应用可逆性催化曲线对麻疹免疫动态的分析

我站于1985年会同玉山县卫生防疫站,在上海生物制品研究所的协助下,对该县不同年龄组人群的麻疹、白喉、百日咳、脊髓灰质炎抗体水平进行了监测.本文仅就686名麻疹抗体阳性资料,应用Muench介绍的可逆性催化曲线的原理和方法进行初步分析.一、曲线拟合结果根据可逆性催化曲线的原理。

年龄别患龋率趋势的曲线拟合研究

本文以福建省某县７２７０名学生年龄别患龋率数据，拟合１３种曲线以研究其趋势，结果发现有３种曲线拟合效果较好且拟合优度近似（Ｒ￣２＝０．９８１～０．９８２），即①以非线性回归（ＮＬＲ）拟合所得可逆催化曲线ＥＹ＝［ａ／（ａ＋ｂ）］［１－ｅ￣（－（ａ＋ｂ）ｔ）］、②二次曲线、③Ｍｕｅｎｃｈ原图拟合的可逆催化曲线。发现青少年年龄别患龋率呈可逆催化曲线趋势上升，每年约有８％～１１％的人患龋（ａ值），又约有２％～６％（ｂ值）的人填龋或被恒齿替补。每年填龋率（ｂ）只是患率（ａ）的１／４～１／２，这是年龄别龋齿呈可逆催化曲线趋势上升的根本原因。

催化动力曲线法测定尿碘

目的：建立一种基于催化动力曲线的尿碘测定方法。方法：消化后的试样加入2.5ml 0.1 mol/L亚砷酸和0.3 ml 0.076 mol/L硫酸铈铵溶液,定容混匀,纯水作为参比于420 nm波长下以1 s的频率记录100 s的催化动力曲线,计算logA-t曲线斜率,标准曲线法定量。结果：在0-1000μg/L范围内,尿碘浓度与logA-t曲线斜率的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9987,方法检出限为12μg/L,样品测定相对标准偏差和加标回收率分别为0.32%-2.04%和93.9%-109%。结论：该法简便、快捷、准确和线性范围宽,可作为尿碘测定的方法之一。

卫生统计

率的标准化法(简称标化法)是为消除人群内部能影响率的某种特征构成差别。

Locating the cocktail and scaling-relation breaking effects of high-entropy alloy catalysts on the electrocatalytic volcano plot

High entropy alloys(HEAs)have been the star materials in electrocatalysis research in recent years.One of their key features is the greatly increased multiplicity of active sites compared to conventional catalytic materials.This increased multiplicity stimulates a cocktail effect and a scaling-relation breaking effect,and results in improved activity.However,the multiplicity of active sites in HEAs also poses new problems for mechanistic studies.One apparent problem is the inapplicability to HEA catalysts of the currently most popular mechanistic study method,which uses the electrocatalytic theoretical framework(ETF)based on the computational hydrogen electrode(CHE).The ETF uses a single adsorption energy to represent the catalyst,i.e.,a catalyst is represented by a'point'in the volcanic relationship.It naturally does not involve the multiplicity of active sites of a catalyst,and hence loses brevity in expressing the cocktail effect and scaling-relation breaking effect in HEA catalysis.This paper attempts to solve this inapplicability.Based on the fact that the adsorption energy distribution of HEAs is close to a normal distribution,the mean and variance of the adsorption energy distribution are introduced as descriptors of the ETF,replacing the original single adsorption energy.A quantitative relationship between the variance and the cocktail and scaling-relation braking effects is established.We believe the method described in this work will make the ETF more effective in mechanistic studies of HEA electrocatalysis.

Oxygen pressure acid leaching of artificial sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation

The mechanism of oxygen pressure acid leaching of sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation was investigated in this study.Artificial sphalerite was fabricated with varying amounts of iron content via the sintering of ZnS and FeS and used for the pressure acid leaching experiment.The variations in the potential of the pressure leaching system were investigated by using a self-designed potential autoclave.The results showed that compared to the non-iron sphalerite,there was a violent redox reaction between the 25.70%Fe-artificial sphalerite and dissolved oxygen during the process of pressure leaching;and the catalytic mechanism was attributed to the redox couple Fe^3+/Fe^2+,where Fe3+oxidizes the H2S gas film and the reduced Fe2+state is subsequently oxidized by the dissolved oxygen.Furthermore,the effect of temperature,H2SO4 concentration,and oxygen partial pressure on the artificial sphalerite with different iron contents was studied.The sphalerite samples with iron content were observed to dissolve more easily in sulfuric acid compared to the non-iron samples.Moreover,the activation energy of artificial sphalerite was observed to be lower in the sample with 25.70%iron content(22.26 kJ/mol)compared to that with no iron(32.31 kJ/mol);and the apparent reaction orders were obtained with respect to H2SO4 concentration(1.10 and 1.36)and oxygen partial pressure(1.29 and 1.41),respectively.A comprehensive kinetic model was developed on the basis of the experimental data and the fitted leaching ratio plot;and the kinetic equations for the leaching of sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation were determined.

新型尿碘测定仪的设计

目的设计一种能快速简便测定尿碘的尿碘测定仪。方法以砷铈催化动力曲线法为本仪器测定方法,尿样按WS/T 107.1—2016方法消化,在420 nm下以1 s的频率扫描100 s记录催化动力曲线,以log A-t曲线的斜率来定量。设计了新型尿碘测定仪的结构光学系统及软件界面。结果本尿碘测定仪在尿碘浓度为0μg/L^1 000μg/L时线性关系良好;方法的检出限为12μg/L;考察高、中、低3个浓度的加标样品,加标回收率在93.9%~108.7%,相对标准差(RSD)为0.32%~2.04%;对20份尿样分别采用催化动力曲线法和WS/T 107.1—2016 2种方法测定其碘含量,测定结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论此尿碘测定仪测定尿碘准确、快速,样品消化后2 min内可完成分析,适合用于尿碘的快速测定。