基础型社区养老服务供给对老年人生活满意度的影响——自评健康变化的中介作用

基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS 2018)数据,运用多元线性回归、逐步回归、Bootstrap等研究方法分析基础型社区养老服务供给对老年人生活满意度的影响,并引入自评健康变化作为中介变量,探讨了其影响机制。研究发现:基础型社区养老服务供给对老年人生活满意度具有正向影响,且通过老年人自评健康变化对其生活满意度可以产生间接影响效应。在社区养老服务体系建设过程中,应重视基础型社区养老服务的作用,充分发挥政府购买公共服务的优势。

武夷山市高中生体质健康变化分析——基于三年的纵向调查

为掌握武夷山市高中生身体形态、机能和素质的发育状况及存在的问题,分别在2019年,2020年,2021年对武夷山市2019级的高中生进行体质健康测试。采用文献资料法,数理统计法等研究方法,对测试结果进行动态分析研究。结果表明:身高、体重、肺活量等身体形态和身体机能方面成绩逐年提高;在身体素质方面,女生仰卧起坐三年成绩差异不具有统计学意义;女生800 m平均成绩下降;50 m,立定跳远,肌力(一分钟引体向上,一分钟仰卧起坐)等身体素质方面呈逐年提高的趋势。针对身体素质方面成绩下降的项目,采取增加跑步时间,加强力量训练等措施促进中学生的体质健康发展。

从初中生体质健康变化趋势的视角谈初中体育教学改革

当前素质教育不断推进,教育部门以及学校对于体育教学逐渐重视起来,体育教学的效果将对学生的体质健康水平产生十分重要的影响,关系到学生的未来发展。中学体育教学能够促进学生体质健康是毋庸置疑的。初中阶段的学生体质健康发生变化,初中体育教学的改革也应不断发生变化,更好地满足学生体质发展需要,实现学生更好、更加全面的发展。从初中生体质健康变化趋势的视角谈初中体育教学改革。

高中学生体质健康变化趋势对体育改革的影响与思路分析

随着素质教育教学理念的普及与推广,教育界对高中生的体质健康水平和体育教学改革的要求也越来越高。基于此,本文首先阐述当前高中生的体质健康变化趋势,再从文化与体育教育的失衡、体育训练项目较少、学生的主体地位未得到重视三个方面分析高中体育教学的现实情况,最后从教学目标、课程体系、教学范围、教学评价、教学思想5个方面分析高中生体质变化趋势对体育教学改革的影响与思路,以供相关人士交流。

中年人健康变化对其收入的影响

研究采用中国健康与养老追踪调查2013年和2015年数据,运用两阶段最小二次回归法(2SLS)分析中年人健康状况对其收入造成的影响。研究表明:中年人健康与收入之间的关系存在城乡、性别之间的差异。健康变差对农业户口中年人收入影响的变化幅度要高于非农户口中年人,健康变差对中年男性收入影响要高于中年女性。

人才培养从青少年体质健康变化分析与评价刍议——基于判别分析法

对青少年的体质健康进行分析与评价,以某小学为例,分别测得二、三年级学生在2015年7月暑假前、2015年9月开学初、2016年1月寒假前及2016年3月寒假开学初四个时间段的身高、BMI、50米跑等指标,采用Z检验方法,得出学生在不同时期指标的显著性差异。此外,利用Fisher判别法构建分级模型对学生的综合体质进行判别,得出学生在学校生活后与在家生活后的体质有明显的差异。

高职新生体质健康动态变化及提升策略研究——基于新疆某校学生体质监测数据

为了解民族地区高职学生体质健康变化趋势,为高职体育课程改革及学生体质监测提供参考。抽取2016-2022年新疆某高职的11 868名新疆籍新生体质健康数据,采用单因素方差分析、LSD比较检验及χ^(2)检验等进行统计学分析。结果 2016-2022年高职新生体质健康水平整体呈现下降趋势(P<0.01),男生的及格率高于女生;男生的身高、体重呈上升趋势,女生的身高、体重呈下降趋势(P<0.01),且男、女生的低体重、超重、肥胖率均呈现不同程度的增加;高职新生的肺活量呈现上升趋势(P<0.01),身体素质测试项目均呈现不同程度的下降趋势(P<0.01)。结论 新疆籍高职新生的体质健康水平令人堪忧,学校部门领导应重视体育工作,根据学生实际情况调整体育课程结构,加强校园体育文化的建设。

国内外气候变化与健康应对的研究进展

为总结我国在气候变化与健康应对方面的国家行动与对策,文章首先介绍了该领域国外研究的3个热点:气候变化与传染病传播的证据、气候变化与疾病负担、监测气候变化对健康的影响。然后就气候变化对健康影响的一般性描述、区域性证据和认知研究等综述了国内气候变化与健康应对研究现状,提出了国内研究存在的问题以及后续研究重点,包括:提高居民对气候变化的认知;加强气候变化脆弱性、适应性评估,确定优先研究领域;拓展研究视角;开展监测评价等。

居住方式对老年人自评健康的影响研究——基于2018年CLHLS数据的实证分析

目的:研究不同居住方式对老年人健康状况的影响,为改善老年人健康状况提供依据。方法:基于CLHLS2018年调查数据,利用Ordered logistic回归分析,探讨不同居住方式对老年人健康状况的影响。结果:相对于独居,住在养老机构对老年人健康状况有积极影响,经常锻炼、良好的睡眠、充足的生活来源、及时就医等因素也对老年人健康状况有正向影响,而年龄增长、慢性病、跌倒、更换居住地等因素对老年人健康状况有负向影响。居住方式对老年人健康状况的影响因性别、年龄、是否患有慢性病、户籍等因素而存在差异。结论:政府、社会、家庭和个人应协同维护老年人健康;推进养老服务体系建设,提供多元化养老方式;完善社会保障体系,关爱独居老年人和流动老年人;倡导积极健康的生活方式,加强老年人的自我健康管理。

孤独感对老年人自评健康的影响研究——基于2018年CLHLS数据的实证分析

通过调查各种程度的孤独感对老人健康状况的影响,为提高老人的健康状况提供了依据。方法:根据CLHLS 2018年的研究统计,运用多元逻辑与回归式分析方法,研究不同的孤独程度及其对老年人身心健康的影响。研究结果:在过去一年中约48.1%的老年人健康状况较好,38.5%的老年人健康状况一般,13.4%的老年人健康状况较差。相对于总是或时常感觉孤独的老人和有时感觉孤独的老人,很少或从不感觉孤独的老人的健康状况明显高于二者。频繁与子女联系、积极与朋友互动、积极参与社会活动、经济状况较好等因素对老年人的健康有显著的积极作用。结论:政府部门、社区、家庭和个人要协同保障老人的生命安全;推动养老服务体系建立,创造多样化养老模式;倡导积极向上的健康生活方式,进一步提高老人的自身生存保障能力。

人口转变、经济发展与卫生支出增长——以人口普查为基础的因素分解

采用因素分解方法考察中国卫生支出在过去近30年的增长特点,将卫生总费用增长及卫生总费用占GDP比重的变化,分解为人口数量增长、人口结构变动、健康模式变化和非人口学因素影响四个独立可比的部分。结果显示,尽管非人口学因素决定着卫生总费用增长,人口学因素却主导着卫生总费用占GDP比重的变化。人口学因素中,人口总量缓慢增长和人口结构快速转变推动着卫生支出规模不断上升,但健康模式变化显著削弱了这种趋势。

风险感知与商业健康保险参与

基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,本文探讨不同层面的风险感知对家庭商业健康保险参与决策的影响。研究发现,风险感知水平的提高显著增加家庭商业健康保险新增参与可能性及新增参与程度;风险态度在二者关系中的调节作用呈现异质性,对家人住院的风险感知,风险厌恶的正向调节作用显著,但对于主观程度更强的户主自评健康变化的风险感知,这种调节作用不显著。因此,普及健康风险感知教育,有助于激发商业健康保险需求,推动商业健康保险市场发展。

Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health and Adaptation Strategies in South China

This study reviews the impacts of climate change on human health and presents corresponding adaptation strategies in South China. The daily mean surface air temperatures above or below 26.4~C increase the death risk for people in Guangzhou, especially the elderly are vulnerable to variations in temperature. Heat waves can cause insomnia, fatigue, clinical exacerbation, or death from heatstroke etc., while cold spells show increases in patients with fractures. During a cold spell period, the rates of both on-site emergency rescues and non-implementable rescues increase, and the risk of non-accidental deaths and respiratory disease deaths significantly rise as well. Both time series of hazy days and ozone concentrations have significant positive correlations with the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Both malaria and dengue fever reach higher altitudes and mountainous areas due to climate warming. Climate change is likely to bring stronger heat waves in the future, thereby increasing heat wave-related illnesses and deaths, particularly in the metropolitan areas of the Pearl River Delta. The projected increase of consecutive cold days in Guangdong province and parts of northern Guangxi province will affect residents＇ health in the future. The rising temperature exaggerates ozone pollution, but it is not clear whether climate change is aggravating or mitigating haze pollution. The transmission potential of malaria in South China will increase by 39%-140% and the transmission season will extend by 1 2 months with an air temperature increase of 1-2~C. By 2050, most areas in Hainan province are projected to convert from non-endemic dengue into endemic dengue areas. The aging population will cause more vulnerable people. To mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on human health, sound and scientific adaptation strategies must be adopted in advance, such as strengthening the surveillance of epidemic diseases in potential transmission areas, conducting timely weather forecasting for human health, evaluating health vulnerability to climate change, improving environmental and health education, and strengthening hazard management and the cooperation between meteorological and health departments.

Decadal Trend of Coastal Water Quality in Orange County Beaches and Management Efficacy at Improving Public Health Protection

Historical fecal indicator bacteria measurements （n = 125,000; 10 years） in Orange County coastal zone, an interface with urban watershed that is one of the most developed areas in the United States and source of highly polluted runoff discharges, have been compiled and analyzed. During the period from 2000 to 2010, fecal indicator bacteria concentrations in Orange County Beaches progressively increased （poor water quality） in the first half of the decade and progressively decreased （improved water quality） during the last half of the decade. Among all physical, chemical and environmental factors, 59%-74% of the variability in the fecal indicator bacteria concentrations in the coastal zone records can be attributed to seasonal and interannual variability in local rainfall, implying that stormwater runoff from the surrounding urban watershed is a primary source of fecal pollution in Orange County Beaches. These results suggest that efforts to improve water quality in Orange County Beaches and protect beach-goers from pollution will likely have greater efficacy during wet weather periods than the rest of the year. In addition, this study identified the effect of alongshore surf zone current on fecal pollution caused by coastal waves. The data and analysis presented in this paper provide a framework for evaluating the longer period water quality trend in the coastal area, and elucidate Best-Management-Practices that can improve public health protection by managing coastal water quality compliance with standards.

The Role of Aerosol in Climate Change,the Environment,and Human Health

Aerosol is an important component of the atmosphere,and its source,composition,distribution,and effects are highly complicated.Governments and scientists have given much attention to aerosol problems,and it has become a hot topic due to the important role it plays in climate change and the Earth's environment.In this paper,1) the importance of aerosol in climate change,the atmospheric environment,and human health is summarized;2) the recent serious problems of aerosol pollution and the shortage of current aerosol research in China are pointed out;and 3) the necessity to enhance aerosol research in China is emphasized.

Climate Change and Human Health in Nigeria

This paper investigates the impact of climate change on human health in Nigeria. The paper relies on secondary data, sourced from journals, government documents and private individuals. From these sources the paper discovered that climate change poses a wide range of health risks to human health which include direct effects on human health resulting from increase in temperature and amplified air pollution that increase in temperature needs high incidence of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dysentery and cholera among others. Climate change also leads to rising sea levels which contaminates coastal fresh water and makes low-lying areas vulnerable to flooding. Flooding results in frequent incidences of malaria, cholera, typhoid to mention but few. It also leads to the displacement of people and resource conflicts, e.g., land and water, and post-disaster mental health problem. Finally the paper suggests that after flooding, affected settlements should be fumigated before people pack tack in order to reduce the incidences of cholera, malaria and dysentery among others, and that to reduce the discharge of carbon into the atmosphere alternative source of energy to fuel wood, must be put in place by the government.

Glaciers One-TimemThe Society Protagonist of the Research

Glaciers one-time involves the citizenship in the development of a popular scientific project, which, among its objectives, aims to make the society conscious of the glacial retreat in action and to quantify the changes in the mountain landscape. All are invited to take photographs of the modern Italian glaciers with the exact points of view of historical photographs, and to make photographic comparisons. Glaciers one-time is carried out in collaboration with institutions that carry out glaciological activities. The institutional network so has the goal to cooperate together for the promotion of research within the society and the understanding of the landscape changes due to retreat of the glaciers. With the active participation of citizenship, it was possible to do a picture of glaciation to publicize the awareness of the state of health of the glaciers and to disseminate the importance of the cryosphere.

A Scoping Review： Transitioning Into Retirement With Chronic Health Disorders

A scoping review was conducted to report on the nature and extent of the literature addressing the transition through peri and post retirement for people living with chronic disorder（s）. The secondary purpose was to determine the extent that gender issues and the transition age （50-65） are specifically addressed. Of 3,256 titles identified, 111 articles meet the inclusion criteria. Information was often indirect but addressed varying health domains that significantly influence transitional stages toward retirement and illustrating the burden of chronic comorbid health problems, unequal gender positions with differences in labour force participation, retirement pensions, and changing social dynamics. Few studies directly addressed the complex interaction of chronic health outcomes, psychological well-being, social and financial health as a significant paradigm in determining a successful transition into retirement. Needed are prospective longitudinal studies that measure predictors and outcomes of retirement transitioning along with qualitative studies that define the decision-making process. Given the substantial differential impact in respect to retirement risk factors and opportunities, there must be consideration in design and analysis for future high quality research.

Options for Managing Livestock Production Systems to Adapt to Climate Change

This paper discusses recent research findings together with management schemes in preventing and managing of thermal stress by handling external and internal factors in livestock production systems. Preventive measures against thermal stress are described as basic structural adjustments and the modifications that can be implemented readily, according to animal health and welfare requirements and refer to （1） environmental modification and thermal comfort in various housing systems; （2） action on animals, such as genetic selection for breeds resistant to infectious disease, parasites and climate extremes; （3） action on feed and （4） action on staff handling the animals. Moreover, measures to be taken both in situations of chronic thermal stress and heat or cold strokes are presented as they are applied to （1） limit stress, （2） monitor the temperature felt by animals, （3） adapt diet and drinking water supplies and （4） correct physiological imbalances. Examples are given for different farm species （cattle, sheep, goat, poultry and pigs） and different production systems （intensive, extensive and alternative）. The paper concludes with a practical guide for the effective handling of thermal stress at farm level, summarizing the results from recent research studies on the specific topic.

Parameter Variations of Identified Model for Static Deformation Analysis of Arch Dam

The structural health monitoring of a dam is important for maintaining the safe operation and longevity of the dam system. The structural health of a large dam can be monitored from the measured static deformation. This paper presents an investigation of the parameter variations of the identified model of the measured long-term static deformation for the structural health monitoring of Fui-Tsui Dam, which is located in a very active seismic zone of Taiwan. The measured static deformation is characterized as a function of the measured physical parameters, including the effects of hydrostatic pressure and temperature variation. The identified parameters, associated with the effects of hydrostatic pressure and temperature variation, change with environmental factors, such as flooding, earthquake and foundation change.