宋人所撰苏轼年谱研究

现存苏轼年谱有三种 ,施谱较为详明 ,又专设时事、出处两栏 ,将人物活动置于广阔的历史环境里 ,是为创例。傅谱、王谱长于考索人物仕履与诗歌系年 ,但对谱主的交游、唱和等情况缺乏研究 。

Fe-Mn/Al_2O_3 catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH_3

A series of Fe‐Mn/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared and studied for low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3 in a fixed‐bed reactor. The effects of Fe and Mn on NO conversion and the deactivation of the catalysts were studied. N2 adsorption‐desorption, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to character‐ize the catalysts. The 8Fe‐8Mn/Al2O3 catalyst gave 99%of NO conversion at 150？？ and more than 92.6%NO conversion was obtained in a wide low temperature range of 90–210？？. XPS analysis demonstrated that the Fe3＋was the main iron valence state on the catalyst surface and the addition of Mn increased the accumulation of Fe on the surface. The higher specific surface area, enhanced dispersion of amorphous Fe and Mn, improved reduction properties and surface acidity, lower binding energy, higher Mn4＋/Mn3＋ratio and more adsorbed oxygen species resulted in higher NO conversion for the 8Fe‐8Mn/Al2O3 catalyst. In addition, the SCR activity of the 8Fe‐8Mn/Al2O3 cata‐lyst was only slightly decreased in the presence of H2O and SO2, which indicated that the catalyst had better tolerance to H2O and SO2. The reaction temperature was crucial for the SO2 resistance of catalyst and the decrease of catalytic activity caused by SO2 was mainly due to the sulfate salts formed on the catalyst.

Taxonomy characterization and cadmium biosorption of fungus strain

The taxonomy characteriazation and cadmium （Cd） biosorption of the high Cd-resistant fungus M1 were investigated. The internal transcribed spacers （ITS） region and β-tubulin genes of the strain were amplified, sequenced and analyzed by molecular biology technology. The Cd biosorption assay was performed by shaking flask. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the mycelium. The similarity of gene sequences and phylogenetic trees show the very close relation between the strain and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and the fungus M1 was identified as P. Lilacinus. The initial pH 6 and Cd concentration about 100 mg/L are optimum. Zn and Mn have a little effect on the Cd biosorption of the strain, while Cu and Pb present obvious effects. FTIR analysis shows that the fungus adsorbs Cd by esters, anhydride, and amide. With the preferable absorption capacity, fungus M1 is considered to have good prospects in bioremediation.

Carbonization mechanism of bamboo (phyllostachys) by means of Fourier Transform Infrared and elemental analysis

通过测定在200-600℃炭化竹材得到的固体产物的碳、氢、氧元素的含量及它们的红外光谱,研究了在炭化过程中竹材中半纤维素、纤维素及木素的变化规律。结果表明,结合元素分析,红外光谱分析方法是研究竹材炭化机理的有效手段。在200℃以前,竹材中的半纤维素和纤维素的大量羟基断裂,并结合成水而失去。在200-250℃之间,竹材中的纤维素被降解,其中的吡喃型环也遭到破坏。并且木素中的甲氧基也被脱去。竹材中的木素网状结构在250-400℃之间遭到完全的破坏。竹炭中的碳原子在600℃已基本上完成了芳环化。图3表2参15。

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral Difference of Leaf Tips in Rice Related to Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to detect the spectral difference among leaf tips from rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants with different nitrogen fertilizer rates. The proposed spectral index, ( A 3400 - A 1653 )/( A 3400 + A 1653 ) ( A denotes absorption value at certain frequency (cm -1 )), was found to decline with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rates and the results suggested that FTIR may be useful to diagnose nitrogen status in crops.

Analysis on the time variation and cycle of observed Argo profile data

The remote sensing data which are used by marine fishery forecast only can get the information of ocean surface, while Argo data can provide fishery forecast with temperature and saltinity data of deeper area. To use Argo data in cycle, we need to compute its circle to improve the quality of forecast. In 2001- 2008, the longer circle was 62.7 days and 117.5 days, and the shorter circle was 4.9 days and 9.8 days, which were obtained by power spectrum estimation. And there was an unobvious circle of 7 days. There existed big changes in observed profile data amount between years and within a year.

Detection of Broad Bean Diseases by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Curve Fitting

Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy was used to study diseased leaves in broad bean. Results showed that the infrared spectra of different broad bean diseased leaves were similar, which were mainly made up of the vibrational absorption bands of protein,lipid and polysaccharide.There were minor differences in-cluding the spectral peak position, peak shape and the absorption intensity in the range of 1 800-1 300 cm-1. There were obvious differences among their second derivative spectra in the range of 1 800-1 300 cm-1. After the procedure of the Fourier self-deconvolution and curve fitting of health bean leaves and broad bean diseased leaves in the range of 1 700-1 500 cm-1, three sub-peaks were obtained at 1 550 cm-1 （protein amide Ⅱ band）, 1 605 cm-1 （lignin） and 1 650 cm-1 （protein amide I band）.The ratios of relative areas of the bands of amide Ⅱ, lignin, and amide I were 38.86%, 28.68% and 32.47% in the spectra of healthy leaves, respec-tively. It was distinguished from the diseased leaves （chocolate spot leaf： 15.42%, 42.98% and 41.61%, ring spot leaf：32.39%, 35.63% and 31.98%, rust leaf： 13.97%, 46.40% and 39.65%, yel owing leaf curl disease leaf： 24.01%,36.55% and 39.44%）. For sub-peak area ratios （A1 563/A1 605, A1 650/A1 605 and A1 563/A1 654）, those of four kinds of diseased leaves were smal er than that of healthy leaves, and there were also differences among four kinds of diseased leaves. The results proved that FTIR combining with curve fitting might be a potential y useful tool for detecting different kinds of broad bean diseases.

Evidence of Casparian Strip in the Foliar Endodermis of Pinus bungeana

利用荧光显微镜对白皮松 (PinusbungeanaZucc.)针叶内皮层结构进行深入观察 ,确认内皮层径向壁和横向壁上具有能够激发荧光的带状结构 ;用纤维素酶和果胶酶对内皮层充分酶解分离后 ,首次从叶中得到类似于根部内皮层特有的网状结构 ;应用傅立叶变换红外光谱分光术 (FTIR)对网状结构进行化学成分鉴定 ,其吸收光谱的分析结果表明 ,针叶内皮层细胞壁带状结构部分含有木质素、木栓质、纤维素和细胞壁蛋白等 ,而这些成分与针叶维管组织的成分不尽相同。上述证据表明 ,白皮松针叶内皮层细胞壁具有与根部内皮层相似的凯氏带结构。

Fourier Spectrometer based on Wide-range and Phase-locked Michelson Interferometer with Femtosecond Laser Excitation

A wide-range and phase-locked Michelson interferometer technique is described. This technique combined with femtosecond laser is used to measure the spectrum of the rare-earth ion Nd：YVO4, which presents very high signal to noise ratio of interferometric intensity output and higher spectral resolution than traditional grating spectrophotometer.

Preparation and Characterization of Solid Dispersions of Silymarin with Polyethylene Glycol 6000

Aim To prepare and characterize solid dispersions of silymarin with the intention of improving their dissolution properties. Methods The solid dispersions were prepared by the fusion method with polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG 6000) as the carrier. Evaluation of the properties of the dispersions was performed using dissolution studies, X ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectroscopy. Results The rate of dissolution of silymarin was considerably improved as compared with pure silymarin when formulated in solid dispersions with PEG 6000. The data of the X ray diffraction showed some changes in the parameters of lattice spacing [ d ], peak position and relative intensities. FT IR together with those from X ray diffraction showed the absence of well defined drug polymer interactions. Conclusion The dissolution improvement of poorly soluble silymarin could be illuminated by the changes of the lattice parameters of PEG 6000 and the drug.

Comparative Study on the Infrared Spectra of Straight Guard Hairs of Leopard Cat and Golden Cat

[Objective] The paper was to compare the infrared spectra of straight guard hairs of leopard cat and golden cat. [Method] The straight guard hairs of leopard cat and golden cat were detected and analyzed by FTIR （Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy）. [Result] There was significant interspecific difference in the infrared spectra and second derivative spectra for the middle part of guard hair. An evident M-shaped bimodal absorption peak appeared in golden cat at 648 and 654 cm-1, respectively, while did not appear in leopard cat. The second derivative spec-tra of golden cat at wave numbers from 709 to 763 cm -1 were mainly unimodal peaks with strong peak intensity, while that of leopard cat mainly was M-shaped bi-modal absorption peak with weak peak intensity. It indicated that there was obvious difference in the structure of protein side chain in guard hairs of these two animals. [Conclusion] The FTIR analysis showed great application foreground in the study of animal hairs for interspecific identification.

Performance evaluation and chemical property analysis of RWMA binders with 100% artificial reclaimed asphalt

The performance evaluation and chemical property analysis of the recycled warm mix asphalt （RWMA） binders containing 100% artificial reclaimed asphalt （ RA） are presented, and the combined effects of different percentages of the rejuvenator and warm mix additive （WMA） additives on RWMA binders are analyzed through laboratory tests. Three types of WMA additives ad one commercial rejuvenator named GST were selected to restore the artificial RA. The laboratory performace tests including the penetration test, softening test ad rotary, viscosity （RV） test were carried out. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） test was performed to explore the chemical property of RWMA binders. The results of the performance tests indicate that the rejuvenator GST has the ability to restore the artificial RA; choosing the optimum content of WMA additives and rejuvenator is the key to restoring 100% artificial RA, since the combined effects of them play an important role in determining the basic laboratory performance of RWMA binders. The FTIR tests show that the process of recycling mainly adjusts the chemical component of aged asphalt and no remarkable change is observed in the FTI1R spectra of RWMA binders in terms of chemical functional groups with the introduction of WMA additives.

Study on FTIR Spectra of Corn Germs and Endosperms of Three Different Colors Combining with Cluster Analysis

[Objective] This research aimed to study the FTIR spectra of corn germs and endosperms so as to provide a scientific way for identifying corn of different types. [Method] The corn germs and endosperms of three types were studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） technology, combined with cluster analysis. [Result] The overall characteristics of original FTIR spectra were basically similar within the range of 700-1 800 cm^-1. The FTIR spectra were mainly composed by the absorption peaks of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. Within the wavelength range of 700-1 800 cm^-1, there were only tiny differences in original FTIR spectra among the corn germs and endosperms of three different types. The spectra were then processed by using first derivative and second derivative. The second derivative spectra were used for hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）. The results showed that with the wavelength range of 700-1 800 cm^-1, the second derivative spectra of the 52 samples could be better clustered according to the tree types and corn germ and corn endosperm. The clustering correct rate reached 96.1%.[Conclusion] FTIR technology, combined with cluster analysis, can be used to identify different types of corn germs and endosperms, and it is characterized by convenience and rapidness.

Study on Methanol Oxidation at Pt and PtRu Electrodes by Combining in situ Infrared Spectroscopy and Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry

Methanol oxidation reaction （MOR） at Pt and Pt electrode surface deposited with various amounts of Ru （denoted as PtxRuy, nominal coverage y is 0.17, 0.27, and 0.44 ML） in 0.1 mol/L HClO4＋0.5 mol/L MeOH has been studied under potentiostatic conditions by in situ FTIR spectroscopy in attenuated-total-reflection con guration and di erential electro-chemical mass spectrometry under controlled flow conditions. Results reveal that （i） CO is the only methanol-related adsorbate observed by IR spectroscopy at all the Pt and PtRu electrodes examined at potentials from 0.3 V to 0.6 V （vs. RHE）; （ii） at Pt0.56Ru0.44, two IR bands, one from CO adsorbed at Ru islands and the other from COL at Pt substrate are detected, while at other electrodes, only a single band for COL adsorbed at Pt is observed; （iii） MOR activity decreases in the order of Pt0.73Ru0.27〉Pt0.56Ru0.44〉Pt0.83Ru0.17〉Pt; （iv） at 0.5 V, MOR at Pt0.73Ru0.27 reaches a current e ciency of 50% for CO2 production, the turn-over frequency from CH3OH to CO2 is ca. 0.1 molecule/（site sec）. Suggestions for further improving of PtRu catalysts for MOR are provided.

Spectral Differences of the Molecule-ion Adducts of β-Cyclodextrin and Lithium Carbonate

A small shielding effect on the hydrogen atoms of chiral carbons of β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） was detected by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, but a large environmental change of the chiral carbon atoms at high concentration ratios of lithium carbonate （Li2CO3） to β-CD was observed by polarimetry in aqueous solution. These findings urged us to investigate whether different formation conditions of the molecule-ion system between Li2CO3 and β-CD in solid state were involved in different spectral performances. To answer the question, we prepared three adducts of Li2CO3 to β-CD, i.e., samples 1, 2, and 3, by magnetic stirring, solvothermal and grinding conditions, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy provided the information of formation of the three molecule-ion adducts. Besides, scanning electron microscope images provided different surface information of the three adducts. Further, significant spectral differences in thermal behavior of these adducts were found by thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry.

Characterization of Pyrolytic Lignin Extracted from Bio-oil

Bio-oil is a new liquid fuel produced by fast pyrolysis,which is a promising technology to convert bio-mass into liquid. Pyrolytic lignin extracted from bio-oil,a fine powder,contributes to the instability of bio-oil. The paper presents the structural features of three kinds of pyrolytic lignin extracted from bio-oil with different methods(WIF,HMM,and LMM) . The pyrolytic lignin samples are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) . FTIR data indicate that the three pyrolytic lignin samples have similar functional groups,while the absorption intensity is different,and show characteristic vibra-tions of typical lignocellulosic material groups O H(3340-3380 cm-1) ,C H(2912-2929 cm-1) and C O(1652-1725 cm-1) . Comparison in the region(3340-3380 cm-1) indicates that WIF has more O H stretch groups than HMM and LMM. The carbon spectra are fitted to four peaks:C1,C C or C H,BE 283.5 eV;C2,C OR or C OH,BE 284.5-285.8 eV;C3,C O or HO C OR,BE 286.10-287.10 eV;C4,O C O,BE 287.5-287.7 eV. The absence of C1,C C or C H indicates the dominant polymerization structure of aro-matic carbon in pyrolytic lignin samples. For HMM and WIF,C2a and C2b can not be separated,so there is no free hydroxyl group in the samples. The oxygen peaks are also fitted to four peaks:O1,OH,BE = 530.3 eV;O2,RC O,BE 531.45-531.72 eV;O3,O C O,BE = 532.73-533.74 eV;O4,H2O,BE 535 eV. The absence of O1 and O4 indicates that little hydroxyl groups and adsorbed water are present in the samples.

Controlled release and enhanced antibacterial activity of salicylic acid by hydrogen bonding with chitosan

Microcapsules of salicylic acid （SA） with chitosan were prepared by spray drying method. Various analytical methods were used to characterize the nature of microcapsules. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） confirmed the presence of intermolecular interactions between chitosan and SA. Particle size analysis showed that the average size ofmicrocapsules ranged from 2 to 20 pro, Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） studies indicated that the microspheres were spherical and had a relatively smooth surface. Microbiological assay of antibacterial activity for SA and its microcapsules was measured using different bacterial strains. It was found that the antibacterial activity of SA was improved after the formation of microcapsules. The in vitro release profile showed that the microcapsules could control SA release from I h to 4 h. Kinetic studies revealed that the release pattern follows Korsmeyer-Peppas mechanism. Enhanced antibacterial activity of the SA micro- capsules was attributed to the synergistic effects of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions N-H...O and O-H...O=C between SA and chitosan. It was also confirmed by quantum chemical calculation.

FTIR Characterization of the Secondary Structure of Insulin Encapsulated within Liposome

Aim To determine the secondary structure of insulin encapsulated withinliposome. Methods The secondary structure of native insulin, mixture of insulin with liposome(sample Ⅰ) and insulin encapsulated within liposome( sample Ⅱ) were determined by FTIR (FourierTransform Infrared) spectroscopy. Results The secondary structure of insulin encapsulated withinliposome(Ⅱ) are similar with the secondary structure of native insulin. The difference existed inthe amount of α-helices (from 36% of insulin to 31% of sample Ⅱ) and β-sheet(from 48% of insulinto 51% of sample Ⅱ). The content of α-helices and β-sheet of insulin in sample Ⅰ was found to bevery close to that of sample Ⅱ. The results revealed that the insulin encapsulated within liposomepossibly spread on the surface of liposome, without inserting into the liposome membrane.Conclusion The secondary structure of insulin encapsulated within liposome is similar with thenative insulin.

EVALUATION OF POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY OF PASSIVE INTERMODULATION DISTORTION IN HIGH-POWER COMMUNICATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

In order to analyze the deleterious effects of Passive InterModulation (PIM) on high power communication satellite systems, the basic concept of PIM is introduced, and an equation for the power spectral density of the n-th order PIM distortion insuch systems is derived by applying flat signal-power spectrum assumption and Fourier transform method. It is indicated that PIM level generally decreases with order and the lowest frequency receive channel in the receive band is the channel of most affected by PIM interference.

Adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions by activated carbon with oxygen-containing functional groups

The adsorption of aqueous cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)) have been investigated for modified activated carbon(AC-T)with oxygen-containing functional groups.The oxygen-containing groups of AC-T play an important role in Cd(Ⅱ) ion adsorption onto AC-T.The modified activated carbon is characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results of batch experiments indicate that the maximal adsorption could be achieved over the broad pH range of 4.5 to 6.5.Adsorption isotherms and kinetic study suggest that the sorption of Cd(Ⅱ) onto AC-T produces monolayer coverage and that adsorption is controlled by chemical adsorption.And the adsorbent has a good reusability.According to the FT-IR and XPS analyses,electrostatic attraction and cation exchange between Cd(Ⅱ) and oxygen-containing functional groups on AC-T are dominant mechanisms for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption.