Lokum （Turkish delight） is a high sugar and starch containing food. Since the major deterioration factor affecting the storability of lokum is moisture gain or loss, the effect of the possible ambient conditions （3...Lokum （Turkish delight） is a high sugar and starch containing food. Since the major deterioration factor affecting the storability of lokum is moisture gain or loss, the effect of the possible ambient conditions （32%, 53%, 75% RH and 15, 25, 35 ℃） on weight change and firmness of tokum was determined to estimate its structural changes. The variations in thermal properties of lokurn samples stored at different RH （32, 53, 65, 75, and 85% RH） were also determined. Increasing RH decreased glass transition of lokum samples, and two glass transitions （Tg） were observed at 75 and 85% RH. The presence of the second Tg could be related with phase separation which was increased with increasing moisture content and RH. Lokum should be kept at around 50% RH and 15℃, higher storage RH＇s and temperatures will cause the product to become unacceptable by the consumer within 20 days.展开更多
In the software of data management system, there are some different lengths of records needed storing in an array, and the number of records often increases in use of the software. A universal data structure is presen...In the software of data management system, there are some different lengths of records needed storing in an array, and the number of records often increases in use of the software. A universal data structure is presented in the design, and it provide an unified interface for dynamic storage records in different length, so that the developers can call the unified interface directly for the data storage to simplify the design of data management system.展开更多
农林复合系统作为一种土地综合利用体系,可以有效吸收和固定CO2、增加碳储量,在达到收获目的的同时,可有力减轻温室效应.农林复合系统对CO2的调控作用,使人们认识到农林复合系统较单一作物系统有着明显优势,因此,深入了解不同农林复合...农林复合系统作为一种土地综合利用体系,可以有效吸收和固定CO2、增加碳储量,在达到收获目的的同时,可有力减轻温室效应.农林复合系统对CO2的调控作用,使人们认识到农林复合系统较单一作物系统有着明显优势,因此,深入了解不同农林复合系统的碳汇功能及其影响因素,对全球碳循环研究及碳收支准确评估具有重要意义.本文综述了农林复合系统的概念与分类,探讨了农林复合系统不同组分的碳固存潜力及其影响因子,得出不同区域、不同类型农林复合系统内植被的固碳速率相差很大（0.59-11.08 t C·hm-2·a-1）,其主要受到气候因子和农林复合系统自身特性（物种组成、林木密度和林龄）的影响.农林复合系统内土壤的固碳潜力受到系统内树木和非树木成分输入的生物量多少和质量、土壤质地、土壤结构的影响.不同地区的任何一个农林复合系统的碳储量多少主要依赖于复合系统中各组分的结构和功能.针对目前的研究现状,指出应重点加强农林复合系统优化结构的碳汇功能研究,以及加强农林复合系统碳储量的时空分布格局及其固碳机制的长期研究。展开更多
The development of transition metal oxidebased electrode materials with proper controlled structures is highly desirable for high-performance supercapacitors.However,it remains a major challenge.Here,we present the fi...The development of transition metal oxidebased electrode materials with proper controlled structures is highly desirable for high-performance supercapacitors.However,it remains a major challenge.Here,we present the first synthesis of bowl-like Ni Co2O4nanosheet clusters through a simple soft template guided hydrothermal strategy.The resulting bowl-like clusters consist of numerous Ni Co2O4nanosheets with an average thickness of 19 nm and possess a mean diameter of 1μm along with a specific surface area of40 m2g^-1.Remarkably,serving as an electrode material in a three-electrode system,the bowl-like Ni Co2O4nanosheet clusters exhibit a high specific capacity of 1068 F g^-1at a current density of 1 A g^-1and excellent cycling stability with90%capacitance retention after 5000 charge-discharge cycles.Meanwhile,an asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC)assembled with the Ni Co2O4clusters and activated carbon(AC)as the two electrodes exhibits a high specific capacitance of 129 F g^-1at 1 A g^-1,along with a high energy density of 33 W h kg^-1at a power density of 0.66 k W kg^-1.Such performance is superior to those of many commercial supercapacitors.This study opens a new avenue for the construction of ordered complex particles with controlled architectures for energy storage and conversion applications.展开更多
Stimulus-responsive energy storage devices,which can respond to external stimuli,such as heat,pH,moisture,pressure,or electric field,have recently attracted intensive attention,aiming at the ever-increasing demand for...Stimulus-responsive energy storage devices,which can respond to external stimuli,such as heat,pH,moisture,pressure,or electric field,have recently attracted intensive attention,aiming at the ever-increasing demand for safe batteries and smart electronics.The most typical stimulus-responsive materials are polymers that can change their conformation by forming and destroying secondary forces,including hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions in response to external stimuli,accompanied by changes in the intrinsic properties such as conductivity and hydrophobicity.Although the applications of stimulus-responsive functions in rechargeable batteries are still in the early stage because of the complexity and compatibility of battery architectures,many new concepts of regulating the polymer structures upon applications of stimuli have already been developed.In this review,we discuss the recent progress of stimulus-responsive polymers on energy storage devices featuring thermal protection and intelligent scenarios,with a focus on the detailed structural transformations of polymers under a given stimulus and the corresponding changes in battery performance.Finally,we present perspectives on the current limitations and future research directions of stimulus-responsive polymers for energy storage devices.展开更多
By studying the structural characteristics and carbon storage of the mangrove island ecosystem in the Beibu Gulf,this study provides a scientific basis for mangrove ecological compensation in the coastal areas of Guan...By studying the structural characteristics and carbon storage of the mangrove island ecosystem in the Beibu Gulf,this study provides a scientific basis for mangrove ecological compensation in the coastal areas of Guangxi,South China Sea.On the basis of the unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing images and a sample plot survey,the object-oriented multi-scale segmentation algorithm is used to extract the mangrove community type information,and one-way analysis of variance is conducted to analyse the structural characteristics of the mangrove community.The carbon storage and carbon density of different mangrove ecosystems were obtained based on the allometric growth equation of mangrove plants.The analysis yielded four main results.(1)The island group covers about 27.10 ha,41.32%(11.20 ha)of which represents mangrove areas.The mangrove forest is widely distributed in the tidal flats around the islands.(2)The main mangrove types were Aegiceras corniculatum,Kandelia obovata+Aegiceras corniculatum,Avicennia marina+Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina communities.(3)Amongst the mangrove plants,Avicennia marina had the highest biomass(18.52 kg plant^(–1)),followed by Kandelia obovata(7.84 kg plant^(–1))and Aegiceras corniculatum(3.85 kg plant^(–1)).(4)The mangrove carbon density difference was significant.Kandelia obovata had the highest carbon density(148.03 t ha^(–1)),followed by Avicennia marina(104.79 t ha^(–1))and Aegiceras corniculatum(99.24 t ha^(–1)).The carbon storage of the mangrove island ecosystem was 1194.70 t,which was higher than in other areas with the same latitude.The carbon sequestration capacity of the mangrove was relatively strong.展开更多
文摘Lokum （Turkish delight） is a high sugar and starch containing food. Since the major deterioration factor affecting the storability of lokum is moisture gain or loss, the effect of the possible ambient conditions （32%, 53%, 75% RH and 15, 25, 35 ℃） on weight change and firmness of tokum was determined to estimate its structural changes. The variations in thermal properties of lokurn samples stored at different RH （32, 53, 65, 75, and 85% RH） were also determined. Increasing RH decreased glass transition of lokum samples, and two glass transitions （Tg） were observed at 75 and 85% RH. The presence of the second Tg could be related with phase separation which was increased with increasing moisture content and RH. Lokum should be kept at around 50% RH and 15℃, higher storage RH＇s and temperatures will cause the product to become unacceptable by the consumer within 20 days.
文摘In the software of data management system, there are some different lengths of records needed storing in an array, and the number of records often increases in use of the software. A universal data structure is presented in the design, and it provide an unified interface for dynamic storage records in different length, so that the developers can call the unified interface directly for the data storage to simplify the design of data management system.
文摘农林复合系统作为一种土地综合利用体系,可以有效吸收和固定CO2、增加碳储量,在达到收获目的的同时,可有力减轻温室效应.农林复合系统对CO2的调控作用,使人们认识到农林复合系统较单一作物系统有着明显优势,因此,深入了解不同农林复合系统的碳汇功能及其影响因素,对全球碳循环研究及碳收支准确评估具有重要意义.本文综述了农林复合系统的概念与分类,探讨了农林复合系统不同组分的碳固存潜力及其影响因子,得出不同区域、不同类型农林复合系统内植被的固碳速率相差很大（0.59-11.08 t C·hm-2·a-1）,其主要受到气候因子和农林复合系统自身特性（物种组成、林木密度和林龄）的影响.农林复合系统内土壤的固碳潜力受到系统内树木和非树木成分输入的生物量多少和质量、土壤质地、土壤结构的影响.不同地区的任何一个农林复合系统的碳储量多少主要依赖于复合系统中各组分的结构和功能.针对目前的研究现状,指出应重点加强农林复合系统优化结构的碳汇功能研究,以及加强农林复合系统碳储量的时空分布格局及其固碳机制的长期研究。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21774076,61774102 and 51573091)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0195800)+2 种基金the Program of the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(17JC1403200)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(19XD1421700)the Program of Distinguished Professor of Special Appointment at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning。
文摘The development of transition metal oxidebased electrode materials with proper controlled structures is highly desirable for high-performance supercapacitors.However,it remains a major challenge.Here,we present the first synthesis of bowl-like Ni Co2O4nanosheet clusters through a simple soft template guided hydrothermal strategy.The resulting bowl-like clusters consist of numerous Ni Co2O4nanosheets with an average thickness of 19 nm and possess a mean diameter of 1μm along with a specific surface area of40 m2g^-1.Remarkably,serving as an electrode material in a three-electrode system,the bowl-like Ni Co2O4nanosheet clusters exhibit a high specific capacity of 1068 F g^-1at a current density of 1 A g^-1and excellent cycling stability with90%capacitance retention after 5000 charge-discharge cycles.Meanwhile,an asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC)assembled with the Ni Co2O4clusters and activated carbon(AC)as the two electrodes exhibits a high specific capacitance of 129 F g^-1at 1 A g^-1,along with a high energy density of 33 W h kg^-1at a power density of 0.66 k W kg^-1.Such performance is superior to those of many commercial supercapacitors.This study opens a new avenue for the construction of ordered complex particles with controlled architectures for energy storage and conversion applications.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0127600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA22010600)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975271)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B090919005)Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020ZD07 and ZR2021QB106)the financial support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2019214)Shandong Energy Institute(SEI 1202127)。
文摘Stimulus-responsive energy storage devices,which can respond to external stimuli,such as heat,pH,moisture,pressure,or electric field,have recently attracted intensive attention,aiming at the ever-increasing demand for safe batteries and smart electronics.The most typical stimulus-responsive materials are polymers that can change their conformation by forming and destroying secondary forces,including hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions in response to external stimuli,accompanied by changes in the intrinsic properties such as conductivity and hydrophobicity.Although the applications of stimulus-responsive functions in rechargeable batteries are still in the early stage because of the complexity and compatibility of battery architectures,many new concepts of regulating the polymer structures upon applications of stimuli have already been developed.In this review,we discuss the recent progress of stimulus-responsive polymers on energy storage devices featuring thermal protection and intelligent scenarios,with a focus on the detailed structural transformations of polymers under a given stimulus and the corresponding changes in battery performance.Finally,we present perspectives on the current limitations and future research directions of stimulus-responsive polymers for energy storage devices.
基金The Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Project(GuikeAD19245041,2019AC20088)The Guangxi Key Research and DevelopmentProgram(AA18118038)The Project to Improve the Basic Research Ability of Young and Middle-Aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities(2020KY09021,2019KY0426).
文摘By studying the structural characteristics and carbon storage of the mangrove island ecosystem in the Beibu Gulf,this study provides a scientific basis for mangrove ecological compensation in the coastal areas of Guangxi,South China Sea.On the basis of the unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing images and a sample plot survey,the object-oriented multi-scale segmentation algorithm is used to extract the mangrove community type information,and one-way analysis of variance is conducted to analyse the structural characteristics of the mangrove community.The carbon storage and carbon density of different mangrove ecosystems were obtained based on the allometric growth equation of mangrove plants.The analysis yielded four main results.(1)The island group covers about 27.10 ha,41.32%(11.20 ha)of which represents mangrove areas.The mangrove forest is widely distributed in the tidal flats around the islands.(2)The main mangrove types were Aegiceras corniculatum,Kandelia obovata+Aegiceras corniculatum,Avicennia marina+Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina communities.(3)Amongst the mangrove plants,Avicennia marina had the highest biomass(18.52 kg plant^(–1)),followed by Kandelia obovata(7.84 kg plant^(–1))and Aegiceras corniculatum(3.85 kg plant^(–1)).(4)The mangrove carbon density difference was significant.Kandelia obovata had the highest carbon density(148.03 t ha^(–1)),followed by Avicennia marina(104.79 t ha^(–1))and Aegiceras corniculatum(99.24 t ha^(–1)).The carbon storage of the mangrove island ecosystem was 1194.70 t,which was higher than in other areas with the same latitude.The carbon sequestration capacity of the mangrove was relatively strong.
