不同植被恢复类型枯落物储量及持水性分析

采用实地调查测试方法,分析退耕地不同植被恢复后基于人为经营和自然更新下林地枯落物状况。结果表明,退耕还林近5年苦竹+扁穗牛鞭草植被恢复类型林地枯落物储量达8.663 6 t/hm2,桦木+扁穗牛鞭草和杂交竹+扁穗牛鞭草林地枯落物量分别为1.953 2和1.997 8 t/hm2,此量已接近森林植被类型的枯落物储量,与原农耕地经营模式存在质的区别;退耕地枯落物最大持水深分别达到3.681 9、0.747 6和0.659 5 mm,已经相当于部分常绿阔叶林的枯落物储水量,初步显示退耕还林后植被系统的结构优势和系统水土保持效益的发挥。

祁连山老虎沟流域产汇流特征分析

为了研究老虎沟流域冰川产汇流特征,根据老虎沟流域2009年消融期4-10月的气象与水文观测资料,采用排除和不排除降水对冰雪消融产流影响的方法,对老虎沟流域融水径流的产流特征、白天和夜晚径流特征、径流的滞后效应进行了分析。结果表明:5-9月各月流量占到整个消融期流量的比例分别为7%、26%、33%、19%、14%。降水对河流的产流贡献率约为22%,冰雪融水和地下水对河流的产流贡献率为78%。观测期内,除5月外,白天流量全部大于晚上流量,而且6-8月白天和夜晚径流之间的差值较大。老虎沟冰川区以裸冰消融为主,冰面湖较少而且小,汇流较快,储水性能并不明显。5-9月流量峰值和谷值平均分别滞后气温7.0 h、3.5 h、2.5 h、2.5 h和4.5 h,冰川排水系统也随着流量变化经历慢速-快速-慢速的变化过程。

不同保水剂对石膏性能的影响

本文研究半水石膏中掺入甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、糊精和膨润土四种保水剂后石膏基料浆保水性及凝固件储水性与强度的变化趋势。结果表明:掺入0.5%甲基纤维素时石膏基料浆保水性最好,扩展直径和滤纸吸水率分别为81 cm和52 mg/cm2;掺入保水剂可提高石膏基凝固件水分保持率,延长水分保持时间;掺入保水剂后凝固件强度明显降低,掺入25%膨润土后凝固件抗折和抗压强度值分别仅为3.02 MPa和5.96 MPa,分别为纯石膏凝固件的41.83%和37.94%。掺入沙粒后会加快凝固件中水分释放速率并降低凝固件强度。

火成岩储水性浅析

为对火成岩隧道工程的涌突水进行准确的预测预报,从岩性、岩相、裂隙、构造和成岩作用等方面,分析影响火成岩储水空间和性能的因数。在此基础上,结合实际涌突水情况,分析泥巴山隧道火成岩储水性影响因素和储水特征。发现其储水性主要受构造作用影响,储水部位为构造裂隙发育地段,但在其它因素的影响下,岩体储水性发生变化,导致涌突水位置、涌水量和涌水类型相应的变化。

强降雨气候下海绵城市防涝景观植被的选取试验

海绵城市建设中绿色雨水设施的运用应因地制宜,目前防涝景观植被的选取方法并不能符合在强降雨气候下海绵城市的气象、水文、土壤要求。为此,提出一种强降雨气候下海绵城市内景观植被的最优选取方法。通过Meyer方法求解平均曲率并进行归一化处理,引入视觉特征度,对防涝景观植被视觉敏感区域的信息进行最大保留;利用霍夫变换原理获取的防涝景观植被特征直线替代特征点的方式计算防涝景观植被区域储水性参数,依据景观植被的视觉敏感性与储水性完成对海绵城市内景观植被的最优选取。实验结果表明,采用本文方法对市内防涝景观植被进行最优选取,实现了防涝景观植被的合理配置,缓解了城市生态压力。

高透水生态路面的开发——聚氨酯碎石透水路面的工艺结构与性能

作为缓解城市内涝等城市生态问题的良方,聚氨酯碎石透水路面采用聚氨酯配合碎石结构,实现了高透水生态路面所要求的透水性高、储水性、滤水性、冻融稳定性好的要求,并具有防倒灌、环保、易用、美观、舒适、耐老化等特点。

Strength and energy exchange of deep sandstone under high hydraulic conditions

To investigate the influence of confining pressure and pore water pressure on strength characteristics,energy storage state and energy release intensity at peak failure of deep sandstone,a series of triaxial compression tests under hydraulic coupling conditions are carried out.By analyzing the process of rock deformation and failure,the stress thresholds of the rock are obtained.The change trend of total energy density,elastic energy density and dissipated energy density of deep sandstone in the pre-peak stage is obtained by the graphical integration method.By comparing the dynamic energy storage level of rocks under different confining pressures,the influence of pore water pressure on the energy dissipation at stress thresholds of crack closure stress,crack initiation stress,crack damage stress and peak stress is analyzed.Based on the ratio of pre-peak total energy density to post-peak total energy density,the interaction mechanism of confining pressure and pore water pressure for the rock burst proneness of deep sandstone is studied.The experimental results show that the peak stress of sandstone increases with the increase of confining pressure,while the existence of pore water pressure can weaken the peak stress of sandstone.In the stress stage from crack closure stress to peak stress,the dynamic energy storage level of rock presents a trend of the inverse“check mark”.Meanwhile,the larger the confining pressure,the higher the energy storage level of rock.However,the pore water pressure increases the degree of energy dissipation of rock and reduces the energy storage capacity of rock,and the degree of dissipation is linear with pore water pressure.The increase of confining pressure aggravates the instability and failure of deep sandstone,while pore water pressure has the opposite effect.The research results will provide necessary data support for the stability analysis of rock mass excavation in sandstone stratum under high stress and high pore water pressure.

机器人自动喷涂断枪漏喷问题及预警措施建立研究

汽车工业生产已经大规模地应用机器人作业,使用机器人进行车身表面喷涂既能提高喷涂质量,又能极大地降低人工成本。喷涂机器人的广泛应用,也积累了很多现场问题及其解决思路和方法。文章对机器人自动喷涂过程中出现机器人正常执行工艺喷涂作业,但是不出漆的断枪漏喷问题进行详细阐述,并对其成因进行分析,提出解决思路和预警措施。

Study of Water Injection Efficiency through Modern Geological-Mathematical Models in Guneshly Field

Guneshli is a unique oil field for.its huge oil reserves. Fasila layer is one of the main productive series with more than 3,300 tons of oil production per year. It is an important task to continue efficently develop this object. Development of Fasila was analysed based on geological-mathematical models, production performance was predicted through use of advanced ＂evolution＂ modeling program. In addition, the impact of water injection from deep water Guneshly was identified and relavant proposals were put forward.

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of an Installed Multiunit Seasonal Thermal Energy Store

The financial viability of a solar STES （seasonal thermal energy store） installed in a mixed commercial and residential multiunit development of low-energy buildings located in Lysekil, Sweden, a maritime Scandinavian Climate has been investigated. Using recorded figures for the installation costs and performance, a financial life cycle analysis has been undertaken to determine the cost effectiveness of the system. The time value of money is considered and an LCC （life cycle cost） analysis undertaken to identify the cost-effectiveness of the solution. It shows that while a direct heating and hot water system incorporating STES can be economically viable in a Swedish maritime climate in the long term, assistance such as that provided by government incentives is required to assist with the high capital cost of the initial investment.

Experimental Study on Latent Heat Storage Characteristics of W/O Emulsion-Supercooling Rate of Dispersed Water Drops by Direct Contact Heat Exchange

Recently, much attention has been paid to investigate the latent heat storage system. Using of ice heat storage system brings an equalization of electric power demand, because it will solved the electric -power-demand-concentration on day-time of summer by the air conditioning. The flowable latent heat storage material, Oil/Water type emulsion, microencapsulated latent heat material-water mixture or ice slurry, etc., is enable to transport the latent heat in a pipe. The flowable latent heat storage material can realize the pipe size reduction and system efficiency improvement. Supercooling phenomenon of the dispersed latent heat storage material in continuous phase brings the obstruction of latent heat storage. The latent heat storage rates of dispersed water drops in W/O (Water/Oil) emulsion are investigated experimentally in this study. The water drops in emulsion has the diameter within 3 ~ 25μm, the averaged water drop diameter is 7.3μm and the standard deviation is 2.9μm. The direct contact heat exchange method is chosen as the phase change rate evaluation of water drops in W/O emulsion. The supercooled temperature and the cooling rate are set as parameters of this study. The evaluation is performed by comparison between the results of this study and the past research. The obtained experimental result is shown that the 35K or more degree from melting point brings 100% latent heat storage rate of W/O emulsion. It was clarified that the supercooling rate of dispersed water particles in emulsion shows the larger value than that of the bulk water.