单镜头大视场拼接系统成像分析与控制设计

为了满足远距离目标捕获的需求,提出了一种单镜头大视场拼接成像方法,设计了实验样机对其进行验证,对样机的成像特性进行了分析。介绍了样机的结构设计和相机曝光控制流程,然后根据该成像方法通过控制相机连续圆锥旋转实现大视场成像的特点,分析了样机成像的像移特性及样机结构运动精度对子图像正确拼接的影响,最后设计了在样机运转过程中使相机准确对子视场曝光的控制参数。实验中将样机参数代入分析结果进行了计算,得出了成像的像移大小,并对由相机运动误差导致的子图像拼接偏差进行了校核。计算得出了相机的曝光控制参数,最终获得了拼接正确的大视场图像。通过对实验样机的成像特点进行分析,为该单镜头大视场拼接方法在激光对抗系统中的工程应用奠定了基础。

基于稳像理论的空间光学遥感像移补偿的分析与计算

动态光学是研究光学系统及元件动态成像特性的一门学科。稳像系统是动态光学系统的重要组成部分。稳像系统是为了维持图像的稳定、清晰 ,要求光学组元件按规定的要求做相对运动 ,从而实现图像的最终稳定、清晰。空间遥感成像的分析对于遥感器的运用至关重要。基于稳像理论———动态光学理论 ,进行了空间遥感器的成像面像移分析 ,分析结果与采用齐次坐标变换方法所得结论一致 ,不但证明通过齐次坐标变换方法得出的结果是正确的 ,而且说明采用动态光学的稳像理论解决以上问题物理概念更清楚 ,计算简便。同时对于类似的运动光学系统 。

Kirchhoff PSDM angle-gather generation based on the traveltime gradient

Angle-domain common-image gathers（ADCIGs） are the basic data in migration velocity analysis（MVA） and amplitude variation with angle（AVA） analysis. We propose a common-angle gather-generating scheme using Kirchhoff PSDM based on the traveltime gradient field. The scheme includes three major operations：（1） to calculate the traveltime field of the source and the receiver based on the dynamic programming approach;（2） to obtain the refl ection angle according to the traveltime gradient field in the image space; and（3） to generate the ADCIGs during the migration process. Because of the computation approach, the method for generating ADCIGs is superior to conventional ray-based methods. We use the proposed ADCIGs generation method in 3D large-scale seismic data. The key points of the method are the following.（1） We use common-shot datasets for migration,（2） we load traveltimes based on the shot aperture, and（3） we use the MPI and Open Mp memory sharing to decrease the amount of input and output（I/O）. Numerical examples using synthetic data suggest that the ADCIGs improve the quality of the velocity and the effectiveness of the 3D angle-gather generation scheme.

Multiwave velocity analysis based on Gaussian beam prestack depth migration

Prestack depth migration of multicomponent seismic data improves the imaging accuracy of subsurface complex geological structures. An accurate velocity field is critical to accurate imaging. Gaussian beam migration was used to perform multicomponent migration velocity analysis of PP- and PS-waves. First, PP- and PS-wave Gaussian beam prestack depth migration algorithms that operate on common-offset gathers are presented to extract offsetdomain common-image gathers of PP- and PS-waves. Second, based on the residual moveout equation, the migration velocity fields of P- and S-waves are updated. Depth matching is used to ensure that the depth of the target layers in the PP- and PS-wave migration profiles are consistent, and high-precision P- and S-wave velocities are obtained. Finally, synthetic and field seismic data suggest that the method can be used effectively in multiwave migration velocity analysis.

Tunnel seismic tomography method for geological prediction and its application

Typical existing methods of tunnel geological prediction include negative apparent velocity, horizontal seismic profile, and the Tunnel Seismic Prediction （TSP） method as this technology is under development at home and abroad. Considering simpler observational methods and data processing, it is hard to accurately determine the seismic velocity of the wall rock in the front of the tunnel face. Therefore, applying these defective methods may result in inaccurate geological inferences which will not provide sufficient evidence for classifying the wall rock characteristics. This paper proposes the Tunnel Seismic Tomography （TST） method using a spatial observation arrangement and migration and travel time inversion image processing to solve the problem of analyzing the velocity structure of wall rock in the front of the tunnel face and realize accurate imaging of the geological framework of the tunnel wall rock. This method is very appropriate for geological prediction under complex geological conditions.

Modified image analytical solutions for ground displacement using nonuniform convergence model

Based on the image theory,the analytical solutions of tunneling-induced ground displacement were derived in conjunction with the nonuniform convergence model.The reasonable value of Poisson ratio in the analytical solution was discussed.The ground settlement width parameter which could reflect the ground condition was introduced to modify the analytical solutions proposed above,and new analytical solutions were presented.To evaluate the validity of the present solutions using the nonuniform convergence model,the results were compared with the observed values for four engineering projects,including 38 measured data of ground settlement.The agreement shows that the present solutions using the nonuniform convergence model are effective for evaluating the tunneling-induced ground displacements.

Earthquake deformation field characteristics associated with the 2010 Yushu M_s7.1 earthquake

The spatial distribution and characterization of a heavily damaged area can be determined by studying surface ruptures of seismogenic faults.If the distribution of surface ruptures can be obtained shortly after they occur,then areas heavily damaged by an earthquake can be readily identified.The information can then be used as a guide for earthquake relief programs.In this paper,an intensity offset-tracking method applied to an ALOS PALSAR image is used to map the Yushu earthquake rupture and to identify the faults activated by the earthquake.Azimuthal displacement analysis indicates that the surface rupture is about 55 km long,running from the epicenter to the southeast,trending N310°W,with a relative displacement of～1 m characterized by sinistral slip.The result of range displacement observations indicates that the north wall of the fault is dominated by decreases(i.e.,uplift in line of sight observations) ,whereas in the south wall of the fault,the range displacement is dominated by increases(drops in line of sight observations) .Given the position from which the images were recorded,this means that the north wall moves westward,and the south wall move eastward,i.e.,left-lateral slip motion across the fault.Finally,an earthquake disaster assessment using computer-assisted image analysis software shows that buildings near the fault rupture have been destroyed most heavily;therefore,the shape of the heavily damage belt is controlled partially by the fault rupture's geometry and the damage degree relates to the magnitude of displacement field.