21世纪中国人的幸福感:总人口检验及新视角启示

基于3次全国总人口随机抽样调查的数据发现,总体上中国人的幸福感21世纪前6年是"不幸福感"降低,后4年则是"非常幸福感"提高。通过对以往局部研究中的10个假设分别进行检验,校正了其中的偏差;进一步使用Logist ic回归模型进行分析发现,10个变量中有8个对"幸福感"、有4个对"非常幸福感"发挥了显著作用。由此,可以得出两点具有"论方法"意义的启示:应该提倡日常生活中的主体建构的视角;应该进行多维建构的检验与解释。

The Latest Progress in Varying-coefficient Models

Varying-coefficient models are a useful extension of classical linear model. They are widely applied to economics, biomedicine, epidemiology, and so on. There are extensive studies on them in the latest three decade years. In this paper, many of models related to varying-coefficient models are gathered up. All kinds of the estimation procedures and theory of hypothesis test on the varying-coefficients model are summarized. Prom my opinion, some aspects waiting to study are proposed.

Self-adapting RF Stealth Signal Design Method in RATR

Combining the mutual information theory and the sequential hypothesis testing(SHT)method,a selfadapting radio frequency(RF)stealth signal design method is proposed. The channel information is gained through the radar echo and feeds back to the radar system,and then the radar system adaptively designs the transmission waveform. So the close-loop system is formed. The correlations between these transmission waveforms are decreased because of the adaptive change of these transmission waveforms,and the number of illuminations is reduced for adopting the SHT,which lowers the transmission power of the radar system. The radar system using the new method possesses the RF stealth performance. Aiming at the application of radar automatic target recognition(RATR),experimental simulations show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

归纳程序在数学发现中的作用

数学是逻辑程序与归纳程序的辩证统一 .书面呈现的是演绎的逻辑程序 ,而实际的心理过程却是归纳的探究程序 .从信息加工角度分析了归纳的意义、数学发现的过程及归纳程序在数学发现中的作用 .

基于贝叶斯估计的轨道占用识别方法

基于卫星导航的列车定位系统可以减少轨旁设备的铺设、降低建设和运营成本。由于股道占用是列车定位的一个方面,确认股道的占用情况关系着列车越行、交互或者调车作业的安全。首先分析了股道占用识别涉及的场景与列车运动模型,并提出了多假设-检验的占用识别基本流程。该流程分股道占用假设、股道假设更新、占用结果评估和占用选择,其中占用结果评估使用贝叶斯估计的方法。最后在平行股道和道岔两种场景下进行股道占用试验验证,验证结果表明:基于贝叶斯估计的股道占用方法能够正确判断股道占用。

Statistical condition assessment of existing structures using virtual work error estimator

A statistical damage detection and condition assessment scheme for existing structures is developed. First a virtual work error estimator is defined to express the discrepancy between a real structure and its analytical model, with which a system identification algorithm is derived by using the improved Newton method. In order to investigate its properties in the face of measurement errors, the Monte Carlo method is introduced to simulate the measured data. Based on the identified results, their statistical distributions can be assumed, the status of an existing structure can be statistically evaluated by hypothesis tests. A 5-story, two-bay steel frame is used to carry out numerical simulation studies in detail, and the proposed scheme is proved to be effective.

Recovery of Transient Signals in Noise by OptimalThresholding in Wavelet Domain

：研究用离散子波变换复原被加性高斯白噪声污染的瞬态信号．在子波域中提出了一种最佳门限方法，该方法涉及到对于波系数的假设检验，利用似然比、奈曼，皮尔逊准则和最小均方差设计该门限，计算机仿真证明，该方法在较低信噪比下复原信号的有效性．

Life prediction and test period optimization research based on small sample reliability test of hydraulic pumps

Hydraulic pumps belong to reliable long-life hydraulic components. The reliability evaluation includes characters such as long test period,high cost,and high power loss and so on. Based on the principle of energy-saving and power recovery,a small sample hydraulic pump reliability test rig is built,and the service life of hydraulic pump is predicted,and then the sampling period of reliability test is optimized. On the basis of considering the performance degradation mechanism of hydraulic pump,the feature information of degradation distribution of hydraulic pump volumetric efficiency during the test is collected,so an optimal degradation path model of feature information is selected from the aspect of fitting accuracy,and pseudo life data are obtained. Then a small sample reliability test of period constrained optimization search strategy for hydraulic pump is constructed to solve the optimization problem of the test sampling period and tightening end threshold,and it is verified that the accuracy of the minimum sampling period by the non-parametric hypothes is tested. Simulation result shows it could possess instructional significance and referenced value for hydraulic pump reliability life evaluation and the test's research and design.

Matched Filter Based Spectrum Sensing When Primary User Has Multiple Power Levels

In this paper,we investigate the matched filter based spectrum sensing in a more reasonable cognitive radio(CR) scenario when the primary user(PU) has more than one transmit power levels,as regulated in most standards,i.e.,IEEE 802.11 Series,GSM,LTE,LTE-A,etc.This new multiple primary transmit power(MPTP) scenario is specialized by two different targets:detecting the presence of PU and identifying the power level.Compared to the traditional binary sensing where only the presence of PU is checked,SU may attain more information about the primary network(making CR more "intelligent") and design the subsequent optimization strategy.The key technology is the multiple hypothesis testing as opposed to the traditional binary hypothesis testing.We discuss two situations under whether the channel phase is known or not,and we derive the closed form solutions for decision regions and several performance metrics,from which some interesting phenomenons are observed and the related discussions are presented.Numerical examples are provided to corroborate the proposed studies.

大型多指廊屋盖风荷载非高斯特性风洞试验研究

基于我国大型机场航站楼(指廊间最大距离约1500 m)的刚性测压风洞试验,采用高阶统计量方法和柯莫哥罗夫-斯米尔诺夫假设检验方法(K-S法)分析了大型多指廊屋盖表面风压的非高斯特性以及周边建筑对屋盖表面风压分布特性的干扰效应.研究结果表明:周边建筑对屋盖表面风压分布特性的干扰效应总体不显著,极值负压略有减小;大型多指廊屋盖表面风压基本为负压,在屋檐及转角区域的负压值较其他区域更大.高阶统计量方法划分的非高斯区其结果比较分散,同一区域存在不连续情况,且部分区域划分结果对风向角不敏感,而K-S方法划分的非高斯区域连续且覆盖范围与风洞试验分析得到的风压分布规律比较吻合.最后,本研究的风洞试验结果表明:大型多指廊屋盖结构在迎风屋檐、转角等区域表现出明显的非高斯特性,应在我国大型屋盖结构风荷载规范中予以考虑,采用改进的峰值因子估计方法,并宜按非高斯性分区适度提高峰值因子取值.

SAMPLE-SIZE DETERMINATION FOR TWO INDEPENDENT BINOMIAL EXPERIMENTS

Sample size determination is commonly encountered in modern medical studies for two inde- pendent binomial experiments. A new approach for calculating sample size is developed by combining Bayesian and frequentist idea when a hypothesis test between two binomial proportions is conducted. Sample size is calculated according to Bayesian posterior decision function and power of the most powerful test under 0-1 loss function. Sample sizes are investigated for two cases that two proportions are equal to some fixed value or a random value. A simulation study and a real example are used to illustrate the proposed methodologies.

Randomly Weighted LAD-Estimation for Partially Linear Errors-in-Variables Models

The authors consider the partially linear model relating a response Y to predictors （x, T） with a mean function x^Tβ0 ＋ g（T） when the x＇s are measured with an additive error. The estimators of parameter β0 are derived by using the nearest neighbor-generalized randomly weighted least absolute deviation （LAD for short） method. The resulting estimator of the unknown vector 30 is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. In addition, the results facilitate the construction of confidence regions and the hypothesis testing for the unknown parameters. Extensive simulations are reported, showing that the proposed method works well in practical settings. The proposed methods are also applied to a data set from the study of an AIDS clinical trial group.

INFERENCE ON COEFFICIENT FUNCTION FOR VARYING-COEFFICIENT PARTIALLY LINEAR MODEL

One important model in handling the multivariate data is the varying-coefficient partially linear regression model. In this paper, the generalized likelihood ratio test is developed to test whether its coefficient functions are varying or not. It is showed that the normalized proposed test follows asymptotically x2-distribution and the Wilks phenomenon under the null hypothesis, and its asymptotic power achieves the optimal rate of the convergence for the nonparametric hypotheses testing. Some simulation studies illustrate that the test works well.

一种快速BCH编译码算法设计

无线数据传输的重要问题之一是可靠性。基于已有纠错编码的研究成果,通过理论分析,对于选定的[31,16,7]BCH码,分别设计了一种BCH编、译码的快速算法。实际运行结果表明,在给定分组内检/纠3bit差错的条件下,笔者提供的算法可在数据率高达31kbps的信道传输条件下完成实时BCH编/译码计算。

Moderate deviations and hypothesis testing for signal detection problem

Abstract We use moderate deviations to study the signal detection problem for a diffusion model. We establish a moderate deviation principle for the log-likelihood function of the diffusion model. Then applying the moderate deviation estimates to hypothesis testing for signal detection problem we give a decision region such that its error probability of the second kind tends to zero with faster speed than the error probability of the first kind when the error probability of the first kind is approximated by e-ατ（T）, where α〉 0, τ（T） = o（T） and τ（T）→∞ as the observation time T goes to infinity.

Empirical likelihood hypothesis test on mean with inequality constraints

Hypothesis test on the population mean with various inequality constraints is studied in this paper.The empirical likelihood method is applied to construct test statistics.Limiting distributions of the empirical likelihood ratio test statistics are proven to be a weighted mixture of chi-square distributions.Numerical results are presented to show the validity of the proposed method.

Statistical Diagnosis and Gross Error Test for Semiparametric Linear Model

This paper systematically studies the statistical diagnosis and hypothesis testing for the semiparametric linear regression model according to the theories and methods of the statistical diagnosis and hypothesis testing for parametric regression model.Several diagnostic measures and the methods for gross error testing are derived.Especially,the global and local influence analysis of the gross error on the parameter X and the nonparameter s are discussed in detail;at the same time,the paper proves that the data point deletion model is equivalent to the mean shift model for the semiparametric regression model.Finally,with one simulative computing example,some helpful conclusions are drawn.

Multiple hypothesis tracking based on the Shiryayev sequential probability ratio test

To date, Wald sequential probability ratio test(WSPRT) has been widely applied to track management of multiple hypothesis tracking(MHT). But in a real situation, if the false alarm spatial density is much larger than the new target spatial density, the original track score will be very close to the deletion threshold of the WSPRT. Consequently, all tracks, including target tracks, may easily be deleted, which means that the tracking performance is sensitive to the tracking environment. Meanwhile, if a target exists for a long time, its track will have a high score, which will make the track survive for a long time even after the target has disappeared. In this paper, to consider the relationship between the hypotheses of the test, we adopt the Shiryayev SPRT(SSPRT) for track management in MHT. By introducing a hypothesis transition probability, the original track score can increase faster, which solves the first problem. In addition, by setting an independent SSPRT for track deletion, the track score can decrease faster, which solves the second problem. The simulation results show that the proposed SSPRT-based MHT can achieve better tracking performance than MHT based on the WSPRT under a high false alarm spatial density.

Transportation inequalities for hidden Markov chains and applications

We prove some transportation inequalities for hidden Markov chains, generalize the results proved by Kontorovich and Ramanan in two directions and give some applications to log-likelihood functions and hypothesis testing.