全国各省GDP增长与地区居民人民币存储量的关系研究

文章主要考虑各省的GDP变化对于各省居民人民币存储量的变化影响。文章中的数据来源于中国统计年鉴2004-2013年的数据。文章采用计量的方法对我国31个省近10年的GDP变化数据和当地居民人民币存储量的变化数据进行面板数据模型的分析,主要采用Eviews8.0软件进行分析检验,包括单位根的检验、协整检验和F检验。研究发现,地区GDP的增长会明显带动居民人民币存储量的增长,两者是呈正相关的关系。经济发达省份和经济不发达省份的GDP增长对于当地居民人民币存储量的增加影响尤为明显。经济发展中省份的GDP增长对于当地居民人民币存储量的影响较小。针对地区经济发展的差异,文章提出居民投资理财的建议。

联合GRACE、GRACE-FO重力卫星数据监测华北地区水储量变化

本文在三维加速度点质量模型法的基础上,融合不等式约束处理条带噪声,模拟计算结果表明该方法相比零阶Tikhonov约束,信噪比提高4.23%.利用不等式约束的三维加速度点质量模型法,采用GRACE与GRACE-FO重力卫星数据对2002年4月至2021年4月华北地区水储量进行了估算.研究结果表明,2002年4月至2021年4月,附有不等式约束的三维加速度点质量模型法计算的华北地区水储量以-1.36 cm/a的速率下降,Mascon与球谐系数法所获得的亏损速率分别为-1.52 cm/a、-0.80 cm/a,表明华北地区水储量处于明显的亏损趋势,并由亏损速率空间分布可知,水储量在河北省与山西省交界处亏损最为明显,亏损中心区域超过-3.0 cm/a.将研究时间段分为两部分分别进行拟合后发现,2011年至2021年华北地区水储量亏损趋势大于2002年至2010年.研究时间段内,2003年水储量存在明显的上升趋势,结合TRMM降雨数据对该时间段降雨时空分布进行研究,结果表明重力卫星数据计算结果相比降雨数据较为滞后,2003年春季时期的水储量的上升主要由于2002年下半年降雨的影响.

Carbon Stock of Larch Plantations and Its Comparison with an Old-growth Forest in Northeast China

The overall goal of this study was to understand carbon(C) stock dynamics in four different-aged Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi) plantations in Northeast China that were established after clear-cutting old-growth Korean pine deciduous forests. Four Japanese larch plantations which were at 10, 15, 21, and 35 years old and an old-growth Korean pine deciduous forest which was 300 years old in Northeast China were selected and sampled. We compared the C pools of biomass(tree, shrub and herb), litterfall(LF), and soil organic carbon(SOC) among them. The biomass C stock of larch plantation at 10, 15, 21, and 35 years old was 26.8, 37.9, 63.6, and 83.2 Mg/ha, respectively, while the biomass C stock of the old-growth Korean pine deciduous forest was 175.1 Mg/ha. The SOC stock of these larch plantations was 172.1, 169.7, 140.3, and 136.2 Mg/ha respectively, and SOC stock of 170.4 Mg/ha in the control of old-growth forest. The biomass C stock increased with stand age of larch plantations, whereas SOC stock decreased with age, and C stock of LF did not change significantly(P > 0.05). The increase of biomass C offset the decline of SOC stock with age, making total carbon stock(TCS) of larch plantations stable from stand ages of 10–35 years. The TCS in larch plantations was much smaller than that in the old-growth forest, suggesting that the conversion of old-growth forests to young larch plantations releases substantial C into the atmosphere.

Effects of Forest Type and Urbanization on Carbon Storage of Urban Forests in Changchun, Northeast China

Rapid urbanization has led to dramatic changes in urban forest structures and functions, and consequently affects carbon(C) storage in cities. In this study, field surveys were combined with high resolution images to investigate the variability of C storage of urban forests in Changchun, Northeast China. The main objectives of this study were to quantify the C storage of urban forests in Changchun City, Northeast China and understand the effects of forest type and urbanization on C storage of urban forests. The results showed that the mean C density and the total C storage of urban forests in Changchun were 4.41 kg/m2 and 4.74 × 108 kg, respectively. There were significant differences in C density among urban forest types. Landscape and relaxation forest(LF) had the highest C density with 5.41 kg/m2, while production and management forest(PF) had the lowest C density with 1.46 kg/m2. These differences demonstrate that urban forest type is an important factor needed to be considered when the C storage is accurately estimated. Further findings revealed significant differences in different gradients of urbanization, and the mean C density decreased from the first ring(6.99 kg/m2) to the fourth ring(2.87 kg/m2). The total C storage increased from the first ring to the third ring. These results indicate that C storage by urban forests will be significantly changed during the process of urbanization. The results can provide insights for decision-makers and urban planners to better understand the effects of forest type and urbanization on C storage of urban forests in Changchun, and make better management plans for urban forests.

The Effect of Land Use on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Lake Victoria Crescent Agro-Ecological Zone, Uganda

The effect of land use on soil organic carbon （SOC） stocks and depth distribution of SOC was investigated in the Lake Victoria Crescent ago-ecological zone of Uganda. Soil samples were collected from six land use types at 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm from profile pits dug in similar soils and slopes. Results indicated that SOC stocks significantly differed across the various land use systems. SOC also varied significantly by depth. The highest SOC and pH were recorded under natural forest-strict nature. Grassland had the lowest SOC but the highest bulk density （BD）. Phosphorous （P） was the highest in banana-coffee systems and the lowest under tea plantations. The lowest values of pH and BD were found in highly disturbed natural forest. The upper layers of the soil （0-30 cm） stored higher amounts of SOC compared to other depths （30-60 cm and 60-90 cm）. Land use therefore has a significant effect on SOC and other soil physical and chemical properties.

Interannual variability in soil respiration from terrestrial ecosystems in China and its response to climate change

Soil respiration is an important process in terrestrial carbon cycle.Concerning terrestrial ecosystems in China, quantifying the spatiotemporal pattern of soil respiration at the regional scale is critical in providing a theoretical basis for evaluating carbon budget.In this study, we used an empirically based, semi-mechanistic model including climate and soil properties to estimate annual soil respiration from terrestrial ecosystems in China from 1970 to 2009.We further analyzed the relationship between interannual variability in soil respiration and climatic factors (air temperature and precipitation).Results indicated that the distribution of annual soil respiration showed clear spatial patterns.The highest and lowest annual soil respiration rates appeared in southeastern China and northwestern China, respectively, which was in accordance with the spatial patterns of mean annual air temperature and annual precipitation.Although the mean annual air temperature in northwestern China was higher than that in some regions of northeastern china, a greater topsoil organic carbon storage in northeastern China might result in the higher annual soil respiration in this region.By contrast, lower temperature, less precipitation and smaller topsoil organic carbon pool incurred the lowest annual soil respiration in northwestern China.Annual soil respiration from terrestrial ecosystems in China varied from 4.58 to 5.19 PgCa-1 between 1970 and 2009.During this time period, on average, annual soil respiration was estimated to be 4.83 PgCa-1 .Annual soil respiration in China accounted for 4.93%-6.01% of the global annual soil CO2 emission.The interannual variability in soil respiration depended on the interannual variability in precipitation and mean air temperature.In order to reduce the uncertainty in estimating annual soil respiration at regional scale, more in situ measurements of soil respiration and relevant factors (e.g.climate, soil and vegetation) should be made simultaneously and historical soil property data sets should also be established.

Temporal Evolution of Carbon Storage in Chinese Tea Plantations from 1950 to 2010

Tea （Camellia sinensis）, an economically important crop grown in mountain regions, has been planted for thousands of years in South China. Tea plantations can potentially act as carbon （C） sink in local agrosystems due to their high plant biomass and provide soil conservation service. To assess the contribution of tea plantations to C sequestration, the chronosequence variations of C storage were assessed in the plants and soils （0-20 cm） of tea plantations in China from 1950 to 2010, and then the inter-annual and decadal variabilities of total C storage were estimated. TotM C stocks in tea plants and soils in 2010 were 34.4 and 93.45 Tg, respectively. Carbon sequestration from 1950 to 2010 was 30.6 and 39.0 Tg in the plants and soils, respectively. The highest C sequestration happened during the 1980s and the lowest during the 1950s. The decadal average C sequestration rate ranged from 20.4 to 113.9 g m2 year-1 in the standing tea plants, and from 54.6 to 98.8 g m-2 year-1 in soils during the period of 1950 to 2010. The average ratio of C storage in soils to that in plants was 3.00 ± 0.35 before 1970 and 2.44 ±0.18 after 1970. The results suggested that tea plantation ecosystems made an important contribution to the C sinks in Chinese tea-producing regions.