Objective To evaluate the effect of midazolam alone on sedation in young children for dental restorative care. Methods Forty children, aged 5 to 10 years with a mean age of 7.3 years, participated in this study. Twent...Objective To evaluate the effect of midazolam alone on sedation in young children for dental restorative care. Methods Forty children, aged 5 to 10 years with a mean age of 7.3 years, participated in this study. Twenty-one patients were assigned to intervention group received 0. 5 mg/kg of oral midazolam 20 minutes prior to the beginning of dental treatment, and 19 patients in control group received placebo liquid 20 minutes before treatment. All patients received painless local anesthetic injection and were restrained with children＇s board and bands. Blood pressure （ BP）, heart rate （HR）, oxygen saturation, treatment compliance scores of the Ramsay scale, the Briekopf and Butmer scale, Frankl scale, and the Houpt scale were recorded. Each procedure was taped and all the data were evaluated every 5 minutes by an anesthetist or experienced dentist who was unaware of the drug given to the child. Results HR in intervention group （82. 5 ± 5.1 bpm） was much lower than that in control group （95.2 ± 8.9 bpm; F=31.20, P 〈0. 001 ）. Intervention group had a significantly lower systolic BP level （94.8±5.6 mmHg） than control group （98.5±5.5 mm Hg; F=4. 34, P =0. 04）, but the diastolic BP （63.0 ± 3.5 mm Hg） was not significantly lower than control group （ 65.5 ± 4. 8 mm Hg; F = 3.31, P = 0. 07 ）. Children in intervention group showed more compliance. The patients＇ scores of the Ramsay scale, Briekopf and Buttner scale, Frankl scale, and Houpt scale in intervention group （ 1.37 ± 0. 96, 1.37 ± 0. 83, 1.32 ± 0. 67, and 2. 32 ± 1.49, respectively） were significantly lower than those in control group （3.71 ± 1.23, 2.71 ± 0. 96, 2.71 ± 0. 90, and 4.71 ± 1.19 ; F = 44. 66, 22. 36, 30.39,and 31.88,respectively,all P〈0.001） Conclusions Oral midazolam alone is safe and produces effective sedation for the dental treatment of young children. Oral midazolam application should be generally preferred because it is more easily accepted by pediatric patients.展开更多
AIM:To assess nutrition,physical activity and health-ful knowledge in obese children with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH or NA)compared to children without liver disease.METHODS:Children with biopsy-p...AIM:To assess nutrition,physical activity and health-ful knowledge in obese children with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH or NA)compared to children without liver disease.METHODS:Children with biopsy-proven NASH comprised the NASH group.Age,sex and ethnicity matched control groups consisted of obese(OB)and lean(CO) children with no liver disease.Subjects were adminis-tered the School Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey and one blood draw was obtained.RESULTS:Fifty-seven patients were enrolled with a mean age of 12.1±2.1 years,and all were Hispanic.Even though the OB and NA had a similar increased body mass index(%),35%of the NA group always read nutrition labels compared to none in the OB(P<0.05),and more NA children felt their diet is"less healthy".NA consumed the least amount of fruits with only 25%having≥1 fruit/d vs 45%in OB and 64.7% in CO(P<0.05 NA vs CO).Only 15%of NA subjects performed light exercise vs 35%and 59%of OB and CO groups,respectively(P=0.02).The mean physical activity score was lowest in the NA group(P<0.05).Amongst the subjects with NASH,we found that 100% of patients with grade 2 or 3 fibrosis had a sedentary score>2 compared to only 63.6%of those with grade 1 or no fibrosis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Children with NASH had increased sedentary behavior,decreased activity,and fruit intake.Larger studies may determine the benefit of changing these behaviors as treatment for NASH.展开更多
The development of kids toothpaste in Chinese market has been introduced, and the common characterisUcs of kids toothpaste in the production and sales have been analyzed. Through the analysis of the characteristics of...The development of kids toothpaste in Chinese market has been introduced, and the common characterisUcs of kids toothpaste in the production and sales have been analyzed. Through the analysis of the characteristics of kids oral care, the special technical requirements of kids toothpaste are elucidated. Finally, suggestions for the future development of kids toothpaste are put forward.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is utilizing quasi-experimental study to evaluate the educational value of a documentary film for transitional care about children dental health management The method used in this study is a ...The purpose of this paper is utilizing quasi-experimental study to evaluate the educational value of a documentary film for transitional care about children dental health management The method used in this study is a pre-post survey among nurse viewers. The study was completed over a 12-month period. In the experimental group, when the nurses watched the documentary film, they evaluated the documentary film highly and reported an intention to change their transitional care practice and mind as a result of watching the documentary film. Following viewing, children and their parents felt more strongly that ＂children with dental problems should meet with a nurse early＂ and that ＂transitional care greatly impacts children oral health＂. As a result, a documentary film about oral transitional care is an effective educational tool to improve nurses＇ transitional care awareness among children about the importance and needs of children. The results suggest that if significant modifications are obtained, this approach can be an efficient way applicable to other contexts of patient care.展开更多
3D city models associate a database of a city to a rigorous geospatial representation that is close to the visible reality by combining appearance, geometry, and semantics. As such, these models may include tools that...3D city models associate a database of a city to a rigorous geospatial representation that is close to the visible reality by combining appearance, geometry, and semantics. As such, these models may include tools that convey attribute analysis, not only at the statistical level but also in terms of visual appearance of the objects, thus allowing the generation of new knowledge about a phenomenon or its effects. Lisbon is a city with a moderate level of seismic risk, and has been hit in the past by strong earthquakes. Several seismic vulnerability studies of buildings have been carried out in Lisbon. These studies generate different scenarios that consider the magnitude and source location of potential earthquakes. The results of these studies were presented as maps obtained from crossing information contained in 2D layers and presented in a GIS environment. In the present study a seismic vulnerability assessment of Lisbon's buildings held in 2D is extended to the third dimension, which refines the resolution and the set of parameters and explores the gains of spatial analysis in 3D representations. The numerous parameters that contribute to assess seismic vulnerability of buildings may be analyzed individually or simultaneously as well as in multiple seismic scenarios. Although covering all residential buildings in Lisbon, the application of the 3Dcity model is demonstrated with more detail in three pilot areas.展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate the effect of midazolam alone on sedation in young children for dental restorative care. Methods Forty children, aged 5 to 10 years with a mean age of 7.3 years, participated in this study. Twenty-one patients were assigned to intervention group received 0. 5 mg/kg of oral midazolam 20 minutes prior to the beginning of dental treatment, and 19 patients in control group received placebo liquid 20 minutes before treatment. All patients received painless local anesthetic injection and were restrained with children＇s board and bands. Blood pressure （ BP）, heart rate （HR）, oxygen saturation, treatment compliance scores of the Ramsay scale, the Briekopf and Butmer scale, Frankl scale, and the Houpt scale were recorded. Each procedure was taped and all the data were evaluated every 5 minutes by an anesthetist or experienced dentist who was unaware of the drug given to the child. Results HR in intervention group （82. 5 ± 5.1 bpm） was much lower than that in control group （95.2 ± 8.9 bpm; F=31.20, P 〈0. 001 ）. Intervention group had a significantly lower systolic BP level （94.8±5.6 mmHg） than control group （98.5±5.5 mm Hg; F=4. 34, P =0. 04）, but the diastolic BP （63.0 ± 3.5 mm Hg） was not significantly lower than control group （ 65.5 ± 4. 8 mm Hg; F = 3.31, P = 0. 07 ）. Children in intervention group showed more compliance. The patients＇ scores of the Ramsay scale, Briekopf and Buttner scale, Frankl scale, and Houpt scale in intervention group （ 1.37 ± 0. 96, 1.37 ± 0. 83, 1.32 ± 0. 67, and 2. 32 ± 1.49, respectively） were significantly lower than those in control group （3.71 ± 1.23, 2.71 ± 0. 96, 2.71 ± 0. 90, and 4.71 ± 1.19 ; F = 44. 66, 22. 36, 30.39,and 31.88,respectively,all P〈0.001） Conclusions Oral midazolam alone is safe and produces effective sedation for the dental treatment of young children. Oral midazolam application should be generally preferred because it is more easily accepted by pediatric patients.
基金Supported by National Institute of Health[NIH K12 RR 17665(Morey Haymond,MD(PI)C Wayne Smith,MD(Mentor)]
文摘AIM:To assess nutrition,physical activity and health-ful knowledge in obese children with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH or NA)compared to children without liver disease.METHODS:Children with biopsy-proven NASH comprised the NASH group.Age,sex and ethnicity matched control groups consisted of obese(OB)and lean(CO) children with no liver disease.Subjects were adminis-tered the School Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey and one blood draw was obtained.RESULTS:Fifty-seven patients were enrolled with a mean age of 12.1±2.1 years,and all were Hispanic.Even though the OB and NA had a similar increased body mass index(%),35%of the NA group always read nutrition labels compared to none in the OB(P<0.05),and more NA children felt their diet is"less healthy".NA consumed the least amount of fruits with only 25%having≥1 fruit/d vs 45%in OB and 64.7% in CO(P<0.05 NA vs CO).Only 15%of NA subjects performed light exercise vs 35%and 59%of OB and CO groups,respectively(P=0.02).The mean physical activity score was lowest in the NA group(P<0.05).Amongst the subjects with NASH,we found that 100% of patients with grade 2 or 3 fibrosis had a sedentary score>2 compared to only 63.6%of those with grade 1 or no fibrosis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Children with NASH had increased sedentary behavior,decreased activity,and fruit intake.Larger studies may determine the benefit of changing these behaviors as treatment for NASH.
文摘The development of kids toothpaste in Chinese market has been introduced, and the common characterisUcs of kids toothpaste in the production and sales have been analyzed. Through the analysis of the characteristics of kids oral care, the special technical requirements of kids toothpaste are elucidated. Finally, suggestions for the future development of kids toothpaste are put forward.
文摘The purpose of this paper is utilizing quasi-experimental study to evaluate the educational value of a documentary film for transitional care about children dental health management The method used in this study is a pre-post survey among nurse viewers. The study was completed over a 12-month period. In the experimental group, when the nurses watched the documentary film, they evaluated the documentary film highly and reported an intention to change their transitional care practice and mind as a result of watching the documentary film. Following viewing, children and their parents felt more strongly that ＂children with dental problems should meet with a nurse early＂ and that ＂transitional care greatly impacts children oral health＂. As a result, a documentary film about oral transitional care is an effective educational tool to improve nurses＇ transitional care awareness among children about the importance and needs of children. The results suggest that if significant modifications are obtained, this approach can be an efficient way applicable to other contexts of patient care.
基金partially supported by the Project FCT UID/GEO/50019/2013-Instituto Dom Luiz
文摘3D city models associate a database of a city to a rigorous geospatial representation that is close to the visible reality by combining appearance, geometry, and semantics. As such, these models may include tools that convey attribute analysis, not only at the statistical level but also in terms of visual appearance of the objects, thus allowing the generation of new knowledge about a phenomenon or its effects. Lisbon is a city with a moderate level of seismic risk, and has been hit in the past by strong earthquakes. Several seismic vulnerability studies of buildings have been carried out in Lisbon. These studies generate different scenarios that consider the magnitude and source location of potential earthquakes. The results of these studies were presented as maps obtained from crossing information contained in 2D layers and presented in a GIS environment. In the present study a seismic vulnerability assessment of Lisbon's buildings held in 2D is extended to the third dimension, which refines the resolution and the set of parameters and explores the gains of spatial analysis in 3D representations. The numerous parameters that contribute to assess seismic vulnerability of buildings may be analyzed individually or simultaneously as well as in multiple seismic scenarios. Although covering all residential buildings in Lisbon, the application of the 3Dcity model is demonstrated with more detail in three pilot areas.
