健康融入所有政策在不同国家环境背景下推进策略分析

健康融入所有政策(health in all policy,HiAP)是近年来国际社会积极倡导的理念和健康策略,世界范围内不同国家和地区根据其环境在推进HiAP时采取了不同的策略。根据中国国情及国际经验,为HiAP的探索和执行提供建议。通过查阅WHO及其欧洲、非洲和亚洲地区机构网页和国内外文献检索,对53篇文献进行筛选和分析。对HiAP的基本理论及不同国家实施HiAP的成功经验、理论和方法进行整理和分析,选取芬兰等五个具有代表性的国家,每个国家分别根据自身环境制定和实施适合本国发展的HiAP的政策和行动框架。根据中国国情分别在组织结构、目标和立法三个方面提出进行HiAP实施的建议。

Dealing with Climate Change in a Digital Age

Digital technologies offer unprecedented opportunities in addressing climate change as public policy requirements increasingly pervade national boundaries. Health issues now merge with those in education, the environment, energy, culture, gender, security, and the economy. They offer enormous potential in mobilizing for political action. But they also have a dark side. Outgoing U.S. President Barack Obama issued a warning that social media in particular poses an existential threat to democracy. Their pervasive influence during the 2016 American presidential election highlighted the potential for the spread of fake news and alternative facts. These realities must be recognized and addressed if meaningful policies on climate change and future sustainability are to be achieved. The challenges ahead require a re-examination of overarching trends in mass media that date back to the middle of the last century. Warnings from scientists, scholars, and community activists indicate that, on the issue of climate change, time is running out. In his Encyclical on Climate Change and Inequality, Pope Francis amplified the urgent call to action. But collectively, we need to rethink the profit driven ways in which our proliferating digital technologies mitigate potential steps toward a sustainable future. In a myriad of forms that go well beyond the seductive and addicting trends of endless hours spent online, new and proliferating digital toys and gadgets are neither carbon neutral, nor as some proponents would have us believe, do they hold the sole promise of innovation and job creation. Additionally, their potential must be harnessed to maintain rather than disrupt social stability.

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: Renewing the Global Commitment to People’s Resilience, Health,and Well-being

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) is the first global policy framework of the United Nations’ post-2015 agenda. It represents a step in the direction of global policy coherence with explicit reference to health, development, and climate change. To develop SFDRR, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction(UNISDR) organized and facilitated several global, regional, national, and intergovernmental negotiations and technical meetings in the period preceding the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction(WCDRR) 2015 where SFDRR was adopted. UNISDR also worked with representatives of governments, UN agencies, and scientists to develop targets and indicators for SFDRR and proposed them to member states for negotiation and adoption as measures of progress and achievement in protecting lives and livelihoods. The multiple efforts of the health community in the policy development process, including campaigning for safe schools and hospitals, helped to put people’s mental and physicalhealth, resilience, and well-being higher up the disaster risk reduction(DRR) agenda compared with the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015. This article reviews the historical and contemporary policy development process that led to the SFDRR with particular reference to the development of the health theme.