金坛盐穴储气库腔体偏溶特征分析

国内可用于盐穴储气库建设的盐矿以层状盐岩为主,造腔过程中普遍存在腔体偏溶现象,研究其特征及成因对国内以后盐穴储气库的建设具有一定的借鉴作用。以国内第一个盐穴储气库金坛储气库为研究对象,基于声呐测腔数据,提出了以偏溶系数,即腔体最大半径与同一平面最小半径的比值,来定量表征腔体的偏溶程度,最大半径方向即为腔体偏溶方向。统计结果表明,金坛储气库腔体偏溶系数1.13～11.88,偏溶方向以北东—南西向为主。结合夹层、可造腔盐层厚度和地应力数据,分析了腔体偏溶发生的原因,认为造腔过程中夹层的不均匀垮塌可促使腔体发生偏溶;可造腔盐层厚度越大,腔体发生偏溶的可能性就越大,偏溶程度就越严重;地应力方向对腔体的偏溶方向具有重要影响。

金坛地下储气库盐腔偏溶与井斜的关系

在金坛储气库造腔过程中,盐腔偏溶问题层出不穷,对腔体体积、造腔进度、注气排卤、运行安全等的不良影响不容小觑。为此,对金坛储气库28口造腔井的声呐数据、连斜数据、管柱提升记录、施工记录和原始溶腔设计等资料进行统计分析。结果表明:金坛储气库多口盐井偏移方向规律明显,大多偏北,少数偏南;多数盐腔偏溶方向与井轨迹偏移方向一致。由此提出盐腔偏溶与井斜有着密不可分的关系,并初步认定地应力对盐腔偏溶起到一定作用。

Effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on separation of serpentine from pyrite

The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate（SHMP） on the separation of serpentine from pyrite and its mechanism were studied systematically through flotation tests,sedimentation tests,surface dissolution,ζ potential tests,adsorption measurements,and infrared spectroscopic analyses.The results show that the SHMP could significantly reduce the adverse effect of serpentine on the flotation of pyrite and make the mixed sample of pyrite and serpentine more disperse in the alkaline condition,thus improve the adsorption of xanthate on pyrite.The action mechanism of the SHMP is that it lowers the pH value at the isoelectric point of serpentine and enhances the negative charge through the dissolution of magnesium from the surface of serpentine and adsorbing on the surface of serpentine.It changes the total interaction energy between serpentine and pyrite from gravitational potential energy to repulse potential energy,according to the calculation of the EDLVO theory.

Effect of forced lamina flow on microsegregation simulated by phase field method quantitatively

The influence of supercooled melt forced lamina flow on microsegregation was investigated. The concentration distribution at solid-liquid boundary of binary alloy Ni-Cu was simulated using phase field model coupled with flow field. The microsegregation, concentration maximum value, boundary thickness of concentration near upstream dendrite and normal to flow dendrite, and downstream dendrite were studied quantitatively in the case of forced lamia flow. The simulation results show that solute field and flow field interact complexly. Compared with melt without flow, in front of upstream dendrite tip, the concentration boundary thickness is the lowest and the concentration maximum value is the smallest for melt with flow. However, in front of downstream dendrite tip, the results are just the opposite. The zone of poor Cu in upstream dendrite where is the most severely microsegregation and shrinkage cavity is wider and the concentration is lower for melt with flow than that without flow.

金坛盐穴储气库畸形对盐腔体积影响

金坛盐穴储气库属于层状盐岩型储气库,建设过程中经常出现腔体畸形、偏溶现象,严重降低盐腔有效体积。研究腔体畸形对盐腔体积的影响规律,并在造腔过程中加以控制,将有助于加快库容工作气形成。结合金坛盐穴储气库实际盐腔情况,分析了腔体畸形、偏溶和底坑形状对盐腔有效体积的影响,并根据其形成原因给出了相应解决措施。结果表明,金坛盐穴储气库畸形、偏溶腔体约占总数的30%,畸形系数(11.8~90.1)×10^(-3),畸形系数越大盐层利用率越低;畸形导致横截面为椭圆形,且不同深度的腔体直径差别较大,使腔体周围盐层利用率降低;偏溶使井间矿柱宽度过低,矿柱比减小,腔体直径受限,腔体积严重降低;底坑形状可分为“V”形、“一”形、“”形、“A”形4种,其注气排卤效率依次降低,其中,“”形、“A”形最不利盐腔空间利用,严重降低储气体积。对于腔体畸形可采用的控制手段有降低排量、采用正循环、天然气阻溶回溶等技术。对于偏溶可采用预测偏溶方向合理设计井位、降低矿柱比增加腔体直径等措施。底坑畸形尚无有效控制手段和提高注气排卤措施。该研究为后期腔体形状控制和提高盐腔体积奠定了理论基础,将有助于加快金坛盐穴储气库建设速度。

Effect of atomic structure on migration characteristic and solute segregation of ordered domain interfaces formed in Ni_(75)Al_xV_(25-x)

Based on the microscopic phase-field model, ordered domain interfaces formed between D022 （Ni3V） phases along [001] direction in Ni75AlxV25-x alloys were simulated, and the effects of atomic structure on the migration characteristic and solute segregation of interfaces were studied. It is found that the migration ability is related to the atomic structure of interfaces, and three kinds of interfaces can migrate except the interface （001）//（002） which has the characteristic of L12 （Ni3Al） structure. V atoms jump to the nearest neighbor site and substitute for Ni, and vice versa. Because of the site selectivity behaviors of jumping atoms, the number of jumping atoms during the migration is the least and the jumping distance of atoms is the shortest among all possible modes, and the atomic structures of interfaces are unchanged before and after the migration. The preferences and degree of segregation or depletion of alloy elements are also related to the atomic structure of interface.

HPLC Analysis of Egg Yolk Phosphatidylcholine by Evaporative Light Scattering Detector

Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine(EYPC) is being widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries nowadays owing to its surface activity,pharmaceutical usefulness,and so on.Common determination methods of phospholipids were based on the American Oil Chemists' Society(AOCS) Official Method Ja7b-91,in which n-hexane/2-propanol/acetate buffer was used as the mobile phase.In order to achieve desired results,gradient elu-tion or buffer solution was used,which made the detection process more complicated.Moreover,water or buffer solution could affect the silica gel column both on its lifespan and the separation efficiency significantly.In this study,different mobile phase and detector were used to simplify EYPC analyzing process instead of using water within the mobile phase.The optimized HPLC operating conditions are as follows:pure methanol as a mobile phase,flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1,silica gel column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm,Inertsil GLTM),column temperature 30 ℃ and low temperature evaporative light scattering detector(40 ℃,0.35 MPa) as used.Under this optimal condition,the linear relative coefficient of the standard curve is 0.998 and the recovery was in the range of 96.83%-101.58% with a relative standard deviation of 1.79%(n=6).

Effect of sample treatment on determination of arsenic （Ⅲ） and arsenic （Ⅴ） in aqueous and tissue samples by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

The purpose of this procedure was to optimize and improve a method that used for the determination of arsenic （Ⅲ） and arsenic （Ⅴ） in biological and environmental samples. The method is based on hydride generation and atomic absorption spectrometry. For both As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） the parameters such as NaBH4, HCI concentration, and pH were optimized. Absorption signal of As （Ⅴ） was approximately 17% of As （Ⅲ） signal. Therefore, for estimation of As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） concentrations in various samples the difference between the absorbance obtained for arsenic, without and with previous treatment of samples with potassium iodide （KI）, can be applied. The calibration graphs were linear （r〉0.99）, and the detection limits of the method based on three times the standard deviation of the blank were 0.14 and 0.64 μL^-1 for As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ）, respectively. The relative standard deviation （R.S.D.） of measurements was less than 10%. As a means of checking performance method, water samples were spiked with known concentrations of both As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ）, and recovery above 94% was obtained. The proposed method was applied successfully to determine inorganic As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） in various environmental and total As in biological samples.

Inverted Solvatochromic Stokes Shift in GFP-like Chromophores with Extended Conjugation

Chrornophore structures inspired by natural green fluorescent protein （GFP） play an im- portant role in the field of bio-irnaging. In this work, photochemical properties of a new class of GFP-like chromophores are investigated using computational approaches. Thermo- dynamically stable isomers are identified in vacuum and in solvent. Spectral Stokes shifts are computed and compared to experiments. An inverted solvatochromic shift between absorption and emission emerging in this new class of GFP-like chromophores is observed, and attributed to the stabilized charge transfer and inhibited rotational structural reorganization in solvent.

层状盐岩溶蚀形态特征及主要影响因素

中国盐岩大多以层状产出为主,盐岩地质条件复杂多变,盐层溶腔形态各异,研究层状盐岩溶蚀成腔的形态特征和主要影响因素,可以为优化造腔工程设计、高效建设储气库提供参考。利用金坛、楚州、五里铺及应城等盐矿的盐层地质资料、生产资料、腔体声呐检测数据,从生产方式、造腔排量、埋藏深度、盐岩品位、夹层厚度及地层倾角等方面分析了各因素对盐腔形态的影响。结果表明:金坛和楚州地区盐腔形态较为规则,五里铺腔体形态和应城盐矿盐腔形态不规则,单井对流或双井对流溶蚀形成的腔体形态相近,盐腔的溶蚀形态是多种因素综合作用的结果,其中盐岩品位和夹层是影响腔体形态规则的主要因素,地层倾角是造成腔体偏溶的决定性因素。研究结果可为储气库井位设计和造腔设计提供依据。

An on-chip electroosmotic micropump with a light-addressable potentiometric sensor

An on-chip electroosmotic(EO) micropump(EOP) was integrated in a microfluidic channel combined with a light-addressable potentiometric sensor(LAPS). The movement of EO flow towards right and left directions can be clearly observed in the microfluidic channel. The characteristics of photocurrent-time and photocurrent-bias voltage are obtained when buffer solution passes through the sensing region. The results demonstrate that the combination of an on-chip EOP with an LAPS is feasible.

Dendritic growth and solute trapping in rapidly solidified Cu-based alloys

Rapid solidification of binary Cu-22%Sn peritectic alloys and Cu-5%Sn-5%Ni-5%Ag quaternary alloys was accomplished by glass fluxing, drop tube and melt spinning methods. The undercooled, by glass fluxing method, Cu-22%Sn peritectic alloy was composed of a（Cu） and δ（Cu41Snll） phases. If rapidly solidified in a drop tube, the alloy phase constitution changed from α（Cu） and δ（Cu41Sn11） phases into a single supersaturated （Cu） phase with the reducing of droplet diameter, and the maximum solubility of Sn in （Cu） phase extended to 22%. The Cu-5%Sn-5%Ni-5%Ag quaternary alloy was composed of （Cu） and （Ag） phases under the containerless processing condition in a drop tube, and the solute microsegregation of （Cu） phase was obvious. When the Cu-5%Sn-5%Ni-5%Ag quaternary alloy was solidified by melt spinning method, microsegregation was suppressed and solute trapping occurred. The experimental results show that the microstructures of primary （Cu） phase in the two alloys transfer from coarse dendrites into equiaxed grains with the increase of cooling rate and undercooling, which is accompanied by the grain refinement effect.

Studying the current properties of buffer solution through micro-fluidic channels driven with the pulse bias

In the research of bio-molecular chips and sensors, extra electric biases are most often employed to control and manipulate the DNA and protein molecules moving through micro/nano-fluidic channels. In order to accurately and flexibly control the bio-molecules as they move within the channels, a clear understanding of how the current changes within the buffer solution caused by an applied bias is fundamental. In this report, the current changed value of different buffer solutions, e.g., KC1, TE, and TBE was systematically studied with real-time monitoring and quantitative analysis in the situation of the buffers moving through a fluidic channel with a 5 μm inner diameter, driven by biases of 50 or 100 mV. The results revealed that the relation- ship between the current changed value and the pause interval of the applied electric field is highly consistent with the Hill Equation, which is helpful for accurately detecting and manipulating single biomolecules in microfluidic sensors and biochips.