青海省实现储量库所有固体矿产全覆盖

从自然资源部矿产资源国情调查协调机制办公室获悉,截至2021年12月27日,青海省矿产资源国情调查查明矿产资源调查和潜在矿产资源评价主体工作全面完成,查明矿产资源调查已通过省级评审验收。青海省此次矿产国情调查共确定95个矿种,实现了全省储量库所有固体矿产全覆盖。省自然资源厅细化矿产资源国情调查各项任务时间安排,建立矿区调查任务"清零"、存疑问题"清零"的"双清零"制度,并确保调查数据质量。

略论建立国家矿产储量库

一些矿山资源日渐枯竭,新探明的矿山储量赶不上需要。解决这一问题的关键在“储量商品化”,并形成完善的市场机制,建议建立国家矿产储量库,这可以发挥四方面作用。在建库的同时,并解决储量价格,定量定质,储量分类分级的问题。

两种海水混养池塘悬浮颗粒物结构及其有机碳库储量

于2021年4月—8月在辽宁省丹东市东港地区选取两个混养池塘,即1^(#)池(海蜇-缢蛏-牙鲆-对虾)和2^(#)池(海蜇-缢蛏-牙鲆-中国明对虾-三疣梭子蟹),对其悬浮颗粒物结构及其有机碳储量进行了研究,旨在为优化养殖模式提供科学依据。结果表明,1^(#)和2^(#)池的总悬浮颗粒物含量分别为44.05±10.36 mg/L和39.38±3.89 mg/L,其中无机悬浮颗粒物占比为71.01%和66.25%,有机悬浮颗粒物则为的28.99%和33.75%。在有机悬浮颗粒物中,腐质及细菌占27.15%和32.93%,浮游植物占0.52%和0.21%,浮游动物占比为1.03%和0.66%。1^(#)池和2^(#)池的总有机碳(TOC)含量分别为8.29±2.53 mg/L和11.43±2.49 mg/L;其中溶解有机碳(DOC)占比为65.45%和61.31%;颗粒有机碳(POC)占比为37.76%和38.69%;细菌及腐质碳占比为35.02%和37.45%;浮游植物碳占比为1.14%和0.30%;浮游动物碳占比为1.60%和0.95%。研究表明,1^(#)池悬浮颗粒物及总有机碳的含量更高,池塘的有机物占比更大,但2^(#)池浮游植物及浮游动物含量较低。

湖南省森林土壤有机碳密度及碳库储量动态

基于2000—2014年文献和著作资料中的湖南省森林土壤剖面有机碳含量数据,湖南会同杉木林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站近15年的实测数据,分析了湖南省主要森林类型土壤有机碳密度,结合1983年至2009年湖南省4次森林资源清查数据,研究了湖南省森林土壤有机碳库储量的动态特征。结果表明:湖南省主要森林类型土壤有机碳算术平均含量在9.53—22.86g/kg之间,灌木林最高,土壤有机碳含量的分异主要发生在0—40 cm土层,0—80 cm土壤层有机碳密度在95.44—181.30 t C/hm2之间,平均为137.15 t C/hm2,主要分布在0—40 cm土层中,随土壤深度增加,各森林类型土壤有机碳密度的差异下降,受森林类型的影响减弱。从1983—1987年到2009年,湖南省乔木林土壤层(0—80 cm)有机碳库储量净增加了414.86×106t C,面积加权平均有机碳密度提高了10.98 t C/hm2,不同乔木林土壤层(0—80 cm)有机碳库储量的差异随着时间进程逐渐增大,主要分布在杉木林、松木林、阔叶林。天然林是湖南省乔木林土壤有机碳库储量的主要贡献者,人工林土壤有机碳储量正逐步提高,经济林、竹林、灌木林对湖南省森林土壤层(0—80 cm)有机碳库储量贡献不同,且动态变化趋势也不同。森林土壤层有机碳库储量的变化与各森林类型面积的变化密切相关,而各森林类型面积的增减,与各项林业政策的实施密切相关。因此,人类活动深刻影响森林土壤的碳汇功能。

耕作方式对耕层黑土有机碳库储量的短期影响

目的探索不同耕作方式对耕层黑土有机碳含量的影响。方法以2001年秋在吉林省德惠市中层黑土上进行了3年的田间定位试验小区土壤为研究对象,对免耕、垄作和秋翻3种耕作处理下耕层土壤有机碳的动态变化进行了分析,并采用等深度和等质量土壤碳库储量计算方法,比较了不同耕作处理对耕层土壤有机碳库储量的影响。结果不同耕作处理对黑土耕层有机碳的影响无显著性差异,而且免耕处理在短期内没有引起耕层土壤有机碳含量的明显增加,反而有所降低。与2001年试验开始时相比,3年免耕管理使表层0～5cm土壤有机碳含量仅增加了0.18%,而5～20cm土层有机碳含量则明显降低。利用等深度(0～30cm)和等质量(4040Mg)土壤碳库储量计算方法对比研究表明,将土壤容重考虑在内的等质量土壤有机碳库储量计算方法可以更准确的反映耕作对土壤有机碳库储量的影响。等质量方法计算表明,3年的免耕试验并没有使耕层土壤有机碳库储量发生明显变化。结论在质地粘重和排水不良的土壤上实行免耕,短期内土壤有机碳含量并没有增加。长期效果如何还有待观测。

珠三角核心区农田耕层土壤有机碳库储量时空变化特征及其影响因素识别

土壤有机碳库动态变化对区域乃至全球碳平衡具有显著影响,快速城市化地区社会经济迅速发展中土地利用/覆被变化剧烈,其农田耕层土壤有机碳库变化问题倍受关注。选择珠三角核心区为研究区域,基于1980与2015年农田耕层土壤有机碳含量数据,以乡镇为单元分析农田耕层土壤有机碳库储量的时空变化特征,并通过地理探测器定量识别其影响因素的主导因素。结果表明:1)珠三角核心区农田耕层土壤有机碳库储量1980―2015年间损失巨大,损失量达67.16%,同时其空间变化具有典型的城镇集群指向特征,即距离城镇集群越近,损失程度越大;2)珠三角核心区农田耕层土壤有机碳库储量的时空异质性变化受到气候变化、地形状况、水文环境、社会经济发展、土地利用变化和农田景观变化等多种因素的影响,且其影响力存在较大差异,各因素贡献力(q统计量)介于0.004~0.256之间;3)珠三角核心区农田耕层土壤有机碳库时空变化主导影响因素的贡献力表现为农田景观变化>二三产增长胁迫>水网密度>土地结构变化。

矿产资源两库衔接中各数据库对应关系清理

在四川省两库衔接工作中,各数据库来源独立、差异性明显、关联性差,导致不能简单的将核查成果引入储量数据库。涉及矿产资源储量管理的资源储量登记数据库、储量数据库和采矿权管理库的对应关系清理工作成为关键环节,为储量库的修改工作奠定基础。

滁州市陆地生态系统土壤碳储量对土地利用变化响应

从土地利用变化造成的非建设用地土壤有机碳储量变化,及土壤有机碳储量对土地利用变化脆弱性评估两个角度,研究2005-2013年滁州市陆地生态系统土壤碳储量对土地利用变化响应。研究发现:(1)土地利用强度逐年增加,土地利用变化主要表现为耕地、林地、水域、建设用地的增加和其他用地的大幅减少。建设占用导致大量农用地发生非农转用,耕地保护形势日趋严峻。(2)2005、2009、2013年,滁州市非建设用地的中层土壤有机碳储量为13090.11t、12538.86t和12500.05t,呈现先快后慢的减少态势,这主要受草地碳储量减少速率影响;耕地、林地和水域的储碳量最高。(3)2005-2013年,土地利用变化对非建设用地土壤有机碳储量的潜在影响指数为-2.05,前后4年潜在影响逐渐降低,脆弱程度有所改善,但仍不理想,土地利用有待向更加低碳的模式转变。

某高校放射源库辐射场的MCNP模拟及分析

采用非现场检测方法,给出某高校放射源库的辐射场分布,并计算出该放射源库的最大存储量,提出防护优化建议。利用MCNP(Monte Carlo N particle transport code)程序模拟计算放射源库辐射场分布,并与实测值对比,验证模拟值的可靠性。结果表明,MCNP程序模拟结果与现场实测值的误差基本保持在10%,能给出较精确的辐射场分布及源库最大存储量。结果提示:利用MCNP程序模拟放射源库及其周围辐射场,能在不进入辐射场的情况下,有效获取任意点处的剂量率;该高校放射源库采取的防护措施能保证在任意关注点处剂量率均小于国家标准限值;对于^(137)Cs的最大存储能力为4.88×10^(13) Bq,对于^(60)Co的最大存储能力为9.99×10^(10) Bq。

青海省矿产资源储量空间数据整合技术方法探讨

本文基于青海省矿产资源勘查与开发利用信息化建设项目中矿产资源储量空间数据整合更新工作实践,分析和阐述了利用计算机、GIS和数据库技术将省级储量空间数据库图形库与储量登记库属性库配套组合为一体的技术方法,整合后的矿产资源储量库数据结构更合理,信息量更丰富,并与相关矿政管理数据互联互通,将有效地为矿政管理及矿产资源信息的社会化服务提供基础数据平台,对推进矿产资源储量管理具有普遍而深远的意义。

Location problem of emergency supplies reserve storages under disease diffusion environment

Under the threat of bio-terrorism,this paper aims at improving the emergency rescue system's ability of dealing with a public health emergency.Focusing on the demand network,this research establishes the emergency rescue supply storage network under a danger diffusion environment.Combined with the infectious disease diffusion model,the traditional set covering model is rebuilt taking the decision optimization of reserve quantity into consideration.Under the premise of a certain emergency service level,the collaborative location optimizing model of an emergency rescue supply storage network is established in order to minimize the sum of the building costs and the preserving costs.The model is proved to be effective through numerical simulation.The collaborative location optimization of the nodes of the emergency rescue supply storage network and the reserve quantity of each storage node is realized.

Mechanism of gas-water flow at pore-level in aquifer gas storage

By means of the pore-level simulation, the characteristics of gas-water flow and gas-water distribution during the alternative displacement of gas and water were observed directly from etched-glass micromodel. The results show that gas-water distribution styles are divided into continuous phase type and separate phase type. The water lock exists in pore and throat during the process of gas-water displacement, and it reduces the gas flow-rate and has some effects on the recovery efficiency during the operation of gas storage. According to the experimental results of aquifer gas storage in X area, the differences in available extent among reservoirs are significant, and the availability of pore space is 33% 45%.

Forest Carbon Storage and Tree Carbon Pool Dynamics under Natural Forest Protection Program in Northeastern China

The Natural Forest Protection(NFP) program is one of the Six Key Forestry Projects which were adopted by the Chinese Government since the 1980s to address important natural issues in China. It advanced to protecting and restoring the structures and functions of the natural forests through sustainable forest management. However, the role of forest carbon storage and tree carbon pool dynamics since the adoption of the NFP remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, this study calculated forest carbon storage(tree, understory, forest floor and soil) in the forest region of northeastern(NE) China based on National Forest Inventory databases and field investigated databases. For tree biomass, this study utilized an improved method for biomass estimation that converts timber volume to total forest biomass; while for understory, forest floor and soil carbon storage, this study utilized forest type-specific mean carbon densities multiplied by their areas in the region. Results showed that the tree carbon pool under the NFP in NE China functioned as a carbon sink from 1998 to 2008, with an increase of 6.3 Tg C/yr, which was mainly sequestrated by natural forests(5.1 Tg C/yr). At the same time, plantations also acted as a carbon sink, reflecting an increase of 1.2 Tg C/yr. In 2008, total carbon storage in forests covered by the NFP in NE China was 4603.8 Tg C, of which 4393.3 Tg C was stored in natural forests and 210.5 Tg C in planted forests. Soil was the largest carbon storage component, contributing 69.5%–77.8% of total carbon storage; followed by tree and forest floor, accounting for 16.3%–23.0% and 5.0%–6.5% of total carbon storage, respectively. Understory carbon pool ranged from 1.9 to 42.7 Tg C, accounting for only 0.9% of total carbon storage.

Dynamic determination reserves of the underground gas storage

One of the key problems in the use of underground gas storage is frequent leakage. It can lead to the actual gas storage amount being less than that accounted for. Combining numerical simulation and parameter auto fit, this paper ascertains the dynamic variation of the pressure in the storage reservoir, adjusts the actual injecting and producing gas to fit the accounted pressure with the tested pressure, obtains the gas leakage of the storage, and then determines the difference between accounted amount and leakage amount. The result is the actual reserves of the storage. The simulation result shows that the method presented can provide a theoretic foundation for estimating the leakage amount, thereby ensuring the actual reserves, searching the leakage route, and reducing leakage by adjusting the storage method.

The Upper Limit Size of Reservoir-Induced Earthquakes

We showed the relation between the magnitude of induced earthquake and the reservoir storage and dam height based on the global catalog from 1967 to 1989 compiled by Ding Yuanzhang(1989).By multiplying reservoir storage with dam height,we introduced a new parameter named E_E.We found that the cases with specific E_E and magnitude do not exceed a limit.Based on the discussion of its physics,we called E_E the equivalent energy.We considered this limit as the upper limit of magnitude for reservoir-induced earthquakes.The result was proved by the recent cases occurring in China.This size limitation can be used as a helpful consideration for reservoir design.

Coal geological factors for the storage of gas and coalbed methane resources evaluation research in Liupanshui

The geological characteristics of coalbed methane from the research carried out in Liupanshui is based on analysis of faults, folds, roof and floor lithology, and depth of coal seam gas content, combined with the assessment of CBM resources calculated through buried depth scope, average coal seam thickness, and gas content, organized by the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2006, which launched the ＂national new round of coalbed methane re-sources evaluation＂ project to evaluate the coalbcd methane resources in the standard category and divided coal-bed methane resources into Ⅰ, Ⅱand Ⅲ Category of three resources categories. With this method on the other syncline to resources assessment, the area below 1 000 m is named as ] Category resources. And with the depth increasing, resources level decreases.

Effects of Cold Storage on Quality Traits of Sardinian Myrtle （Myrtus communis L.） Berries and Their Alcoholic Extracts

Myrtus communis L. is a spontaneous aromatic plant typical of the Mediterranean area. Myrtle berries hydrodistilled products and ethanolic extracts are mainly used as flavouring agents and food supplements. This study evaluated the effect of long-term storage on the quality-related properties of myrtle berries. Storage at 2 ~C for three months effbctively preserved myrtle berries quality, both in the chemical composition and external appearance. No symptoms of chilling injury and decay occurred during the first two months of storage, at the end of storage only the 1.3% of rotting was detected. Total anthocyanic content and anthocyanin glycosides diminished whereas the antioxidant capacity increased in all samples till the end of storage. The antioxidant properties of myrtle berries were not correlated with the anthocyanic fraction. The pH of myrtle berries decreased, while gluconic acid levels increased. The results reported in this paper showed that the storage at 2 ~C for three months appears to be an effective way to preserve myrtle berries quality. The changes in the chemical composition of the fruits subjected to storage had revealed the importance of gluconic acid and pH for myrtle quality assessment. These two parameters can be used as quality markers since a strong relationship has been found between myrtle decay and the changes in these parameters,

Effect of Carbonation on Microbiologic Parameters of Refrigerated Bovine Raw Milk

This study evaluated the effect of carbon dioxide addition on microbiological quality during refrigerated storage of raw milk collected in Curitiba city, Brazil. A three factor-two level full factorial design was used to investigate the effect of the pH （5.8-6.4）, storage time （0-10 days） and storage temperature （5-10 ℃）, on the responses, namely, mesophiles, psychrotrophs, lipolytic psychrotrophs and proteolytic psychrotrophs counts. Results showed that increase in pH and storage time had significant effect on the microbial count. No significant effect of storage temperature was observed for all the microorganisms studied. All responses were well predicted by selected mathematical models, as denoted by coefficient of determination above 0.95.

Matching Gasoline Supply with Distribution Requirements Optimizes Depot Storage Capacity and Performance

This study was done for one of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation （refiner） depot supplied by a multi-product （gasoline, diesel and kerosene） pipeline. Distribution/loading facility designed for a total of six arms： two each for gasoline, kerosene and diesel （or 33.33% for each product） whereas gasoline storage capacity is 55%, diesel, 33%, kerosene 11%, and slops, 1% of the total depot capacity. The design supply to distribution chain capacity ratio showed a mismatch, which in actual operation becomes 2：1. The above design created ullage problem at sustained supplies, gross under utilization of supply chain infrastructures and poor operational performance. After a technical evaluation, a section of the depot storage to loading pipeline network was re-designed and modified to enable products supply capacity to match loading and minimize storage. Hence, the gasoline loading became 66.67%, kerosene and diesel, each of 16.67%, increasing the actual supply to distribution chain capacity ratio from 2：1 to 2：2 （and when required, can be maximized to 2：3） thereby correcting the apparent mismatch between the supply and distribution chain capacities. The modification has enabled the refiner to increase depot and upstream supply chain utilization

Estimates of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Zhejiang Province of China Based on 1:50000 Soil Database Using the PKB Method

Soil organic carbon(SOC) is an important component of farming systems and global carbon cycle. Accurately estimating SOC stock is of great importance for assessing soil productivity and modeling global climate change. A newly built 1:50 000 soil database of Zhejiang Province containing 2 154 geo-referenced soil profiles and a pedological professional knowledge-based(PKB) method were used to estimate SOC stock up to a depth of 100 cm for the Province. The spatial patterns of SOC stocks stratified by soil types,watershed(buffer analysis), topographical factors, and land use types were identified. Results showed that the soils in Zhejiang covered an area of 100 740 km2 with a total SOC stock of 831.49 × 106 t and a mean SOC density of 8.25 kg m-2, excluding water and urban areas. In terms of soil types, red soils had the highest SOC stock(259.10 × 106t), whereas mountain meadow soils contained the lowest(0.15 × 106t). In terms of SOC densities, the lowest value(5.11 kg m-2) was found in skel soils, whereas the highest value(45.30 kg m-2) was observed in mountain meadow soils. Yellow soils, as a dominant soil group, determined the SOC densities of different buffer zones in Qiantang River watershed because of their large area percentage and wide variation of SOC density values.The area percentages of various soil groups significantly varied with increasing elevation or slope when overlaid with digital elevation model data, thus influencing the SOC densities. The highest SOC density was observed under grassland, whereas the lowest SOC density was identified under unutilized land. The map of SOC density(0–100 cm depth) and the spatial patterns of SOC stocks in the Province would be helpful for relevant agencies and communities in Zhejiang Province, China.