为改善二氧化硅(SiO_2)在聚苯乙烯(PS)复合材料中的分散性和获得良好的界面特征,以苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)和3-甲氧基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)为单体,通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法合成接枝大分子偶联剂。通过...为改善二氧化硅(SiO_2)在聚苯乙烯(PS)复合材料中的分散性和获得良好的界面特征,以苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)和3-甲氧基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)为单体,通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法合成接枝大分子偶联剂。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外光谱(UV)、核磁共振(~1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、热失重(TGA)对接枝大分子偶联剂进行表征,并对比研究不同分子量的偶联剂对PS/SiO_2复合材料的性能影响。实验结果表明:大分子偶联剂改性后PS/SiO_2复合材料的界面相容性得到显著改善,冲击强度达到3.92 k J×m^(-2),比未经偶联剂处理过的复合材料提高了198.25%。展开更多
Photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))evolution using covalent organic frameworks(COFs)is an attractive and promising avenue for exploration,but one of its big challenges is low photo-induced charge separation.In this study,w...Photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))evolution using covalent organic frameworks(COFs)is an attractive and promising avenue for exploration,but one of its big challenges is low photo-induced charge separation.In this study,we present a straightforward and facile dipole polarization engineering strategy to enhance charge separation efficiency,achieved through atomic modulation(O,S,and Se)of the COF monomer.Our findings demonstrate that incorporating atoms with varying electronegativities into the COF matrix significantly influences the local dipole moment,thereby affecting charge separation efficiency and photostability,which in turn affects the rates of photocatalytic H_(2) evolution.As a result,the newly developed TMT-BO-COF,which contains highly electronegative O atoms,exhibits the lowest exciton binding energy,the highest efficiency in charge separation and transportation,and the longest lifetime of the active charges.This leads to an impressive average H_(2) production rate of 23.7 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1),which is 2.5 and 24.5 times higher than that of TMT-BS-COF(containing S atoms)and TMT-BSe-COF(containing Se atoms),respectively.A novel photocatalytic hydrogen evolution mechanism based on proton-coupled electron transfer on N in the structure of triazine rings in vinylene-linked COFs is proposed by theoretical calculations.Our findings provide new insights into the design of highly photoactive organic framework materials for H_(2) evolution and beyond.展开更多
In this paper, based on the characteristics of polar codes, a new decode-and-forward strategy called generalized partial information relaying protocol is proposed for degraded multiple-relay networks with orthogonal r...In this paper, based on the characteristics of polar codes, a new decode-and-forward strategy called generalized partial information relaying protocol is proposed for degraded multiple-relay networks with orthogonal receiver components(MRNORCs). In such a protocol, with the help of partial information from previous nodes, each relay node tries to recover the received source message and re-encodes part of the decoded message for transmission to satisfy the decoding requirements for the following relay node or the destination node. In order to construct practical polar codes, the nested structures are developed based on this protocol and the information sets corresponding to the partial messages forwarded are also calculated. The proposed scheme is proved to be capable of achieving the theoretical capacity of the degraded MRN-ORCs while still retains the low-complexity feature of polar codes. We perform simulations to testify the practicability of the proposed scheme and compare polar codes by using successive-cancellation list decoder(SCLD) with traditional low-density parity-check(LDPC) codes. The results show that the obtained polar codes provide significant gain.展开更多
Let G be a finite group and let S（possibly, contains the identity element） be a subset of G. The Bi-Cayley graph BC（G, S） is a bipartite graph with vertex set G × { 0,1} and edge set {（g, 0） （sg,1） ： g∈...Let G be a finite group and let S（possibly, contains the identity element） be a subset of G. The Bi-Cayley graph BC（G, S） is a bipartite graph with vertex set G × { 0,1} and edge set {（g, 0） （sg,1） ： g∈ G, s ∈ S}. A graph is said to be super-connected ff every minimum vertex cut isolates a vertex. A graph is said to be hyper-connected if every minimum vertex cut creates two components, one of which is an isolated vertex. In this paper, super-connected and/or hyper-connected cubic Bi-Cayley graphs are characterized.展开更多
The sea surface height anomaly(SSHA) signals leading the fall Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) are investigated. The results suggest that, prior to the IOD by one year, a positive SSHA emerges over the western-central tropica...The sea surface height anomaly(SSHA) signals leading the fall Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) are investigated. The results suggest that, prior to the IOD by one year, a positive SSHA emerges over the western-central tropical Pacific(WCTP), which peaks during winter(January-February-March, JFM), persists into late spring and early summer(April-May-June, AMJ), and becomes weakened later on. An SSHA index, referred as to SSHA_WCTP, is defined as the averaged SSHA over the WCTP during JFM. The index is not only significantly positively correlated with the following-fall(September-October-November, SON) IOD index, but also is higher than the autocorrelation of the IOD index crossing the two different seasons. The connection of SSHA_ WCTP with following-summer rainfall in China is then explored. The results suggest that higher(lower) SSHA_ WCTP corresponds to increased(reduced) rainfall over southern coastal China, along with suppressed(increased) rainfall over the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River, North China, and the Xinjiang region of northwestern China. Mechanistically, following the preceding-winter higher(lower) SSHA_WCTP, the South Asia High and the Western Pacific Subtropical High are weakened(intensified), which results in the East Asian summer monsoon weakening(intensifying). Finally, the connection between SSHA_WCTP and El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is analyzed. Despite a significant correlation, SSHA_WCTP is more closely connected with summer rainfall. This implies that the SSHA_WCTP index in the preceding winter is a more effective predictor of summer rainfall in comparison with ENSO.展开更多
Triboelectric nanogenerators （TENGs） have been demonstrated as an effective way to harvest mechanical energy to drive small electronics. The density of triboelectric charges generated on contact surfaces between two...Triboelectric nanogenerators （TENGs） have been demonstrated as an effective way to harvest mechanical energy to drive small electronics. The density of triboelectric charges generated on contact surfaces between two distinct materials is a critical factor for dictating the output power. We demonstrate an approach to effectively tune the triboelectric properties of materials by taking advantage of the dipole moment in polarized polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF）, leading to substantial enhancement of the output power density of the TENG. The output voltage ranged from 72 V to 215 V under a constant contact force of 50 N. This work not only provides a new method of enhancing output power of TENGs, but also offers an insight into charge transfer in contact electrification by investigating dipole-moment-induced effects on the electrical output of TENGs.展开更多
For a vertex operator algebra V with conformal vector w, we consider a class of vertex operator subalgebras and their conformal vectors. They are called semi-conformal vertex operator subalgebras and semi- conformal v...For a vertex operator algebra V with conformal vector w, we consider a class of vertex operator subalgebras and their conformal vectors. They are called semi-conformal vertex operator subalgebras and semi- conformal vectors of （V, w）, respectively, and were used to study duality theory of vertex operator algebras via coset constructions. Using these objects attached to （V,w）, we shall understand the structure of the vertex operator algebra （V,w）. At first, we define the set Sc（V,w） of semi-conformal vectors of V, then we prove that Sc（V,w） is an aiYine algebraic variety with a partial ordering and an involution map. Corresponding to each semi-conformal vector, there is a unique maximal semi-conformal vertex operator subalgebra containing it. The properties of these subalgebras are invariants of vertex operator algebras. As an example, we describe the corresponding varieties of semi-conformal vectors for Heisenberg vertex operator algebras. As an application, we give two characterizations of Heisenberg vertex operator algebras using the properties of these varieties.展开更多
Recently, the LHCb collaboration reported the first evidence for the decay B08 →μ＋μ-. A branching ratio of （B08 →μ＋μ-） = （3.2＋1.5-1.2） x 10-9 is given. Using the newest data, and together with the most pr...Recently, the LHCb collaboration reported the first evidence for the decay B08 →μ＋μ-. A branching ratio of （B08 →μ＋μ-） = （3.2＋1.5-1.2） x 10-9 is given. Using the newest data, and together with the most precise predictions of the Standard Model contributions to the decay, we derive the constraints on the combinations of the R-parity violating parameters. Our results are several orders of magnitudes stronger than the constraints in the previous literature. We also update the constraints on the relevant parameters using the upper limit of B（B08 →μ＋μ-）.展开更多
The optical effect of a nanometer or sub-nanometer interfacial layer of condensed molecules surrounding individual nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） has been studied theoretically and exp...The optical effect of a nanometer or sub-nanometer interfacial layer of condensed molecules surrounding individual nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） has been studied theoretically and experimentally. This interfacial layer, when illuminated by light, behaves as an optical dipole lattice and contributes an instantaneous near field which enhances the local field on neighboring atoms, molecules, or nanomaterials, which in turn may lead to enhanced Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, and fluorescence. The theory of this interface dipole enhanced effect （IDEE） predicts that a smaller distance between the nanomaterials and the plane of the interracial layer, or a larger ratio of the dielectric constants of the interfacial layer to the surrounding medium, will result in a larger field enhancement factor. This prediction is further experimentally verified by several implementations of enhanced Rayleigh scattering of SWCNTs as well as in situ Rayleigh scattering of gradually charged SWCNTs. The interface dipole enhanced Rayleigh scattering not only enables true-color real-time imaging of nanomaterials, but also provides an effective means to peer into the subtle interfacial phenomena.展开更多
文摘为改善二氧化硅(SiO_2)在聚苯乙烯(PS)复合材料中的分散性和获得良好的界面特征,以苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)和3-甲氧基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)为单体,通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法合成接枝大分子偶联剂。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外光谱(UV)、核磁共振(~1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、热失重(TGA)对接枝大分子偶联剂进行表征,并对比研究不同分子量的偶联剂对PS/SiO_2复合材料的性能影响。实验结果表明:大分子偶联剂改性后PS/SiO_2复合材料的界面相容性得到显著改善,冲击强度达到3.92 k J×m^(-2),比未经偶联剂处理过的复合材料提高了198.25%。
文摘Photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))evolution using covalent organic frameworks(COFs)is an attractive and promising avenue for exploration,but one of its big challenges is low photo-induced charge separation.In this study,we present a straightforward and facile dipole polarization engineering strategy to enhance charge separation efficiency,achieved through atomic modulation(O,S,and Se)of the COF monomer.Our findings demonstrate that incorporating atoms with varying electronegativities into the COF matrix significantly influences the local dipole moment,thereby affecting charge separation efficiency and photostability,which in turn affects the rates of photocatalytic H_(2) evolution.As a result,the newly developed TMT-BO-COF,which contains highly electronegative O atoms,exhibits the lowest exciton binding energy,the highest efficiency in charge separation and transportation,and the longest lifetime of the active charges.This leads to an impressive average H_(2) production rate of 23.7 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1),which is 2.5 and 24.5 times higher than that of TMT-BS-COF(containing S atoms)and TMT-BSe-COF(containing Se atoms),respectively.A novel photocatalytic hydrogen evolution mechanism based on proton-coupled electron transfer on N in the structure of triazine rings in vinylene-linked COFs is proposed by theoretical calculations.Our findings provide new insights into the design of highly photoactive organic framework materials for H_(2) evolution and beyond.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41574137, 41304117)
文摘In this paper, based on the characteristics of polar codes, a new decode-and-forward strategy called generalized partial information relaying protocol is proposed for degraded multiple-relay networks with orthogonal receiver components(MRNORCs). In such a protocol, with the help of partial information from previous nodes, each relay node tries to recover the received source message and re-encodes part of the decoded message for transmission to satisfy the decoding requirements for the following relay node or the destination node. In order to construct practical polar codes, the nested structures are developed based on this protocol and the information sets corresponding to the partial messages forwarded are also calculated. The proposed scheme is proved to be capable of achieving the theoretical capacity of the degraded MRN-ORCs while still retains the low-complexity feature of polar codes. We perform simulations to testify the practicability of the proposed scheme and compare polar codes by using successive-cancellation list decoder(SCLD) with traditional low-density parity-check(LDPC) codes. The results show that the obtained polar codes provide significant gain.
文摘Let G be a finite group and let S（possibly, contains the identity element） be a subset of G. The Bi-Cayley graph BC（G, S） is a bipartite graph with vertex set G × { 0,1} and edge set {（g, 0） （sg,1） ： g∈ G, s ∈ S}. A graph is said to be super-connected ff every minimum vertex cut isolates a vertex. A graph is said to be hyper-connected if every minimum vertex cut creates two components, one of which is an isolated vertex. In this paper, super-connected and/or hyper-connected cubic Bi-Cayley graphs are characterized.
基金jointly supported by the Strategic Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA11010401)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant Nos.2012CB417403 and 2015CB453202)
文摘The sea surface height anomaly(SSHA) signals leading the fall Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) are investigated. The results suggest that, prior to the IOD by one year, a positive SSHA emerges over the western-central tropical Pacific(WCTP), which peaks during winter(January-February-March, JFM), persists into late spring and early summer(April-May-June, AMJ), and becomes weakened later on. An SSHA index, referred as to SSHA_WCTP, is defined as the averaged SSHA over the WCTP during JFM. The index is not only significantly positively correlated with the following-fall(September-October-November, SON) IOD index, but also is higher than the autocorrelation of the IOD index crossing the two different seasons. The connection of SSHA_ WCTP with following-summer rainfall in China is then explored. The results suggest that higher(lower) SSHA_ WCTP corresponds to increased(reduced) rainfall over southern coastal China, along with suppressed(increased) rainfall over the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River, North China, and the Xinjiang region of northwestern China. Mechanistically, following the preceding-winter higher(lower) SSHA_WCTP, the South Asia High and the Western Pacific Subtropical High are weakened(intensified), which results in the East Asian summer monsoon weakening(intensifying). Finally, the connection between SSHA_WCTP and El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is analyzed. Despite a significant correlation, SSHA_WCTP is more closely connected with summer rainfall. This implies that the SSHA_WCTP index in the preceding winter is a more effective predictor of summer rainfall in comparison with ENSO.
文摘Triboelectric nanogenerators （TENGs） have been demonstrated as an effective way to harvest mechanical energy to drive small electronics. The density of triboelectric charges generated on contact surfaces between two distinct materials is a critical factor for dictating the output power. We demonstrate an approach to effectively tune the triboelectric properties of materials by taking advantage of the dipole moment in polarized polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF）, leading to substantial enhancement of the output power density of the TENG. The output voltage ranged from 72 V to 215 V under a constant contact force of 50 N. This work not only provides a new method of enhancing output power of TENGs, but also offers an insight into charge transfer in contact electrification by investigating dipole-moment-induced effects on the electrical output of TENGs.
基金supported by the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201208410122)
文摘For a vertex operator algebra V with conformal vector w, we consider a class of vertex operator subalgebras and their conformal vectors. They are called semi-conformal vertex operator subalgebras and semi- conformal vectors of （V, w）, respectively, and were used to study duality theory of vertex operator algebras via coset constructions. Using these objects attached to （V,w）, we shall understand the structure of the vertex operator algebra （V,w）. At first, we define the set Sc（V,w） of semi-conformal vectors of V, then we prove that Sc（V,w） is an aiYine algebraic variety with a partial ordering and an involution map. Corresponding to each semi-conformal vector, there is a unique maximal semi-conformal vertex operator subalgebra containing it. The properties of these subalgebras are invariants of vertex operator algebras. As an example, we describe the corresponding varieties of semi-conformal vectors for Heisenberg vertex operator algebras. As an application, we give two characterizations of Heisenberg vertex operator algebras using the properties of these varieties.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China under the Grant Nos, 11075168, 11228512, and 11235005, and the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant No. 101-2811-M-001-060
文摘Recently, the LHCb collaboration reported the first evidence for the decay B08 →μ＋μ-. A branching ratio of （B08 →μ＋μ-） = （3.2＋1.5-1.2） x 10-9 is given. Using the newest data, and together with the most precise predictions of the Standard Model contributions to the decay, we derive the constraints on the combinations of the R-parity violating parameters. Our results are several orders of magnitudes stronger than the constraints in the previous literature. We also update the constraints on the relevant parameters using the upper limit of B（B08 →μ＋μ-）.
文摘The optical effect of a nanometer or sub-nanometer interfacial layer of condensed molecules surrounding individual nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） has been studied theoretically and experimentally. This interfacial layer, when illuminated by light, behaves as an optical dipole lattice and contributes an instantaneous near field which enhances the local field on neighboring atoms, molecules, or nanomaterials, which in turn may lead to enhanced Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, and fluorescence. The theory of this interface dipole enhanced effect （IDEE） predicts that a smaller distance between the nanomaterials and the plane of the interracial layer, or a larger ratio of the dielectric constants of the interfacial layer to the surrounding medium, will result in a larger field enhancement factor. This prediction is further experimentally verified by several implementations of enhanced Rayleigh scattering of SWCNTs as well as in situ Rayleigh scattering of gradually charged SWCNTs. The interface dipole enhanced Rayleigh scattering not only enables true-color real-time imaging of nanomaterials, but also provides an effective means to peer into the subtle interfacial phenomena.
