The surface of ZrO2 nanoparticles was modified by styrene coupling grafting method to improve the dispersion and interaction of the nanoparticles with the epoxy coating in which the modified ZrO2 nanoparticles were us...The surface of ZrO2 nanoparticles was modified by styrene coupling grafting method to improve the dispersion and interaction of the nanoparticles with the epoxy coating in which the modified ZrO2 nanoparticles were used as an additive. The grafting performance and microstructure of the nano- ZrO2/epoxy coating were analyzed by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion behavior of the nano-ZrO2/epoxy coating on mild steel was evaluated in neutral 3.5 wt% NaC1 solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Both the coating capacitance and coating resistance fitted by the equivalent circuit from EIS were used to evaluate the protective performance of the coating towards the mild steel. The results show a superior stability and efficient corrosion protection by the modified ZrO2 nanoparticles. The epoxy coating containing 2 wt% modified ZrO2 nanoparticles exhibited the best corrosion performance among all the coating specimens. This research may provide an insight into the protection of mild steel using modified epoxy coatings.展开更多
Pyrolusite reduction processes by three major biomass components cellulose,hemicelluloses and lignin,represented by CP,HP and LP,respectively,were investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transf...Pyrolusite reduction processes by three major biomass components cellulose,hemicelluloses and lignin,represented by CP,HP and LP,respectively,were investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(TG-FTIR).The Sestak-Berggren(SB) equation was used to evaluate the kinetics of reduction processes.TG analysis reveals that the main reduction processes occur at 250-410 ℃,220-390 ℃,and 190-410 ℃ for CP,HP,and LP,respectively.FT-IR and XRD results indicate that various reducing volatiles(e.g.aldehydes,furans,ketones and alcohols) are produced from the pyrolysis with the three major components,which directly reduce MnO_2 in ore to MnO.The processes are described by the SB equation with three parameters(m,n,p).Their non-zero values suggest that pyrolusite reduction is controlled by the diffusion of reducing gaseous products through an ash/inert layer associated with minerals.The apparent activation energies for pyrolusite reduction by CP,HP and LP are 40.48,25.70 and 40.10 kJ·mol^(-1),respectively.展开更多
In order to improve the thermal stability of condensed polynuclear aromatic(COPNA) resin synthesized from vacuum residue, 1,4-benzenedimethanol was added to cure COPNA resin. The curing mechanism was investigated by p...In order to improve the thermal stability of condensed polynuclear aromatic(COPNA) resin synthesized from vacuum residue, 1,4-benzenedimethanol was added to cure COPNA resin. The curing mechanism was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, solid carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Microstructures of the uncured and the cured COPNA resins were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The thermal stability of COPNA resins before and after curing was tested by thermogravimetric analysis. The element composition of the cured COPNA resin heated at different temperatures was analyzed by an element analyzer. The results showed that the uncured COPNA resin reacted with the cross-linking agent during the curing process, and the curing mechanism was confirmed to be the electrophilic substitution reaction. Compared with the uncured COPNA resin, the cured COPNA resin had a smooth surface, well-ordered and streamlined sheet structure with more crystalline solids, better molecular arrangement and orientation. The weight loss process of the uncured and cured COPNA resins was divided into three stages. Carbon residue of the cured COPNA resin was 41.65% at 600 ℃, which was much higher than 25.02% of the uncured COPNA resin, which indicated that the cured COPNA resin had higher thermal stability.展开更多
Reverse flotation technology is one of the most efficient ways to improve the quality and reduce impurity of iron concentrate. Mineral processors dealing with hematite face a challenge that the flotation results of re...Reverse flotation technology is one of the most efficient ways to improve the quality and reduce impurity of iron concentrate. Mineral processors dealing with hematite face a challenge that the flotation results of reverse flotation of hematite are poor in presence of siderite using fatty acid as collector, starch as depressant of iron minerals and calcium ion as activator of quartz at strong alkaline pH. In this work, the effect of siderite on reverse anionic flotation of quartz from hematite was investigated. The effect mechanism of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite was studied by solution chemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). It was observed that siderite had strong depressive effect on quartz in flotation using sodium oleate as collector, corn starch as depressant of iron minerals and calcium chloride as activator of quartz at strong alkaline pH. The starch was adsorbed onto calcium carbonate by chemical reaction which was formed by CO^(2-)_3 from siderite dissolution and Ca^(2+) from calcium chloride as activator of quartz and precipitated on the surface of quartz, which resulted in improving the hydrophilic ability of quartz.展开更多
Heparin was grafted onto polycarbonate urethane (PCU) surface via a three-step procedure utilizing α, ωdiamino-poly(ethylene glycol) (APEG, M n =2 000) as a spacer. In the first step, isocyanate functional groups we...Heparin was grafted onto polycarbonate urethane (PCU) surface via a three-step procedure utilizing α, ωdiamino-poly(ethylene glycol) (APEG, M n =2 000) as a spacer. In the first step, isocyanate functional groups were introduced onto PCU surface by the treatment of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in the presence of di-n-butyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst. In the second step, APEG was linked to the PCU surface to obtain the APEG conjugated PCU surface (PCU-APEG). In the third step, heparin was covalently coupled with PCU-APEG in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamidopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC). The amount of heparin (1.639 μg/cm 2 ) covalently immobilized on the PCU-APEG surface was determined by the toluidine blue method. The modified surface was characterized by water contact angle, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hemocompatibility was preliminarily studied by platelet adhesion test. The results indicated that heparin was successfully grafted onto the PCU surface, and meanwhile the hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility of the modified PCU surface were improved significantly compared with the blank PCU surface.展开更多
SiC films were prepared by heating polystyrene/Si(111) in normal pressure argon atmosphere at different temperatures. The films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectr...SiC films were prepared by heating polystyrene/Si(111) in normal pressure argon atmosphere at different temperatures. The films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared absorption measurements. The thicknesses of SiC films were calculated from FTIR spectra. The growth kinetics of the growth process of SiC films were investigated as well. The thicknesses of the SiC films grown for 1 h with increasing growth temperatures have different trends in the three temperature ranges: increasing slowly (1200-1250 ℃), increasing quickly (1250- 12.70 ℃), and decreasing (1270-1300 ℃). The apparent activation energies of the growth process of SiC films in the three ranges were calculated to be 122.5,522.5, and -127.5 J/mol respectively. Mechanisms of the different growth processes were discussed. The relation between film thicknesses and growth temperatures indicated that the growth process was a 2D mechanism in the first range and 3D mechanism in the second range. In the third range, the thicknesses of SiC films were decreased by the volatility of Si and C atoms.展开更多
The adsorption capacity of activated carbon modified with KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) for Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was investigated. The modified activated carbon was characterized by SEM (scanning electro...The adsorption capacity of activated carbon modified with KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) for Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was investigated. The modified activated carbon was characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer), and N2 adsorption/desorption tests. Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution onto the activated carbon was investigated in a batch system. In the present study, the effect of various parameters such as pH, contact time and initial concentration on the adsorption capacity were determined by ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry). The Cr(VI) adsorption on the activated carbon conforms to the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption equation. The rates of adsorption were found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetic. The modified activated carbon can be an effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) from the aqueous solution.展开更多
Preparation of thermoplastic elastomer of Polypropylene-SIR 10 rubber blends with addition of DCP (dicumil peroxide) as initiator and DVB (divinylbenzene) as a crosslinker has been done. Blends of Polypropylene-SI...Preparation of thermoplastic elastomer of Polypropylene-SIR 10 rubber blends with addition of DCP (dicumil peroxide) as initiator and DVB (divinylbenzene) as a crosslinker has been done. Blends of Polypropylene-SIR 10 rubber with variation of weight 60/40 (w/w), 50/50 (w/w) and 40/60 (w/w) with variation concentration of DCP and DVB 1 phr, 2 phr and 3 phr were mixed into internal mixer at temperature 180 ℃. Then, the blends were pressed at 185 ℃ and specimen were molded according to the ASTM D638. The characterization were carried out based on tensile strength testing, crosslink percentage, morphology surface analysis with SEM and fungtional group analysis with FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red). The result showed that the blends of Polypropilene-SIR 10 rubber 60/40 (w/w) with 2 phr DCP and 1 phr DVB posses a higher tensile strength with value 1.37 Kgf/mm2 and value of elongation at break 17.58%, and value of percentage crosslink 82.4%. The result of morphology test with SEM showed that the blend was well homogenous. Spectra analysis with FT-IR has shown physical interaction among components of the blends.展开更多
In this work, the authors present a study of dye absorption in TiO2 doped with CNTs (carbon nanotubes). Absorption decreases exponentially with the increase of CNTs in the film, while morphological characterization,...In this work, the authors present a study of dye absorption in TiO2 doped with CNTs (carbon nanotubes). Absorption decreases exponentially with the increase of CNTs in the film, while morphological characterization, conducted by SEM (scanning electron microscope) and TEM (transmission electron microscope) microscopes, suggests that this behavior is strongly related to morphological structure of grown films. For CNTs amounts greater than 1%, the authors observe the formation of CNTs clusters randomly distribute on TiO2 bulk, which strongly reduces the film porosity quenching the dye absorption. Comparison with optical properties of CNT/TiO2 filmstudied in the previous work, suggest that the best level of doping is with 0.5% of CNTs. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) measurements conducted on a series of pristine and doped samples clearly indicate the absence of change in allotropic species of TiO2, while AFM (atomic force microscope) analysis indicates that the sample roughness strongly changes with doping, preventing the dye adsorption. Finally, measurements of cell efficiency indicate an increase of 5% in cells with 0.5% of CNT doping and a decrease for greater values.展开更多
It is of considerable importance to investigate the influence of weathering on the degradation processes of heat-treated wood. Kiln-dried (untreated)jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and jack pine heat-treated at three ...It is of considerable importance to investigate the influence of weathering on the degradation processes of heat-treated wood. Kiln-dried (untreated)jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and jack pine heat-treated at three different temperatures (190 ℃, 200 ℃, and 210 ℃) were exposed to artificial weathering for different periods in order to understand the degradation processes due to weathering. Before and after exposure, their color and wettability by water were determined. Structural changes and chemical modifications at exposed surfaces were also investigated using SEM (scanning electron spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The results revealed that the photo-degradation of lignin and the presence of extractives play important roles in color change and wetting behavior of heat-treated wood surfaces during weathering. The structural changes also influence the wettability. The effects of weathering for woods heat-treated under different conditions were similar, but different from those for untreated wood.展开更多
In this study, three hymexazol-linked chitosan derivatives (HML-CS) were synthesized and their structures confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and elemental analysis. Linkage ratios were measured by high performa...In this study, three hymexazol-linked chitosan derivatives (HML-CS) were synthesized and their structures confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and elemental analysis. Linkage ratios were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The derivatives' antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fimgi Rhizoctonia solani CGMCC 3.28 and Gibberella zeae CGMCC 3.42 were investigated at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/L. These HML-CS derivatives exhibited stronger antifungal activity than CS alone. HML-CS-1 showed the best antifizngal activity against G. zeae, whose antifimgal index was 65.9% at 400 mg/L, and also showed the best antifungal activity against R. solani, whose antifimgal index was 52.7% at 400 mg/L. This conjugation of CS and HML suggested the presence of synergistic effects between the moieties and indicated that these derivatives possessed great potential as novel fungicides and require further research for the development of applications in crop protection.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation(No.201005028)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period of China(No.2012BAB15B01)
文摘The surface of ZrO2 nanoparticles was modified by styrene coupling grafting method to improve the dispersion and interaction of the nanoparticles with the epoxy coating in which the modified ZrO2 nanoparticles were used as an additive. The grafting performance and microstructure of the nano- ZrO2/epoxy coating were analyzed by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion behavior of the nano-ZrO2/epoxy coating on mild steel was evaluated in neutral 3.5 wt% NaC1 solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Both the coating capacitance and coating resistance fitted by the equivalent circuit from EIS were used to evaluate the protective performance of the coating towards the mild steel. The results show a superior stability and efficient corrosion protection by the modified ZrO2 nanoparticles. The epoxy coating containing 2 wt% modified ZrO2 nanoparticles exhibited the best corrosion performance among all the coating specimens. This research may provide an insight into the protection of mild steel using modified epoxy coatings.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21166003)the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20114501110004)
文摘Pyrolusite reduction processes by three major biomass components cellulose,hemicelluloses and lignin,represented by CP,HP and LP,respectively,were investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(TG-FTIR).The Sestak-Berggren(SB) equation was used to evaluate the kinetics of reduction processes.TG analysis reveals that the main reduction processes occur at 250-410 ℃,220-390 ℃,and 190-410 ℃ for CP,HP,and LP,respectively.FT-IR and XRD results indicate that various reducing volatiles(e.g.aldehydes,furans,ketones and alcohols) are produced from the pyrolysis with the three major components,which directly reduce MnO_2 in ore to MnO.The processes are described by the SB equation with three parameters(m,n,p).Their non-zero values suggest that pyrolusite reduction is controlled by the diffusion of reducing gaseous products through an ash/inert layer associated with minerals.The apparent activation energies for pyrolusite reduction by CP,HP and LP are 40.48,25.70 and 40.10 kJ·mol^(-1),respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51172285 and 51372277)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(14CX02060A,15CX02084A)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2011EL030)
文摘In order to improve the thermal stability of condensed polynuclear aromatic(COPNA) resin synthesized from vacuum residue, 1,4-benzenedimethanol was added to cure COPNA resin. The curing mechanism was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, solid carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Microstructures of the uncured and the cured COPNA resins were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The thermal stability of COPNA resins before and after curing was tested by thermogravimetric analysis. The element composition of the cured COPNA resin heated at different temperatures was analyzed by an element analyzer. The results showed that the uncured COPNA resin reacted with the cross-linking agent during the curing process, and the curing mechanism was confirmed to be the electrophilic substitution reaction. Compared with the uncured COPNA resin, the cured COPNA resin had a smooth surface, well-ordered and streamlined sheet structure with more crystalline solids, better molecular arrangement and orientation. The weight loss process of the uncured and cured COPNA resins was divided into three stages. Carbon residue of the cured COPNA resin was 41.65% at 600 ℃, which was much higher than 25.02% of the uncured COPNA resin, which indicated that the cured COPNA resin had higher thermal stability.
基金Project(51374079) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Reverse flotation technology is one of the most efficient ways to improve the quality and reduce impurity of iron concentrate. Mineral processors dealing with hematite face a challenge that the flotation results of reverse flotation of hematite are poor in presence of siderite using fatty acid as collector, starch as depressant of iron minerals and calcium ion as activator of quartz at strong alkaline pH. In this work, the effect of siderite on reverse anionic flotation of quartz from hematite was investigated. The effect mechanism of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite was studied by solution chemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). It was observed that siderite had strong depressive effect on quartz in flotation using sodium oleate as collector, corn starch as depressant of iron minerals and calcium chloride as activator of quartz at strong alkaline pH. The starch was adsorbed onto calcium carbonate by chemical reaction which was formed by CO^(2-)_3 from siderite dissolution and Ca^(2+) from calcium chloride as activator of quartz and precipitated on the surface of quartz, which resulted in improving the hydrophilic ability of quartz.
基金Supported by International Cooperation from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2008DFA51170)Science and Technology Project of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.08ZCKFSF03300)
文摘Heparin was grafted onto polycarbonate urethane (PCU) surface via a three-step procedure utilizing α, ωdiamino-poly(ethylene glycol) (APEG, M n =2 000) as a spacer. In the first step, isocyanate functional groups were introduced onto PCU surface by the treatment of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in the presence of di-n-butyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst. In the second step, APEG was linked to the PCU surface to obtain the APEG conjugated PCU surface (PCU-APEG). In the third step, heparin was covalently coupled with PCU-APEG in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamidopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC). The amount of heparin (1.639 μg/cm 2 ) covalently immobilized on the PCU-APEG surface was determined by the toluidine blue method. The modified surface was characterized by water contact angle, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hemocompatibility was preliminarily studied by platelet adhesion test. The results indicated that heparin was successfully grafted onto the PCU surface, and meanwhile the hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility of the modified PCU surface were improved significantly compared with the blank PCU surface.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50672095).
文摘SiC films were prepared by heating polystyrene/Si(111) in normal pressure argon atmosphere at different temperatures. The films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared absorption measurements. The thicknesses of SiC films were calculated from FTIR spectra. The growth kinetics of the growth process of SiC films were investigated as well. The thicknesses of the SiC films grown for 1 h with increasing growth temperatures have different trends in the three temperature ranges: increasing slowly (1200-1250 ℃), increasing quickly (1250- 12.70 ℃), and decreasing (1270-1300 ℃). The apparent activation energies of the growth process of SiC films in the three ranges were calculated to be 122.5,522.5, and -127.5 J/mol respectively. Mechanisms of the different growth processes were discussed. The relation between film thicknesses and growth temperatures indicated that the growth process was a 2D mechanism in the first range and 3D mechanism in the second range. In the third range, the thicknesses of SiC films were decreased by the volatility of Si and C atoms.
文摘The adsorption capacity of activated carbon modified with KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) for Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was investigated. The modified activated carbon was characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer), and N2 adsorption/desorption tests. Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution onto the activated carbon was investigated in a batch system. In the present study, the effect of various parameters such as pH, contact time and initial concentration on the adsorption capacity were determined by ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry). The Cr(VI) adsorption on the activated carbon conforms to the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption equation. The rates of adsorption were found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetic. The modified activated carbon can be an effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) from the aqueous solution.
文摘Preparation of thermoplastic elastomer of Polypropylene-SIR 10 rubber blends with addition of DCP (dicumil peroxide) as initiator and DVB (divinylbenzene) as a crosslinker has been done. Blends of Polypropylene-SIR 10 rubber with variation of weight 60/40 (w/w), 50/50 (w/w) and 40/60 (w/w) with variation concentration of DCP and DVB 1 phr, 2 phr and 3 phr were mixed into internal mixer at temperature 180 ℃. Then, the blends were pressed at 185 ℃ and specimen were molded according to the ASTM D638. The characterization were carried out based on tensile strength testing, crosslink percentage, morphology surface analysis with SEM and fungtional group analysis with FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red). The result showed that the blends of Polypropilene-SIR 10 rubber 60/40 (w/w) with 2 phr DCP and 1 phr DVB posses a higher tensile strength with value 1.37 Kgf/mm2 and value of elongation at break 17.58%, and value of percentage crosslink 82.4%. The result of morphology test with SEM showed that the blend was well homogenous. Spectra analysis with FT-IR has shown physical interaction among components of the blends.
文摘In this work, the authors present a study of dye absorption in TiO2 doped with CNTs (carbon nanotubes). Absorption decreases exponentially with the increase of CNTs in the film, while morphological characterization, conducted by SEM (scanning electron microscope) and TEM (transmission electron microscope) microscopes, suggests that this behavior is strongly related to morphological structure of grown films. For CNTs amounts greater than 1%, the authors observe the formation of CNTs clusters randomly distribute on TiO2 bulk, which strongly reduces the film porosity quenching the dye absorption. Comparison with optical properties of CNT/TiO2 filmstudied in the previous work, suggest that the best level of doping is with 0.5% of CNTs. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) measurements conducted on a series of pristine and doped samples clearly indicate the absence of change in allotropic species of TiO2, while AFM (atomic force microscope) analysis indicates that the sample roughness strongly changes with doping, preventing the dye adsorption. Finally, measurements of cell efficiency indicate an increase of 5% in cells with 0.5% of CNT doping and a decrease for greater values.
文摘It is of considerable importance to investigate the influence of weathering on the degradation processes of heat-treated wood. Kiln-dried (untreated)jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and jack pine heat-treated at three different temperatures (190 ℃, 200 ℃, and 210 ℃) were exposed to artificial weathering for different periods in order to understand the degradation processes due to weathering. Before and after exposure, their color and wettability by water were determined. Structural changes and chemical modifications at exposed surfaces were also investigated using SEM (scanning electron spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The results revealed that the photo-degradation of lignin and the presence of extractives play important roles in color change and wetting behavior of heat-treated wood surfaces during weathering. The structural changes also influence the wettability. The effects of weathering for woods heat-treated under different conditions were similar, but different from those for untreated wood.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41306071)the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(No.201305016-2)the Science and Technology Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2012GHY11530)
文摘In this study, three hymexazol-linked chitosan derivatives (HML-CS) were synthesized and their structures confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and elemental analysis. Linkage ratios were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The derivatives' antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fimgi Rhizoctonia solani CGMCC 3.28 and Gibberella zeae CGMCC 3.42 were investigated at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/L. These HML-CS derivatives exhibited stronger antifungal activity than CS alone. HML-CS-1 showed the best antifizngal activity against G. zeae, whose antifimgal index was 65.9% at 400 mg/L, and also showed the best antifungal activity against R. solani, whose antifimgal index was 52.7% at 400 mg/L. This conjugation of CS and HML suggested the presence of synergistic effects between the moieties and indicated that these derivatives possessed great potential as novel fungicides and require further research for the development of applications in crop protection.