抑郁患者注意偏向是抑郁认知研究的重要部分。抑郁的特征是持续情绪低落、自我评价降低、动机下降、失眠和认知障碍。注意偏向是在信息加工过程中,特定刺激引起个体注意过度关注,致使对其他刺激关注不足。目前对抑郁患者的注意偏向的理...抑郁患者注意偏向是抑郁认知研究的重要部分。抑郁的特征是持续情绪低落、自我评价降低、动机下降、失眠和认知障碍。注意偏向是在信息加工过程中,特定刺激引起个体注意过度关注,致使对其他刺激关注不足。目前对抑郁患者的注意偏向的理论解释主要有注意成分理论、注意聚焦变窄理论、认知负荷理论和唤醒水平理论。在研究范式上有Stroop范式、点探测任务和线索–靶子范式等。现有结果表明抑郁个体对与抑郁相关的、强度较大的情绪刺激存在注意偏向,而对于注意偏向的产生原因、是否具有特异性以及与抑郁的因果关系仍未确定的。因此,本文对抑郁相关概念和理论、研究范式、现有研究情况及局限进行了探讨,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。Attentional bias in depressed patients is an important part of cognitive research on depression. Depression is characterized by persistent low mood, lowered self-esteem, decreased motivation, insomnia, and cognitive impairment. Attentional bias is the process of information processing by an individual in which a particular stimulus draws excessive attention to attentional resources, resulting in insufficient attention to other stimuli. The current theoretical explanations of attentional bias in depressed patients include attentional component theory, attentional focus narrowing theory, cognitive load theory, and arousal level theory. The main research paradigms include the Stroop paradigm, the point-probe task, and the cue-target paradigm. Existing results suggest that depressed individuals have an attentional bias toward depression-related emotional stimuli of high intensity, whereas the reasons for the attentional bias, its specificity, and its causal relationship with depression remain undetermined. Therefore, this paper explores depression related concepts and theories, research paradigms, existing research, and limitations, and provides an outlook on future research directions.展开更多
成人对婴儿面孔注意偏向是婴儿图式效应(kindchenschema, or baby schema effect)的体现,也是诱发成人对婴儿产生积极情绪、照料行为和养育动机的前提。本文介绍婴儿面孔注意偏向的概念、相关理论、神经机制、研究范式,并从个体特征和...成人对婴儿面孔注意偏向是婴儿图式效应(kindchenschema, or baby schema effect)的体现,也是诱发成人对婴儿产生积极情绪、照料行为和养育动机的前提。本文介绍婴儿面孔注意偏向的概念、相关理论、神经机制、研究范式,并从个体特征和实验刺激特征两个方面阐明成人对婴儿面孔注意偏向的影响因素。这不仅有助于我们理解成人对婴儿面孔的注意偏向,而且为促进早期亲子关系的发展提供一些启示。展开更多
文摘抑郁患者注意偏向是抑郁认知研究的重要部分。抑郁的特征是持续情绪低落、自我评价降低、动机下降、失眠和认知障碍。注意偏向是在信息加工过程中,特定刺激引起个体注意过度关注,致使对其他刺激关注不足。目前对抑郁患者的注意偏向的理论解释主要有注意成分理论、注意聚焦变窄理论、认知负荷理论和唤醒水平理论。在研究范式上有Stroop范式、点探测任务和线索–靶子范式等。现有结果表明抑郁个体对与抑郁相关的、强度较大的情绪刺激存在注意偏向,而对于注意偏向的产生原因、是否具有特异性以及与抑郁的因果关系仍未确定的。因此,本文对抑郁相关概念和理论、研究范式、现有研究情况及局限进行了探讨,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。Attentional bias in depressed patients is an important part of cognitive research on depression. Depression is characterized by persistent low mood, lowered self-esteem, decreased motivation, insomnia, and cognitive impairment. Attentional bias is the process of information processing by an individual in which a particular stimulus draws excessive attention to attentional resources, resulting in insufficient attention to other stimuli. The current theoretical explanations of attentional bias in depressed patients include attentional component theory, attentional focus narrowing theory, cognitive load theory, and arousal level theory. The main research paradigms include the Stroop paradigm, the point-probe task, and the cue-target paradigm. Existing results suggest that depressed individuals have an attentional bias toward depression-related emotional stimuli of high intensity, whereas the reasons for the attentional bias, its specificity, and its causal relationship with depression remain undetermined. Therefore, this paper explores depression related concepts and theories, research paradigms, existing research, and limitations, and provides an outlook on future research directions.
文摘成人对婴儿面孔注意偏向是婴儿图式效应(kindchenschema, or baby schema effect)的体现,也是诱发成人对婴儿产生积极情绪、照料行为和养育动机的前提。本文介绍婴儿面孔注意偏向的概念、相关理论、神经机制、研究范式,并从个体特征和实验刺激特征两个方面阐明成人对婴儿面孔注意偏向的影响因素。这不仅有助于我们理解成人对婴儿面孔的注意偏向,而且为促进早期亲子关系的发展提供一些启示。
文摘目的研究正念干预对陆航机务官兵认知重评、正性注意偏向和抑郁的干预效果。方法采用整群抽样法抽取某陆航旅44名机务官兵,分为干预组(22人)和对照组(22人)。干预组接受连续8周,每周1次,每次2 h的正念干预课程;对照组在此期间不做特殊干预。使用自编人口统计学量表、五因素正念水平量表(Five Facet Mindfulness Questionaire,FFMQ)、情绪调节量表(Emotion Regulation Questionnaire,ERQ)、正负性注意偏向量表(Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale,APNIS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)在干预前(T1)、干预结束时(T2)、干预结束后1个月(T3)对2组成员进行评估。结果干预前2组人口统计学信息及各心理学指标差异均无统计学意义;干预后2组正念水平、认知重评、正性注意偏向和抑郁的测量时间和分组交互作用差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组T2及T3的正念水平总分显著高于T1(P<0.01);干预组T2及T3的认知重评得分显著高于T1(P<0.05);干预组T2的正性注意偏向得分显著高于T1(P<0.05);干预组3个时间点抑郁得分差异无统计学意义。对照组T3时抑郁得分显著高于T2及T1(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论正念干预能够显著提升陆航机务官兵正念水平以及认知重评和正性注意偏向,可在一定程度上缓冲军事训练和管理对陆航机务官兵抑郁的影响。
