政治制度的历史偶合性

历史制度主义认为,制度是牵引与维系各种规则、关系或场域的一种纽带,并以一种独特的结构被安置在特定的时空中。作为西方政治民主重要构件的欧美政党制度,就是在特定的历史时空下各种因素互动与作用的结果,在特征上颇具时代性与特殊性。欧美政党制度形成的历史偶合性警示我们要审慎对待制度的建构与移植,某些看上去精妙的东西可能并不是现实中最适宜的历史选择。

论如何公平解决商标权与企业名称权的偶合性冲突——对“保护在先合法权利人利益”原则的探讨

由于企业登记体制上的不同,商标权和企业名称权常发生冲突。我国目前处理这一冲突采取的“保护在先合法权利人利益”原则,有失平等、公平,应寻求具有社会合理性的解决办法。

历史变迁中的因果性与偶合性

此文介绍了历史社会学对历史变迁的因果性和偶合性的前沿认识,指出目前的研究多在关注两者的结合。作者介绍了自己对偶合性是否在因果上显著这一问题的初步理解。最后文章介绍了这些讨论对于历史比较中使用反事实推理和比较方法的启示。

试论公平解决商标权与企业名称权的偶合性冲突——对“保护在先合法权利人利益”原则的探讨

目前 ,我国对商标权与企业名称权的偶合性冲突也采用“保护在先合法权利人利益原则 ,不能体现社会正义 ,因此 。

义马煤田矿井冲击地压微震事件发生时间偶合性研究

义马煤田进入深部开采后,冲击地压事件频发,是我国冲击地压最为严重的矿区之一。通过汇总义马煤田内千秋煤矿、常村煤矿、跃进煤矿、杨村煤矿及耿村煤矿5对冲击地压矿井统一时间段的所有微震事件,并对这些微震事件发生的时间、地点、层位、相距距离及事件发生的相隔时差等要素进行综合分析,发现5对矿内部分事件发生存在时间偶合性,这些时间偶合的事件不是同一微震事件且并不是相对独立的微震事件,而是相邻矿井、采区、工作面的采掘扰动致采空区上覆岩层顶板活动的结果,表明目前国内相邻冲击地压矿井所采用的单矿微震监测预警已具有一定的局限性。研究为下一步国内冲击地压矿井推行矿间联合预警提供了可行性指导。

湖北省“土壤侵蚀内城现象”及景观格局

在空间上湖北省“土壤侵蚀内城”与“强土壤背景侵蚀区位”具有偶合性 ,两者共同形成“叠加效应”。受气候、地质、地貌分异控制 ,湖北省土壤侵蚀景观生态系统的整体结构具有空间不平衡性。南北分带、东西分块 ,以长江、江汉盆地为输沙沉积中心 ,土壤流分别从南、北向中部 ,由西向东依次下降 ,北部、南部土壤流呈现向中心轴带辐聚单流向特点 ,为一“不对称断块环”组合结构。“土壤侵蚀内城现象”

Performance of dynamically loaded journal bearings lubricated with couple stress fluids considering the elasticity of the liner

To take into account the couple stress effects, a modified Reynolds equation is derived for dynamically loaded journal beatings with the consideration of the elasticity of the liner. The numerical results show that the influence of couple stresses on the bearing characteristics is significant. Compared with Newtonian lubricants, lubricants with couple stresses increase the fluid film pressure, as a result enhance the load-carrying capacity and reduce the friction coefficient. However, since the elasticity of the liner weakens the couple stress effect, elastic liners yield a reduction in the load-carrying capacity and an increase in the friction coefficient. The elastic deformation of the bearing liner should be considered in an accurate performance evaluation of the journal bearing.

Studies on Linear and Nonlinear Intersubband Optical Absorptions in a Wurtzite AlGaN/GaN Coupling Quantum Well

Based on the density matrix approach and iterative procedure, a detailed procedure for the calculation of the linear and nonlinear intersubband optical absorption coefficients is given in wurtzite GaN-based coupling quantum wells （CQWs）. The simple analytical formulas for electronic eigenstates and the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients in the systems are also deduced. Numerical result on a typical A1GaN/GaN CQW shows that, the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients sensitively depend on the structural parameters of the CQW system as well as the incident optics beam intensity.

Efficient Syntheses of Permethylated Derivatives of Neolamellarin A,a Pyrrolic Marine Natural Product

The pyrrole-derived alkaloids with marine origin, especially their permethyl derivatives, have unique structures and promising biological activities. Marine natural product neolamellarins are a collection of lamellarin-like phenolic pyrrole compounds, which can inhibit hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation. Many pyrrole-derived lamellarin-like alkaloids show potent MDR reversing activity. In this study, five permethylated derivatives of neolamellarin A were synthesized with their MDR reversing activity studied in order to identify new MDR reversal agents. A convergent strategy was adopted to synthesize the permethylated derivatives of neolamellarin A. Pyrrole was first converted into a corresponding N-trisisopropylsilyl （TIPS）-substituted derivative, then through iodination afforded 3,4-diiodinated pyrrole compound. The key intermediate, 3,4-disubstituent-lH-pyrrole, was obtained through desilylation of 3,4-disubstituent-l-TIPS pyrrole, which was prepared from 3,4-diiodinated pyrrole derivative and aryl boronic acid ester through Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between them. Then, the intermediate, 3,4-disubstituent-lH-pyrrole, reacted with fresh phenylacetyl chloride under n-BuLi/THF condition afforded the target compounds. Finally, we obtained five novel pyrrolic com- pounds, permethylated derivatives ofneolamellarin A 16a-e, in 30%-37% yield through five step reactions. The bioactivity testing of these compounds are in process.

Investigation on Magnetic Properties of Exchange Coupled Transition Metal Complexes──I. Application of the Kambe's Theory

Magnetic susceptibility of a series of dinuclear Ⅴ(Ⅳ) . Co(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅲ) complexes has been measured in the temperature range of 1. 5 ～300K. The isotropic Heisenberg theory has been applied to study the temperature-dependent behaviour of the magnetic susceptibility of these complexes and a corresponding program for fitting the experimental results has been set up on a VAX 11/785 computer. Conclusions can be drawn that the three complexes studied are all anti-ferromagnetically coupled with coupling constants -4. 4 , -115. 2 , and - 8. 4 cm￣(-1) for Ⅴ(Ⅳ) . Co(Ⅱ) ,and Mn(Ⅲ) complexes, respectively.

Preparation and Characterization of Polyimide Attached with Azo-dye Chromophore Side Chain

In order to improve the nonlinear optical property and stability of azo-dye chromophore, the nonlinear optical polyimide (NLOPI) attached with azo chromophore side chain is synthesized by diazo coupling reaction of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafloroborate. The designed chemical structure of production can be proved in the infrared spectrum and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum. The NLOPI exhibited UV-Vis absorption of the azobenzene chromophore in the vicinity of the wavelengths of 330 and 490 nm. The broad amorphous peak proved that the NLOPI was amorphous with a little periodical structure along the side chain. According to transmission electron microscope, the NLOPI film was homogeneous. NLOPI only displayed a decrease in mass of about 5% at the temperature of 400 ℃ through thermogravimetric analysis.

The bond graph model of planar flexible multibody mechanical systems and its dynamic principle

In order to increase the efficiency and reliability of the dynamic analysis for flexible planar linkage containing the coupling of multi-energy domains, a method based on bond graph is introduced. From the viewpoint of power conservation, the peculiar property of bond graph multiport element MTF is discussed. The procedure of modeling planar flexible muhibody mechanical systems by bond graphs and its dynamic principle are deseribed. To overcome the algebraic difficulty brought by differential causality anti nonlinear junction structure, the constraint forces at joints can be considered as unknown effort sources and added to the corresponding O-junctions of system bond graph model. As a result, the automatic modeling on a computer is realized. The validity of the procedure is illustrated by a practical example.

Preparation, Characterization and Biological Activity Studies of New Azo Compounds

A new series of azo were derived from 2,5-di（p-amino phenyl）-3,6-diphenyl pyrazine in the presence of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, p-amino salicylic acid, p-methoxy phenol and pmethyl phenol. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined on the basis of their FTIR, UV （ultraviolet）, elemental analysis and H-NMR （H-nuclear magnetic resonance） spectral date. The purity of synthesized compounds was checked by performing TLC （thin layer chromatography）. The antibacterial activity was evaluated in DMSO （dimethyl sulfoxide）.

High-throughput studies and machine learning for design of β titanium alloys with optimum properties

Based on experimental data,machine learning(ML) models for Young's modulus,hardness,and hot-working ability of Ti-based alloys were constructed.In the models,the interdiffusion and mechanical property data were high-throughput re-evaluated from composition variations and nanoindentation data of diffusion couples.Then,the Ti-(22±0.5)at.%Nb-(30±0.5)at.%Zr-(4±0.5)at.%Cr(TNZC) alloy with a single body-centered cubic(BCC) phase was screened in an interactive loop.The experimental results exhibited a relatively low Young's modulus of(58±4) GPa,high nanohardness of(3.4±0.2) GPa,high microhardness of HV(520±5),high compressive yield strength of(1220±18) MPa,large plastic strain greater than 30%,and superior dry-and wet-wear resistance.This work demonstrates that ML combined with high-throughput analytic approaches can offer a powerful tool to accelerate the design of multicomponent Ti alloys with desired properties.Moreover,it is indicated that TNZC alloy is an attractive candidate for biomedical applications.

String Cosmological Solutions with O(d,d) Duality Symmetry and Matter Coupling

The duality properties of string cosmology model with negative energy matter are investigated by means of renormalization group equation,the cosmological solutions with exotic matter coupling are obtained in D=d+1 dimensional space-time.These inflation-power solutions can describe accelerated and decelerated process in the early universe,and the duality solutions can be generated through O(d,d) transformations.

Fragmented condensates of singly trapped dipolar Bose gases

By employing the method of the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons,we investigate the ground state properties of a singly trapped dipolar gas of spinless bosons.We show that the repulsive interactions favor the formation of the fragmented ground state.In particular,we find the formation of the fragmented state is mainly due to the interaction energies associated with the one-and two-particle exchanges between orbitals.We also obtain the stability diagram of the system and find that the stability of the system is significantly enhanced by the appearance of the fragmentation.

Porous polymer supported palladium catalyst for cross coupling reactions with high activity and recyclability

Porous polymer supported palladium catalyst for cross coupling reactions with high activity has been successfully prepared by coordination of Pd 2+ species with Schiff bases functionalized porous polymer. The catalyst has been systemically investi-gated by a series of characterizations such as TEM, N 2 adsorption, NMR, IR, XPS, etc. TEM and N 2 isotherms show that the sample maintains the nanoporous structure after the modification and coordination. XPS results show that chemical state of palladium species in the catalyst is mainly +2. More importantly, the catalyst shows very high activities and excellent recycla-bility in a series of coupling reactions including Suzuki, Sonogashira, and Heck reactions. Hot filtration and poison of catalysts experiments have also been performed and the results indicate that soluble active species (mainly Pd(0) species) in-situ gener-ated from the catalyst under the reaction conditions are the active intermediates, which would redeposit to the supporter after the reactions.

Tuning the molecular size of site-specific interferon-polymer conjugate for optimized antitumor efficacy

The covalent attachment of protein-resistant polymers to therapeutic proteins is a widely used method for extending their in vivo half-lives; however, the effect of molecular weight of polymer on the in vitro and in vivo functions of protein-polymer conjugates has not been well elucidated. Herein we report the effect of molecular weight of poly（oligo（ethylene glycol） methyl ether methacrylate） （POEGMA） on the in vitro and in vivo properties of C-termi- nal interferon-alpha （IFN）-POEGMA conjugates. Increasing the molecular weight of POEGMA decreased the in vitro activity of IFN-ct but increased its thermal stability and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Intriguingly, the in vivo antitumor efficacy of IFN-a was increased by increasing the POEGMA molecular weight from ca. 20 to 60 kDa, but was not further increased by increasing the molecular weight of POEGMA from ca. 60 to 100 kDa due to the neutralization of the improved pharmacokinetics and the reduced in vitro activity. This finding offers a new viewpoint on the molecular size rationale for designing next-generation protein-polymer conjugates, which may benefit patients by reducing admin- istration frequency and adverse reactions, and improving therapeutic efficacy.