社区室外适老健康环境及康复景观设计研究

人口老龄化的加剧对室外环境的空间功能提出了更高的要求,以往的室外环境营造在追求视觉效果的基础上,主要围绕人们普遍的生活习惯、心理与精神需求等展开,对适老性及环境所表现的特别功能还未融入更深层次的思考。如今,追求健康的公共环境、将健康理念与康复景观融入环境设计已成为室外空间的发展趋势。对我国社区室外环境现状及使用人群中老年人群体的使用特点进行研究,阐明当前背景下室外环境存在的问题,总结适老性健康及康复需求,提出基于我国老年人身心及行为特征的适老室外环境设计原则及设计策略。

上海社区老年人健康促进生活方式影响因素分析

目的:研究上海社区老年人健康促进生活方式现状及其影响因素。方法:采用一般情况调查表和中文版老年人健康促进生活方式量表对上海社区老年人基本情况和生活方式现状进行调查。结果:老年人健康促进生活方式量表平均得分为(96.63 ±16.91)分。各量表得分依次为:饮食营养维度得分为(13.06 ±2.00)分,运动锻炼维度得分为(10.22 ±2.61)分,精神成长维度得分为(14.17 ±3.34)分,健康责任维度得分为(22.08 ±5.59)分,压力应对维度得分为(19.24 ±3.96)分,人际关系维度得分为(17.86 ±3.03)分。年龄、健康关注度、健康自我效能、公共健康设施健全程度和公共健康服务开展情况对老年人健康促进生活方式存在显著影响。结论:上海社区老年人健康促进生活方式水平为中等偏上,可通过提升健康自我效能、增加健康关注度、开展多种公共健康服务,健全公共健康设施来提高老年人健康促进生活方式水平,从而改善其健康状况。

老年健康支持体系发展现状与对策研究——以唐山市为例

如今中国处于工业化、城镇化、信息化和老龄化快速发展的阶段,人们更加看重健康生活,健康养老,相应的老年健康支持体系却不是十分完善,因此形成了"未富先老"的局面。本文通过对我国大环境的分析并结合唐山市老年健康支持体系的现状来得出相应的对策。

2000名老年人心电图检查分析

对2000例健康老干部做心电图检测,异常检出率高达41.5％。对部分心电图异常者作心脏X线、心脏B超检查,提示有心脏器质性病变。老年人做心电图检查,是早期发现和预防心脏病的重要途径。

城市人如何养老?

由美国战略与国际研究中心提交的报告《银发中国》,引起了众多专家的强烈关注。报告以令人信服的数字显示其观点并非耸人听闻:"到2040年,中国老年人总数将达到3.97亿人,超过法国、

基于民众反馈的寒地乡村适老宅院绿化空间指标验证探析

乡村庭院空间环境与老年人日常生活密不可分,而庭院的绿化质量密切影响着空间品质。目前对于乡村宅院空间环境的评价侧重于定性评价,缺乏系统化的评估与量化方法的使用,也缺乏以民众意愿为主要参考的反馈和验证过程。本文选取寒地乡村住宅庭院绿化空间为研究对象,利用模糊德尔菲法建立评价指标体系,以民众模糊评价的反馈对评价指标进行实际验证,通过使用者视角的评价验证来直接地反馈空间现状的问题,缓解老龄化与健康环境不能共同发展的矛盾,促进健康适老乡村的营建。

微信平台在医院护理健康教育中的应用及评价

总结微信平台在健康教育中的应用及体会。方法 选取我院糖尿病专科40 至55 岁有智能手机者40 名,随机分为对照组20 例和实验组20 例,实验组加入科室微信好友,利用微信结合口头方式进行健康宣教,对照组仅使用口头健康教育,分别在入院第一天、出院以及出院后一月使用满意度调查表进行评估。结果 实验组出院及出院后一月后满意度得分高于对照组(P<0.05),两组入院第一天得分相差不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 利用微信平台能够有效促进健康教育的开展。

Social isolation and health-promoting behaviors among older adults living with different health statuses:A cross-sectional study

Objectives:To describe the characteristics and relationships of social isolation and health promoting behaviors of Chinese older adults with different health statuses.Methods:Totally 485 older adults were recruited.They were divided into three groups based on their health status:healthy group(n=72),group with one disease(n=183)and group with multimorbidity(n=230).Lubben Social Network Scale-6 and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II were used to measure their social isolation and health-promoting behaviors,respectively.Results:Among the aged with one disease or multimorbidity,30.6%(56/183)and 31.7%(73/230)were socially isolated,respectively,based on the score of the Lubben Social Network Scale-6.The three groups differed significantly in health-promoting behaviors and scores on several subscales.The group with multimorbidity exhibited more social isolation and fewer health-promoting behaviors than other groups.Social isolation was among the factors adversely affecting health-promoting behaviors in older adults.Conclusions:Health care providers should help older adults with multimorbidity preserve the remaining abilities to improve health-promoting behaviors.Meanwhile,it is important to support healthy older adults to increase self-responsibility to achieve healthy aging.

Economic and Social Impact of China’s Aging Population and Public Policy Response

In mapping out China’s future development,policymakers must bear in mind the challenges from a falling birthrate and aging society.Based on previous demographic censuses and original data of large sample surveys,this study employed an indirect method for estimating China’s total fertility rate(TFR)and a demographic forecast method based on the parity progression ratio(PPR).Our analysis details the socioeconomic implications behind demographic change,and we have proposed public policy countermeasures.The findings include:(i)China’s ultra-low fertility rate over the past three decades has led to an increasingly aging society,and China’s future fertility rate is likely to continue to decrease.(ii)Around 2024,China’s total population is expected to peak at 1.407 billion,followed by chronic negative population growth at an accelerating pace.By 2050,China’s newborn population will shrink to 8.73 million and the aging population will increase to roughly 30%of the total population resulting in the total dependency ratio above 50%.(iii)With a falling birthrate and aging society,China will face unprecedented challenges with respect to education,employment,and pension.(iv)As a public policy response,China should remove birth control altogether.If the fertility rate continues to stall,policymakers should consider issuing policies to encourage birth and create a birth-friendly society for all birth cycles.

Dignity and its related factors among older adults in long-term care facilities:A cross-sectional study

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the dignity and related factors among older adults in long-term care facilities.Methods:Cross-sectional data were obtained from a sample of 253 Chinese older adults dwelling in long-term care facilities.Dignity among older adults was measured using the Dignity Scale,and its potential correlates were explored using multiple linear regressions.Results:Results showed that the total score of the Dignity Scale is 151.95±11.75.From high to low,the different factors of dignity among older adults in long-term care facilities were as follows:caring factors(4.83±0.33),social factors(4.73±0.41),psychological factors(4.66±0.71),value factors(4.56±0.53),autonomous factors(4.50±0.57),and physical factors(4.38±0.55).A higher score of the Dignity Scale was associated with higher economic status,fewer chronic diseases,less medication,better daily living ability and long-time lived in cities.Conclusion:Older adults with low economic status,more chronic diseases,and poor daily living ability,taking more medications,or the previous residence in rural areas seem to be most at low-level dignity in long-term care facilities and thus require more attention than their peers.

Problems of elderly health care and welfare arrangement --Case study of demand on elder care in northeastern of Thailand

This research attempted to explain the problems of elderly health care, the problems and suggestion in elder welfare arrangement and the demand on elder care. The survey underlying this study was conducted in Muang district, Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Eighteen subdistricts were interviewed in the study area. Data were collected in two areas of Khon Kaen province, that are, the city of Khon Kaen and the outside Thesaban Nakhon Khon Kaen. The random sample consisted of 386 elders： 112 elders lived in the city of Khon Kaen and 234 elders lived outside Thesaban Nakhon Khon Kaen, Muang district, Khon Kaen. The analysis of the demand on elderly welfare gave an interesting result that the elders demanded on monthly income to support living cost and medical services at high level; The demand on housing was at low level; The demand on education, religion and culture the demand on club, sport and entertainment, and the demand on job and art were at the moderate level; The main problem of elderly welfare arrangement was the scarcity of budget support, the weakness of elder health, and activities announcement. The analysis of pattern of elder welfare： The case study of elder care identified that 31.87 percent of the elders had demand on elder care. Price of the elder care at 100 Baht per day was mostly selected about one-fourth of all the case occurred. Female elder selected the elder care at 100 Baht per day, while male elder choose at a higher price level, which were 200 Baht per day and 150 Baht per day respectively. The female elder care was the most popular. The elder care age between 30-39 years was mostly selected. Finally, most of elders purposed the working day of the elder care depend on their appointment.

Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Thai elderly

Atrial fibrillation （AF） is an important health problem due to its association with serious complications.Ill Stroke is one of the most serious complications and is the leading cause of death and disabilities in this population. AF in- creases the risk of embolic stroke five times compared to general population. The prevalence of AF varies from 0.5%-15% depending on studied populations such as age,

A comprehensive health education plus monitoring support program for older adults with knee osteoarthritis coexisting with overweight and type 2 diabetes

Objectives:To examine the patient outcomes of a comprehensive health education plus village health volunteer monitoring support program on older adults with knee osteoarthritis who are overweight and have type 2 diabetes.Methods:Quasi-experimental,two-group,pretest-posttest design was applied.Using random geographic cluster sampling,older adults who met the inclusion criteria were assigned to two groups,62 in the intervention group and 71 in the control group.The intervention group received the comprehensive health education plus village health volunteer monitoring support program.The control group received only the comprehensive health education program.Study outcomes,including blood glucose level,knee pain and range of motion,body weight,physical ability(Timed Up and Go Test),fatigue,depressive symptoms,quality of sleep,and quality of life,were assessed at baseline,3 months,and 6 months after enrollment and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance.Results:One hundred and ten participants completed the study(55 participants in each group).Most patient outcomes in the two groups showed general improvement with statistical significance(P<0.001):pain decreased,physical ability improved,less depressive symptoms and fatigue,quality of life and sleep improved.The interaction effect(the group and time)demonstrated statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups on pain,knee range of motion,and fatigue according to each time follow-up(P<0.001).Conclusions:The comprehensive health education plus village health volunteer monitoring support program promotes good patient outcomes in this population.The integrated health education resource and support for older adults with knee osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes is an effective,non-surgical treatment that highlights professional nursing roles and non-professional rolesdvillage health volunteers.Nurses should consider implementing a health education plus monitoring support program to mitigate the effects of chronic diseases and improve patients’quality of life.

An 8-week reactive balance training program in older healthy adults： A preliminary investigation

Background： This preliminary study examined the effects of an 8-week supervised reactive balance training program on reaction time （RT） and foot speed, static balance and balance confidence in healthy older adults compared to an exercise control group. Methods： Twenty-five older adults were randomly assigned to a reactive balance training group （QuickBoard; n = 12; 71.0 ± 8.6 years） or a stationary cycling group （control; n = 13; 70.2 ± 6.0 years）. Both groups were tested for foot RT foot speed, static balance, and balance confidence at baseline, 4-week, 8-week, and 4-week follow-up. Results： Results indicated significant improvements in QuickBoard foot RT and speed in both groups with greater improvements in the QuickBoard group. However, no group difference was found in static balance performance. Conclusion： Although the improvements in RT and foot speed may be beneficial for fall and trip prevention, the implications of the current findings for trio avoidance and oerformance of daily tasks are unclear.

How to Improve Old People＇s Music-Learning Level in the Aging Society —— An analysis of old people＇s psychology in the learning of music

The world has paid more and more attention to the old people＇s life, physiology and mental health, which became a popular and hot issue that attracted the expert＇s sight. Questions of how to teach them, how to create a harmonious teaching environment, how to communicate with them about the key point and how to teach them in a more scientific way need to be considered and discussed further,

Avoidance of potentially harmful food cannot be socially transmitted between rats

The social transmission of food preferences （STFP） is a behavioural task of olfactory memory, in which an observer rat learns safe food odours from a demonstrator rat, and shows preference for this odour in a subsequent choice test. However, previous studies have failed to detect the transmission of information about food study, we tested how demonstrators＇ health affects the exchange of of potential danger and food aversion using STFP test. In this odour information and whether observers can learn danger information from an unhealthy demonstrator. As expected, the observer rat formed an odour preference after interacting with a demonstrator rat that had just eaten food containing a new odour, however, odour preference rather than aversion was also formed after interacting with a demonstrator rat injected with LiC1 （used to induce gastric malaise）. Furthermore, anaesthetized demonstrator rats and half-anaesthetized demonstrator rats, which showed obvious motor deficits suggesting an unhealthy state, also socially transmitted food preferences to observers. These results suggest that the social transmission of food preferences task is independent of a demonstrators＇ health, and that information about dangerous foods cannot be transmitted using this behavioural task.

Heart failure in the elderly

Heart failure （HF） is a major public health problem worldwide entailing high morbidity and mortality as well as high costs. This chronic syndrome associates with a low functional status and quality of life. Most patients with HF are elderly, constituting up to 80% of patients suffering from this disease with both incidence and prevalence of the condition increasing with age. This is due to the progressive aging of the population as well as improved and better survival after cardiac insults, such as myocardial infarction,

Using nutritional assessment to predict gender-specific risks of sarcopenia among the elderly receiving health check-up in Taipei

Quality of life for the elderly in an ageing society is receiving more attention than ever. After age 40, muscle mass loses at the rate of 3% to 8% every 10 years. More- over, the decline intensifies after 60 years old. Although many people do not experience changes in total body weight, their muscle mass is slowly replaced by body fat. Decreased muscle mass means lower muscle strength, which affects physical functioning. As a result, daily activities become con- strained, risks of fall and bone fracture elevated,

Effects of equine-assisted interventions on older adults’health:A systematic review

Objective:Equine-assisted interventions(EAI)can improve a variety of health problems in older adults and thus promote their well-being.This systematic review aimed to synthesize studies on EAI to understand better their effects on the health of older adults.Method:A systematic search guided by the PRISMA 2020 approach was performed on specific databases:Medline(PubMed),EMBASE,PsycINFO,and Cochrane Library.Peer-reviewed articles published in the English language from inception to June 2022 were retrieved.Methodological quality was established using the modified version of the Downs and Black checklist.Results:A total of 244 studies were retrieved,and 13 eligible studies were finally included.Three health domains were investigated:physical(balance,gait,and muscular strength),psychological(quality of life and cognitive assessment),and physiological(hormonal measures,cerebral and muscular activity).Among the eight studies investigating the physical dimension,four studies highlighted a positive effect of EAI on balance,four for gait,and three for strength.Regarding the three studies investigating the psychological dimension,two studies showed a positive effect of EAI on quality of life.Lastly,the four studies investigating the physiological dimensions all demonstrated a positive effect of EAI on hormonal measures and cerebral and muscular activity.Conclusion:Nevertheless,this systematic review provides promising findings regarding the positive effects of EAI on physical,psychological,and physiological health in older adults.Research on EAI should therefore be pursued rigorously to promote this non-pharmacological intervention in an older adult population.