The present study was designed to determine the changes of phosphorylation of cAMP- response ele-ment binding protein (CREB) in hippocampus induced by ohmefentanyl stereoisomers (F9202 and F9204)in conditioned place p...The present study was designed to determine the changes of phosphorylation of cAMP- response ele-ment binding protein (CREB) in hippocampus induced by ohmefentanyl stereoisomers (F9202 and F9204)in conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. The results showed that mice receiving F9202 and F9204displayed obvious CPP. They could all significantly stimulate CREB phosphorylation and maintained for along time without affecting total CREB protein levels. The effect of F9204 was similar to morphine whicheffect was more potent and longer than F9202. We also examined the effects of ketamine, a noncompetitiveN-mthyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR) antagonist, on morphine-, F9202- and F9204- induced CPP and phos-phorylation of CREB in hippocampus. Ketamine could suppress not only the place preference but also thephosphorylation of CREB produced by morphine, F9202 and F9204. These findings suggest that alterationsin the phosphorylation of CREB be relevant to opiates signaling and the development of opiates dependence.NR antagonists may interfere with opiates dependence and may have potential therapeutic implications.展开更多
Because most people consider advertising as an irritant and a distraction and would avoid it, should there be an alternative, advertising agencies strive to utilize the interactive, demassifying, and asynchronous qual...Because most people consider advertising as an irritant and a distraction and would avoid it, should there be an alternative, advertising agencies strive to utilize the interactive, demassifying, and asynchronous qualities of newer technologies to create an appealing advertisement. The current study investigates whether college students＇ attitudes toward advertising on traditional media are different when online advertising is used, especially on Social Media Networking Sites （SMNSs）. Employing the concept of reciprocity （of replicating offline attitudes online） and the flow theory that relates one＇s concentration on an activity and its impact on other occurrences happening around him/her, 287 college students responded to a questionnaire on their perceptions of online advertising, their preferred SMNS, and the SMNS on which they would consider viewing an advertising message. The results showed that 57.8% of the participants avoid online advertising at all costs, which is similar to their offline perception of advertising. Some 42.2% reported that they may consider viewing online advertising if the attributes of relevance, interest, creativity, and interactivity are present, as in viral advertisement. In addition, among the four SMNSs reviewed--Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, and Linkedln--a majority of students indicated that Facebook is their preferred site for online advertising because it allows for creativity and they consider those messages credible, especially if their Facebook friends tagged, liked, or shared the advertisement.展开更多
The present paper investigates the relationship between Iranian intermediate level EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ personality traits and their preferences for Heron＇s Six Category Intervention Analy...The present paper investigates the relationship between Iranian intermediate level EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ personality traits and their preferences for Heron＇s Six Category Intervention Analysis （SCIA）. There were 134 Iranian male and female learners participating in this study. A SCIA questionnaire containing 30 items was developed and validated to assess EFL learners＇ preferences for intervention categories. Moreover, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator （MBTI） was used in the research. Results indicated that whereas in some cases no significant differences were observed, there mostly existed numerous significant differences among language learners with different personality traits and their preferences for SCIA.展开更多
文摘The present study was designed to determine the changes of phosphorylation of cAMP- response ele-ment binding protein (CREB) in hippocampus induced by ohmefentanyl stereoisomers (F9202 and F9204)in conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. The results showed that mice receiving F9202 and F9204displayed obvious CPP. They could all significantly stimulate CREB phosphorylation and maintained for along time without affecting total CREB protein levels. The effect of F9204 was similar to morphine whicheffect was more potent and longer than F9202. We also examined the effects of ketamine, a noncompetitiveN-mthyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR) antagonist, on morphine-, F9202- and F9204- induced CPP and phos-phorylation of CREB in hippocampus. Ketamine could suppress not only the place preference but also thephosphorylation of CREB produced by morphine, F9202 and F9204. These findings suggest that alterationsin the phosphorylation of CREB be relevant to opiates signaling and the development of opiates dependence.NR antagonists may interfere with opiates dependence and may have potential therapeutic implications.
文摘Because most people consider advertising as an irritant and a distraction and would avoid it, should there be an alternative, advertising agencies strive to utilize the interactive, demassifying, and asynchronous qualities of newer technologies to create an appealing advertisement. The current study investigates whether college students＇ attitudes toward advertising on traditional media are different when online advertising is used, especially on Social Media Networking Sites （SMNSs）. Employing the concept of reciprocity （of replicating offline attitudes online） and the flow theory that relates one＇s concentration on an activity and its impact on other occurrences happening around him/her, 287 college students responded to a questionnaire on their perceptions of online advertising, their preferred SMNS, and the SMNS on which they would consider viewing an advertising message. The results showed that 57.8% of the participants avoid online advertising at all costs, which is similar to their offline perception of advertising. Some 42.2% reported that they may consider viewing online advertising if the attributes of relevance, interest, creativity, and interactivity are present, as in viral advertisement. In addition, among the four SMNSs reviewed--Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, and Linkedln--a majority of students indicated that Facebook is their preferred site for online advertising because it allows for creativity and they consider those messages credible, especially if their Facebook friends tagged, liked, or shared the advertisement.
文摘The present paper investigates the relationship between Iranian intermediate level EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ personality traits and their preferences for Heron＇s Six Category Intervention Analysis （SCIA）. There were 134 Iranian male and female learners participating in this study. A SCIA questionnaire containing 30 items was developed and validated to assess EFL learners＇ preferences for intervention categories. Moreover, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator （MBTI） was used in the research. Results indicated that whereas in some cases no significant differences were observed, there mostly existed numerous significant differences among language learners with different personality traits and their preferences for SCIA.
