军事应激条件下官兵心理健康状况及其影响因素

目的了解军事应激条件下执行特殊任务官兵的心理健康状况,为有针对性地开展心理卫生工作提供依据。方法以执行某基地军事演习任务的部队为研究样本,采用自行编制的军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表,对465名执行某基地军事演习任务的官兵进行现场测试。结果 (1)军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表各因子之间有相关性。(2)在军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表多数因子上,不同兵种、职别、学历、文化程度、年龄、性别、婚姻状况得分差异有显著性,心理健康状况有所不同,其中炮兵、干部、高学历军人、18岁以下义务兵、已婚军人、男性军人心理健康状况较差(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论军事应激条件下执行军事演习任务的不同兵种、不同职别、不同文化程度、不同年龄、不同性别、不同婚姻状况官兵之间的心理健康有明显差异,应分别对其进行心理健康教育与心理干预工作。

1992年就业法中有关健康和安全的规定

作者考察了新西兰1992年颁布的就业法中有关健康和安全部分的主要内容。文章指出，这项法律意味着国家调节机关对各个经济领域和全国的企业和工位的健康和职业安全保障问题的态度有重要进展。认为，新的更加严厉的法律将改善当前新西兰工作人员技术安全和正常健康条件保障状况。这种状况被认为是非常不好的：根据现有资料，工作岗位上的各种事故每年给国家造成大约15亿美元损失，即占国民生产总值的近2％。政府加强了顾主对保证恰当的技术安全条件和保护工作人员健康的责任，从而希望减少与生产有关的职业病。根据新法律，顾主违反法律规定将被课以10万美元以内的罚款（根据情节而定），或者甚到被判处一年以内的徒刑。强调了新法律的普遍适用性，它包括所有经济成分，从总体上具有更高的司法层次，这与政府希望改善国内生产中的健康保护状况有关。

人类的意识作用

进化与用进废退是一切生物必须服从的现象。所有动物都要通过体力活动(即器官的使用)来维持健康与获取从伤病中的恢复。但与人类不同的是,它们的活动都是本能性的求生、觅食、求偶、繁衍后代等天性的驱使。动物不可能为了健康与病伤的恢复而有意识地做体育或功能锻炼。

热烈的祝贺 高士其同志的书面发言

我因身体健康条件不允许,不能到会,谨向会议致以热烈的祝贺,祝贺会议成功。一九七八年十月庐山会议后,少年儿童读物的出版工作有了显著的进步;少年儿童的科学文艺创作也出现了新的局面,一批批比较优秀的科学文艺作品,其中包括科学幻想作品、科学童话、科学诗、科学故事等,深受少年儿童的喜爱,这是值得高兴的。

逃避婚检忧思录

一顶花桥,一方红盖头,一条红绸带,新郎牵着新娘人洞房,这种结婚方式已经很遥远了。如今,无论是一挂鞭炮,摆若干酒席,邀亲朋好友闹闹新房这类“告示”性的婚礼,还是实惠而节约的“蜜月旅行”,但是,当代婚事的一项关键内容是婚前检查。由于医疗条件、社会观念,以及人们的健康和优生意识的制约,婚前检查在许多地方,特别是广大农村,却远未到理想的境地。一方面是不少人尚无条件接受婚检。

Influence of gut microbiota on neuropsychiatric disorders

The last decade has witnessed a growing appreciation of the fundamental role played by an early assembly of a diverse and balanced gut microbiota and its subsequent maintenance for future health of the host. Gut microbiota is currently viewed as a key regulator of a fluent bidirectional dialogue between the gut and the brain(gut-brain axis). A number of preclinical studies have suggested that the microbiota and its genome(microbiome) may play a key role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, alterations in the gut microbiota composition in humans have also been linked to a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, including depression, autism and Parkinson's disease. However, it is not yet clear whether these changes in the microbiome are causally related to such diseases or are secondary effects thereof. In this respect, recent studies in animals have indicated that gut microbiota transplantation can transfer a behavioral phenotype, suggesting that the gut microbiota may be a modifiable factor modulating the development or pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric conditions. Further studies are warranted to establish whether or not the findings of preclinical animal experiments can be generalized to humans. Moreover, although different communication routes between the microbiota and brain have been identified, further studies must elucidate all the underlying mechanisms involved. Such research is expected to contribute to the design of strategies to modulate the gut microbiota and its functions with a view to improving mental health, and thus provide opportunities to improve the management of psychiatric diseases. Here, we review the evidence supporting a role of the gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders and the state of the art regarding the mechanisms underlying its contribution to mental illness and health. We also consider the stages of life where the gut microbiota is more susceptible to the effects of environmental stressors, and the possible microbiota-targeted intervention strategies that could improve health status and prevent psychiatric disorders in the near future.

Science Letters:Crossover randomized controlled trial of the electronic version of the Chinese SF-36

Objectives:to verify the feasibility and reliability of the electronic version of Chinese SF-36 based on the Quality-of-Life-Recorder. Design: A crossover randomized controlled trial, comparing a paper-based and an electronic version of the Chinese SF-36, was conducted. According to generated random numbers, interviewees were asked to fill out either the electronic version or the paper version first. The second version was filled in after a pause of at least 10 min. Settings and participants: One group of 100 medical students at the School of Medicine of Zhejiang University and the other group of 50 outpatients at a clinic for general practice in Hangzhou City (China) were eventually recruited in this study. Results: The acceptance of the electronic version was good (60% of medical students and 84% of outpatients preferred the electronic version). At the level of eight-scale scores, the mean-difference for each scale (except for general health) between the two versions was less than 5%. At the level of 36 questions, the percentage of "exact agreement" ranged within 64%～99%; the percentage of "global agreement" ranged within 72%～99%; 77% of the kappa coefficients demonstrated "good/excellent agreement" and 23% of the kappa coefficients demonstrated "medium agreement". Conclusion: This study, for the first time, can provide empirical basis for the confirmation of the feasibility and reliability of the electronic version of the Chinese SF-36 and may provide an impulse towards widespread deployment of the Quality-of-Life-Recorder in Chinese populations.

Assessment of community health needs of Chongqing residents: a qualitative study

Objective: The aim of this preliminary qualitative study was to gain insight into community health needs in order to develop health program for community in Chongqing. Methods: Totally 40 participants were assigned into 6 focus group discussions. All groups were led by local language speakers, and their talking was recorded after gaining informed consent. Transcribed data were coded and subjected to thematic analysis. Results: The main obtained themes were that community health problems were chronic noncommunicable disease, main health service needs included regularly free check-up and health education, and perceived health risk factors were unhealthy lifestyle and behavior as well as environment problems. Conclusion: Our community health needs assessment (CHNA) with FGDs indicate that residents realize the importance of prevention of disease. Our study identifies that primarily community health promotion is one of the priorities of community health service needs, including reorienting health service, health education, guiding behavior or lifestyle, and creating healthy environments. The findings of this study can provide guidance to the development of more effective and pertinent health program in this community.

Challenges faced by community health nurses to achieve universal health coverage in Myanmar:A mixed methods study

Objective:This study aimed to identify the challenges of community health nurses(CHNs)in delivering effective community health care to achieve universal health coverage(UHC)in Myanmar.Methods:A total of 30 CHNs from township health centers in the northeastern,southern,and western parts of Myanmar were purposefully recruited for quantitative and qualitative interviews.Quantitative data were processed using Microsoft Excel software,and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.This study is registered with researchregistry6201.Results:Around the country,30 CHNs uncovered their hardships in implementing primary health care to achieve UHC.Over 90%of the participants agreed to the problem of inadequate health infrastructure,while half of them felt unmotivated when they encountered role conflicts among various cadres of healthcare providers and poor opportunities for career promotion.Major problems arose from the lack of standard professional education at the entry point to community settings because most CHNs did not achieve specialized training in providing public health services.Complications are incapable of evaluating health services for policy-making and the inability to conduct health research to develop evidencebased practices.Insecure work and living conditions,unsupportive community relationships,and undereducation in professional practices were supportive major themes explored by CHNs to achieve a deeper understanding of the barriers to UHC.Not only the health system itself but also the population and other geographical factors have contributed to many challenges to CHNs.Conclusion:Myanmar’s CHNs face many challenges in achieving UHC.These challenges are not confined to the health sector.Some situations,such as geographical barriers and transportation problems,remain persistent challenges for healthcare providers.This study highlights the fact that current health systems should be strengthened by qualified healthcare providers and sufficient infrastructure.Meanwhile,public empowerment plays a critical role in promoting health development.

Impact of the Built Environment on the Mental Health of the Inhabitants in High-Rise Collective Housing in Algeria

For everybody, the house or the accommodation （and its environment） is a secure place, a haven space, which protects people from constraints of the everyday life. Unfortunately, and more or less everywhere in the third world, accommodation is for a great number of people a source of stress caused by daily obligations that people have to deal with. In Algeria, the majority of the high-rise collective housing estates through the country offers all the ingredients of a constrained urban environment for the inhabitants. For the most of the population, the accommodation appears as a vital need rather than a negotiable good. As a matter of fact, in the third world in general and particularly in Algeria, most of people live in communities where there is a shortage of accommodation and in which the social housing and its environment are often below the standards. Constructed on policies and a conception of housing which does not integrate at all the criteria of the sustainable development, millions of fiats have already been built. Millions are going to be built in the future, and will be of high-rise collective type. As underlined in this paper, it seems reasonable to think that such a degraded built environment will be unfavorable to the inhabitants and will have a negative impact on both their mental and physical health. The attempt is to demonstrate that there are evidences according to which the housing conditions, inside and outside the accommodation, contribute to create psychological distress and physiological diseases.

Health risk of whole body vibration in mining trucks during various operational conditions

Mining machineries are generally exposed to intensive vibrations in harsh mining environment. If vibrations are beyond the tolerable limit, the machine and its operator health will be under the risk. In this work, the vibration of a mining truck at different operational conditions are simulated and discussed. To achieve this aim, three haul roads with low, medium and poor qualities are considered based on the ISO standard. Accordingly, the vibration of a mining truck in different speeds, payload and distribution qualities of materials in the dump body are evaluated in each haul road quality using Trucksim software. The simulation results with statistical discussions indicate that the truck speed and the materials distribution quality have significant effects on the root mean square(RMS) of vertical vibrations. However, the effect of the payload is not considerable on the RMS. Moreover, the accumulation of materials on the rear side of the truck dump body is efficient on the vibrational health risk.

油田企业钻井HSE管理探讨

HSE管理体系经过多年的发展,其管理体系和运行机制在石油化工行业逐步建立和发展,HSE管理体系对减少石化企业环境、安全及健康事故有着重要的作用。随着HSE体系的不断健全,在广大油田内部全面推行,尤其在基层钻井队显得尤为重要。本文就钻井队施工中HSE管理及应用做几点分析。

择偶——心理健康不容忽视——从一起蜜月毁容案谈起

为什么有些姑娘竟与心理有障碍的人谈恋爱甚至以身相许?这正是值得当今广大青年深思的问题。目前很多青年,在选择配偶时,只重视外貌、职业、家庭等外在条件,忽视身体健康特别是心理健康条件。

长信短复

问:身体状况欠佳的人,可以献血吗? 答:1998年10月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国献血法》规定:“国家实行无偿献血制度”。同时规定:“国家提倡十八周岁至五十五周岁的健康公民自愿献血。”

Applications of urinary proteomics in biomarker discovery

Urine is an important source of biomarkers. This article reviews current advances, major challenges, and future prospects in the field of urinary proteorrfics. Because the practical clinical problem is to distinguish diseases with similar symptoms, merely comparing samples from patients of a particular disease to those of healthy individuals is inadequate for finding biomarkers with sufficient diagnostic power. In addition, the variation of expression levels of urinary proteins among healthy individuals and individuals under different physiological conditions adds to the difficulty in identifying biomarkers. We propose that es- tablishing the natural variation in urinary protein expression among a healthy population can serve as a reference to help iden- tify protein abundance changes that are caused by disease, not by individual variations or physiological changes. We also dis- cuss that comparing protein expression levels between urine and plasma may reveal the physiological function of the kidney and that may facilitate biomarker discovery. Finally, we propose that establishing a data-sharing platform for data collection and integrating results from all urinary biomarker studies will help promote the development of urinary proteomics.