[Objective]The study was carried out for providing good method to detect ratoon stunting disease（RSD）in virus-free seedcane of Saccharum officinarum.[Method]PCR method was used for the detection of RSD in virus-free...[Objective]The study was carried out for providing good method to detect ratoon stunting disease（RSD）in virus-free seedcane of Saccharum officinarum.[Method]PCR method was used for the detection of RSD in virus-free seedcane of sugarcane.[Result]During the different growth stages of healthy virus-free seedling including proliferation stage,rooting stage,sand culture stage and temporary planting stage,the RSD detection results were negative.PCR detection sensitivity in the present study showed that PCR could detect RSD pathogen in the solution with bacterium concentration 10-3.[Conclusion]PCR method showed a good specificity and higher sensitivity,so it was suitable for the batch detection in the production of healthy virus-free seedlings of sugarcane.展开更多
Healthcare fraud, waste, and abuse losses are estimated to be as much as $700 billion per year. These losses contribute to rapidly increasing healthcare costs for all Americans and the lack of healthcare or the malpra...Healthcare fraud, waste, and abuse losses are estimated to be as much as $700 billion per year. These losses contribute to rapidly increasing healthcare costs for all Americans and the lack of healthcare or the malpractice of healthcare for money motivations can result in death. The purpose of this article is to describe several different types of healthcare frauds that occurred and to offer suggestions related to the prevention and/or detection of this type of fraud. With a better understanding of the frauds that can take place, auditors can help protect society from both unfair healthcare costs and medical problems.展开更多
This paper aims to calculate Argentinean consumers＇ willingness to pay （WTP） for organic fresh chicken in the domestic market, by applying the Contingent Valuation approach and with a view to providing some useful ...This paper aims to calculate Argentinean consumers＇ willingness to pay （WTP） for organic fresh chicken in the domestic market, by applying the Contingent Valuation approach and with a view to providing some useful insights for promoting organic chicken production and consumption in Argentina. A binomial logit model was estimated using data from a consumer survey conducted in Buenos Aires City, Argentina. Willingness to pay is explained by the consumption of organic products, health risk perceptions, concerns about production processes and also regulation issues, and label reading. The WTP calculation reveals a mean value of 21.4%/kg and a median value of 19%/kg. These results indicate that organic chicken is positively valued by consumers. In fact, it provides the nutritional and product origin information that buyers require and they consider it a safer option than conventional chicken.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To observe long-term functional recovery after contralateral C7 transfer. METHODS: From August 1986 to July 2000, 224 patients with brachial plexus avulsion injuries were treated with contralateral C7 trans...OBJECTIVE: To observe long-term functional recovery after contralateral C7 transfer. METHODS: From August 1986 to July 2000, 224 patients with brachial plexus avulsion injuries were treated with contralateral C7 transfer in our department. Thirty-two patients were followed up for over 2 years for evaluation of the following items: 1 influence on healthy limb function; 2 sensory and motor recovery of the recipient nerves in the affected limb; and 3 coordination between the healthy and affected limbs. RESULTS: There was no impairment of healthy limb function. Functional recovery of the recipient area reached > or =M3 in 8 patients (8/10, 80%) after musculocutaneous nerve neurotization, > or =M3 in 4 patients (4/6, 66%) after radial nerve neurotization, > or = M3 in 7 patients (7/14, 50%) and > or = M3 in 12 patients (85.7%) after median nerve neurotization, and > or = M3 in 1 patients (1/2, 50%) after thoracodorsal nerve neurotization. Synchronic contraction of the affected limb with the healthy limb occurred within 2-3 years in 12 patients, within 5 years in 13 patients, and over 5 years in 7 patients. CONCLUSION: Contralateral C7 transfer is an ideal procedure for the treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion injury. Selection of the whole root or the posterior division as neurotizer and a staged operation are the major factors influencing treatment outcome.展开更多
基金Supported by Basic Research Found of Guangxi Sugarcane Institute(G2009006)~~
文摘[Objective]The study was carried out for providing good method to detect ratoon stunting disease（RSD）in virus-free seedcane of Saccharum officinarum.[Method]PCR method was used for the detection of RSD in virus-free seedcane of sugarcane.[Result]During the different growth stages of healthy virus-free seedling including proliferation stage,rooting stage,sand culture stage and temporary planting stage,the RSD detection results were negative.PCR detection sensitivity in the present study showed that PCR could detect RSD pathogen in the solution with bacterium concentration 10-3.[Conclusion]PCR method showed a good specificity and higher sensitivity,so it was suitable for the batch detection in the production of healthy virus-free seedlings of sugarcane.
文摘Healthcare fraud, waste, and abuse losses are estimated to be as much as $700 billion per year. These losses contribute to rapidly increasing healthcare costs for all Americans and the lack of healthcare or the malpractice of healthcare for money motivations can result in death. The purpose of this article is to describe several different types of healthcare frauds that occurred and to offer suggestions related to the prevention and/or detection of this type of fraud. With a better understanding of the frauds that can take place, auditors can help protect society from both unfair healthcare costs and medical problems.
文摘This paper aims to calculate Argentinean consumers＇ willingness to pay （WTP） for organic fresh chicken in the domestic market, by applying the Contingent Valuation approach and with a view to providing some useful insights for promoting organic chicken production and consumption in Argentina. A binomial logit model was estimated using data from a consumer survey conducted in Buenos Aires City, Argentina. Willingness to pay is explained by the consumption of organic products, health risk perceptions, concerns about production processes and also regulation issues, and label reading. The WTP calculation reveals a mean value of 21.4%/kg and a median value of 19%/kg. These results indicate that organic chicken is positively valued by consumers. In fact, it provides the nutritional and product origin information that buyers require and they consider it a safer option than conventional chicken.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe long-term functional recovery after contralateral C7 transfer. METHODS: From August 1986 to July 2000, 224 patients with brachial plexus avulsion injuries were treated with contralateral C7 transfer in our department. Thirty-two patients were followed up for over 2 years for evaluation of the following items: 1 influence on healthy limb function; 2 sensory and motor recovery of the recipient nerves in the affected limb; and 3 coordination between the healthy and affected limbs. RESULTS: There was no impairment of healthy limb function. Functional recovery of the recipient area reached > or =M3 in 8 patients (8/10, 80%) after musculocutaneous nerve neurotization, > or =M3 in 4 patients (4/6, 66%) after radial nerve neurotization, > or = M3 in 7 patients (7/14, 50%) and > or = M3 in 12 patients (85.7%) after median nerve neurotization, and > or = M3 in 1 patients (1/2, 50%) after thoracodorsal nerve neurotization. Synchronic contraction of the affected limb with the healthy limb occurred within 2-3 years in 12 patients, within 5 years in 13 patients, and over 5 years in 7 patients. CONCLUSION: Contralateral C7 transfer is an ideal procedure for the treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion injury. Selection of the whole root or the posterior division as neurotizer and a staged operation are the major factors influencing treatment outcome.
