一位书生的忧与乐——李元度简论

咸丰同治年间乘时兴起的湘军,驰骋江南,终以镇压太平天国运动创立首功,挽清室于倾颓,载战绩于史册。湘军的特点之一,是它的主要将领多不出身于行伍,而夺门于书斋,上自曾国藩,下至不少提督总兵,类皆如此。李元度便是由教书先生而走上挎刀跃马生涯的。

李元度与《国朝先正事略》

李元度(1821——1887年),字次青,一字芴庭,自号天岳山樵,晚年更号超然老人。湖南平江人,是晚清著名史家之一。李元度一生治军20余年,然以超人之才智,惊人之毅力,成就了《国朝先正事略》(以下简称《事略》)。在私人编撰的清代史书中,其篇帙浩繁,内容宏富,虽非第一流史学著作,但对研治清史来说,“裨益于史学甚伟,学者不可不披览之”。借迄今尚乏专文论述,本文拟对李元度与《事略》作一初浅探研,求方家斧正。

杭州千岛湖开元度假村:华东度假第一村

千岛湖位于浙江淳安县境内,是国务院首批公布的44处国家级风景名胜区之一,也是目前国内最大的国家级森林公园。千岛湖573平方公里,以"千碧水画中游"的美丽景色而著称。"青山不墨千秋画,碧水无弦万古琴",千岛湖美韵天成,烟波浩淼碧水环绕着1078个芊芊湖岛。

Strength criterion for crystalline rocks considering grain size effect and tensile-compressive strength ratio

The macroscopic mechanical properties of rocks are significantly influenced by their microstructure.As a material bonded by mineral grains,the grain morphology of crystalline rock is the primary factor influencing the strength.However,most strength criteria neglect the strength variations caused by different grain characteristics in rocks.Furthermore,the traditional linear criteria tend to overestimate tensile strength and exhibit apex singularity.To address these shortcomings,a piecewise strength criterion that considers the grain size effect has been proposed.A part of an ellipse was employed to construct the envelope of the tensive-shear region on the meridian plane,to accurately reproduce the low tensile-compressive strength ratio.Based on the analysis of experimental data,both linear and exponential modification functions that account for grain size effects were integrated into the proposed criterion.The corresponding finite element algorithm has been implemented.The accuracy and applicability of the proposed criterion were validated by comparing with the experimental data.

An Intelligent Learning Algorithm for Improving BIM Object Classification and Recognition

Building information modeling(BIM)object classification takes a lot of time and energy.Misclassification or omission of any object may lead to the emergence of abnormal results,which have a great impact on the project workflow and results.Roundly understanding BIM object classification,by improving Swin Transformer classifier algorithm parameters,using the model primitives extracted from IFC format BIM model file,deep learning of 7 types of BIM object categories is taken.Through the performance and evaluation indicators obtained in training,the results improve the classification accuracy.

Numerical Simulation of Multiple Collisions Between Ice Ridge and Polar Ship

Ships navigating in ice-covered regions will inevitably collide with ice ridges.Compared to other ice bodies,ice ridges exhibit more complicated mechanical behaviors due to the scale and structure characteristics.In this paper,nonlinear finite element method is used to investigate the interaction between a polar ship and an ice ridge.The ice ridge is modelled as elastic-plastic material based on Drucker-Prager yield function,with the consideration of the influence of cohesion,friction angle and material hardening.The material model is developed in LS-DYNA and solved using semi-implicit mapping algorithm.The stress distribution of ice ridge and ship,and the ice load history are evaluated through the simulation of multiple collisions.In addition,parametric analysis is performed to investigate the influence of ridge thickness and impact velocity on the ice load and energy absorption.

论曾国藩与何桂清争夺江浙地盘的斗争

反动派内部,为了争权夺利,各树门墙,派系众多,互相倾轧排挤,自古已然。一八五四年春,曾国藩筹建成地主武装湘军,他说:湘军“营官由统领挑选,哨弁由营官挑选,什长由哨弁挑选,勇丁由什长挑选。譬之木焉,统领如根,由根而生干、生枝、生叶,皆一气所贯通。是以口粮虽出自公款,而勇丁感营官挑选之恩,皆若受其私惠”,故能唯命是从。实际上,统领皆由曾国藩精心选择委派,“譬之木焉”,曾国藩是根,统领是干,营官、哨弁是枝叶。统领、营官等的官职、薪俸虽出于朝廷,但统领等感曾国藩委派之恩,“皆若受其私惠”。因此,曾国藩对洲军拥有绝对的指挥权,也只有他能指挥湘军。湘军是近代中国第一支军阀队伍,曾国藩是近代中国的第一个军阀。曾国藩统率的湘军又是一支独立于八旗、绿营兵之外的队伍,

IMPROVED ACO SCHEDULING ALGORITHM BASED ON FLEXIBLE PROCESS

An improved ant colony optimization （ACO） algorithm is utilized in cell scheduling of the flexible manufaturing process for considering the instrument constraint, manufacturing cost and time. Firstly, the initial weighted directional diagram is set up. Secondly, the algorithm based on the dynamic pheromone updating ensures the quick convergence and the optimal solution, thus improving the feasibility and the stability of the schedule system. Aiming at reducing collaboration with external partners, decreasing the total cost and balancing the production process, the algorithm is efficient in supporting the management process of the manufacturing cell and in strengthening the information arrangement capabitity of the scheduling system. Finally, experimental results of the improved algorithm are compared with those of other algorithms.

Effects of PVP K30 on Aqueous Solubility and Dissolution Propertiesof Daidzein

AimTo study effects of PVP K30 on the aque ou s solubility and dissolution properties of daidzein. Methods To measure the aqueous solubility and dissolution rates of daidzein in three diffe rent states (within solid dispersions, physical mixtures and as a pure drug) and investigate drug-polymer interactions in the solid state using X-ray powder d iffraction and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Results The negative values of the Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of transfer explaine d the spontaneous transfer of daidzein from phosphate buffer solution (PBS) to a solution of PVP in PBS. X-ray powder diffraction patterns showed that the drug was in the amorphous state (ratio of the drug ∶ PVP<1∶5) when dispers ed i n PVP K30. The infrared spectra indicated there exist interactions between the O H of daidzein and the C=O of PVP K30. Conclusionthe dispersion of daidzein in PVP K30 considerably enhances the solubility and dissolution rat e.

Application of the Sub-Model Method in the Engine Strength Analysis

On the basis of introducing the fundamental theory and the basic analysis steps of the sub model method, the strength of the new engine complex assembly structure was analyzed according to the properties of the engine structures, some of the key parts of the engine were analyzed with refined mesh by sub model method and the error of the FEM solution was estimated by the extrapolation method. The example showed that the sub model can not only analyze the comlex structures without the restriction of the software and hardware of the computers, but get the more precise analysis result also. This method is more suitable for the strength analysis of the complex assembly structure.

Rigorous back analysis of shear strength parameters of landslide slip

A rigorous back analysis of shear strength parameters of landslide slip was presented. Kinematical element method was adopted to determine factor of safety and critical failure surface, which overcomes the disadvantage of limit equilibrium method. The theoretical relationship between the combination of shear strength parameters and stability state was studied. The results show that the location of critical slip surface, F/tan f and F/c depend only on the value of c/tan f. The failure surface moves towards the inside of slope as c/tan f increases. According to the information involving factor of safety and critical failure surface in a specific cross-section, strength parameters can be back calculated based on the above findings. Three examples were given for demonstrating the validity of the present method. The shear strength parameters obtained by back analysis are almost consistent with their correct solutions or test results.

Effect of process parameters on sheath forming of continuous extrusion sheathing of aluminum

The effect of flow passage length in the die cavity and extrusion wheel velocity on the shape of aluminum sheath during the continuous extrusion sheathing process was analyzed by using finite element methods based on software DEFORM 3D and experimentally validated. The results show that by increasing the flow passage length, the velocity of metal at the cross-section of sheath tends toward uniformity, the values of the bending angles of sheath gradually approach the ideal value of zero and the cross-section exhibits a better shape. The extrusion wheel velocity has negligible effects on the bending shape and cross-section of the sheath product when a long flow passage is used.

MULTIVARIATE ABSOLUTE DEGREE OF GREY INCIDENCE BASED ON DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF POINTS

The analysis result of absolute degree of grey incidence for multivariate time series is often inconsistent with the qualitative analysis. To overcome this shortage, a multivariate absolute degree of grey incidence based on distribution characteristics of points is proposed. Based on the geometric description of multivariate time se- ries, the neighborhood extrema are extracted in the different regions, and a characteristic point set is constructed. Then according to the distribution of the characteristic point set, a characteristic point sequence reflecting the ge- ometric features of multivariate time series is obtained. The incidence analysis between multivariate time series is transformed into the relational analysis between characteristic point sequences, and a grey incidence model is established. The model possesses the properties of translational invariance, transpose and rank transform invari- ance, and satisfies the grey incidence analysis axioms. Finally, two cases are studied and the results prove the ef- fectiveness of the model.

林则徐的学风和政风

林则徐(1785—1850)是我国近代初期反抗外国侵略的伟大爱国者,也是首先锐意了解西方、学习西方先进经验的政治改革家.他的丰功伟绩为中外所熟知,所景仰.我们纪念他,学习他的实干精神,对于建设社会主义现代化的祖国更是具有现实意义.

清湘籍作家张岳龄及其《铁瓶诗钞》

我们的古典文学作家作品研究,往往注重于“大家”。这固然无可非议,因为“大家”在文学史上具有典型意义,必须深入研究。但是,不太为人所知的“小家”也须兼顾。特别是作为具有地方色彩的湘籍作家作品研究,更应将视野放宽一些,否则偌大一个湖南,仅就是王夫之等几位知名人物,多少显得单调了点。要了解湖南文学的发展和全貌,应该研究大量的“小家”。但这并非易事,首先资料缺乏,一般正史不载,前人也很少有专门研究成果可供参考,有时为一个小问题要翻不少书,还得进行鉴别。

EFFECT OF TOOL-PATH ON MILLING ACCURACY UNDER CLAMPING

To resolve the deformation problem for thin-walled aero-parts in the actual production, this paper simulates the effect of the tool-path on the machining accuracy of the thin-walled frame. The frame is shaped in the part milling under a given clamping condition by using the three-dimensional finite element method （FEM）. Result shows that the sidewall deformation has a big difference if only the tool-path changes. When the tool-path from the outside to the inside is used, the machining deformation is smaller than another three kinds of toolpaths. Simulation results are compared with experimental data, and the correctness of the simulation is verified.Reasonable processing paths can be found by FEM.

Mechanisms underlying low [Ca^(2+)]_o-induced increased excitability of hippocampal neurons

Objective Concentration of extracellular calcium （[Ca2＋]o） in the central nervous system decreases substantially in different conditions. It results in facilitating neuronal excitability. The goal of this study is to examine the mechanisms of enhanced neuronal excitation in low [Ca2＋]o in order to provide new clues to treat the hyperexcitability diseases in clinic. Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp technique and neuron culture were used in the study. Results The firing threshold of cultured hippocampal neurons decreased markedly in low [Ca2＋]o saline. Unexpectedly, apamine and isoprenaline, antagonists of medium afterhyperpolarization （mAHP） and slow AHP （sAHP） respectively, had no statistic significant effect on excitability of neurons. TTX at a low concentration was sufficient to inhibit/Nap, which blocked the increase of firing frequency in low [Ca2＋]o. It also reduced the number of spikes in normal [Ca2＋]o. Conclusion These results suggest that in cultured hippocampal neurons, modulation of spiking threshold but not AHP may cause the increased excitability in low [Ca2＋]o.

曾国藩的拟奏幕友

曾国藩的拟奏幕友王澧华在封建时代，上奏朝廷的章疏，实为人臣切实之要务。军政大员开幕纳宾，其首要物色对象，便是思维缜密、文笔条畅的拟奏幕友。曾国藩幕府号称当时第一，仅拟奏一项，先后有１０余人参与其事。兹择其任事较久、信任较专者，考察其生平行事及在幕经历...

Exchange general rings

The exchange rings without unity, first introduced by Ara, are further investigated. Some new characterizations and properties of exchange general rings are given. For example, a general ring I is exchange if and only if for any left ideal L of I and a^-= a^-2 ∈I/L, there exists w ∈ r. ureg（I） such that w^- = a^-; E（R, I） （ the ideal extension of a ring R by its ideal I） is an exchange ring if and only if R and I are both exchange. Furthermore, it is presented that if I is a two-sided ideal of a unital ring R and I is an exchange general ring, then every central element of I is a clean element in 1.