适宜元谋热区栽培的葡萄品种及关键栽培技术

元谋位于滇中北部金沙江畔,这里高温干旱,地面水份年蒸发量是年降雨量的6.4倍,年均霜期只有2天,日照充足,素有“天然温室”之称,是全国著名的早熟优质商品鲜食葡萄产区,若早、中、晚熟品种搭配栽培,并配套避雨、大棚等设施和二次结果、延迟栽培、促早栽培等技术措施,这里的鲜食葡萄几乎可以周年上市,其中以11月上旬至次年5月中旬期间成熟上市的单价最高。1970~2022年,元谋先后从全国各地引种试验过近300个鲜食葡萄品种,其中2001年底以前即引种试验过105个品种。但这里的气候和土壤对葡萄品种非常挑剔,能规模化商品生产的品种很少。目前较大面积栽培的只有无核白鸡心、红地球、夏黑、阳光玫瑰和希姆劳特等5个品种,火焰无核、茉莉香、摩尔多瓦、户太8号、新郁、红艳无核、深红无籽、葡之梦、甜蜜蓝宝石等栽培面积很小。2011~2022年间,元谋热区又引进了200余个鲜食品种(系)试验种植,表现好的也只有“光辉”“东11-1”“东30-1”“东方指”“深红无籽”“浪漫红颜”等几个。本文把元谋热区30多年的引种试验结果、育种成效和栽培经验与大家一起分享。

元谋干热区退化山地复合生态农业模式自然资源的利用研究

通过对元谋干热区退化山地复合生态农业模式3年的监测，分析总结了4种复合生态农业模式系统对光能、水分、土地3种自然资源的利用效率，并与单作系统进行了比较。结果表明，复合模式系统的总光能的利用率、总水分利用率和土地利用率都比单作系统有明显的提高，说明多层次的复合生态农业模式系统的建立，更有利于光、水、土地自然资源的充分高效利用。

元谋干热区旱坡地生态果园建设模式

金沙江干热区光热条件充足,适宜发展各种果树,但旱坡地发展果树难度大。据此,本文从生态农业的角度,介绍关键的技术措施、适用的生态工程。说明建设生态果园既减少水土流失,又促进农村经济的发展。

元谋干热区薤的引种和繁殖

薤（Allium chinense G.Don）又名野蒜、藠头、藠白、野小蒜、小根蒜、山蒜、菜芝、小根菜等,为百合科葱属多年生植物,在我国主要分布于云南、四川、贵州、江西、福建、东北等省区,野生于田间、山野路旁、山坡草地、林缘灌丛间,

元谋干热河谷区热带优良牧草引种试验研究

对2003年引进的15个热带优良牧草进行了适应性试验研究，以筛选出适宜元谋干热河谷种植的优良品种。结果表明，参试的15个牧草在本地区均能越早，正常生长。产量排在前3位的品种为杂交臂形草、6901坚尼草、T58坚尼草，年均干草产量分别为28480kg／hm^2、25515．5kg／hm^2、24308．5kg／hm^2。杂交臂形草比对照品种1，2，3分别增产56．5％、123．9％、76．9％；6901坚尼草比对照品种1，2，3分别增产40．2％、100．7％、58．5％；T58坚尼草比对照品种1、2、3分别增产33．5％、91．2％、51％。总体看所有参试种质叶量比茎多，品质好。

Surface Morphology of Soil Cracks in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Region,Southwest China

Surface morphology of soil cracks is one of the important factors influencing the water evaporation rate in cracked soil in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Region,Southwest China. Quantitative study of the complicated surface morphology of soil cracks is a prerequisite for further studies of soil-cracking mechanisms. The present paper establishes a quantitative indicator system by application of concepts and methods originating from Fractal Geometry and Network Analysis. These indicators can effectively express the complicated features of soil-crack network structure. Furthermore,a series of values related to soil-crack morphology was obtained by image processing on field photos of soil-crack quads,and gradation criteria for the degree of development of soil cracks were determined. Finally,the changes in values of the morphological indicators under different degrees of development were analyzed in detail. Our results indicate that (1) the degree of development of soil cracks can be divided into five grades,i.e.,feeble development,slight development,medium development,intensive development and extremely intensive development; (2) the values of the indicators change predictably with increasing degree of development of soil cracks. The area density (Dc) increases,and both the area-weighted mean ratio of crack area to perimeter (AWMARP),which reflects the intensity of cracking,and the index r,which is related to the connectivity of a soil crack,grow uniformly (albeit with different forms). AWMRAP increases at a geometric rate while r shows logarithm-mic growth,indicating a gradual increase in theconnectivity of a soil crack. Nevertheless,the area-weighted mean of soil-crack fractal dimension (AWMFRAC) shows a decreasing trend,indicating a gradual decline in the complexity of cracks as area density increases.

Simulation of Morphological Development of Soil Cracks in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Region, Southwest China

Soil cracking is an important process influencing water and solutes transport in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley region of Southwest China. Studying the morphological development of soil cracks helps to further reveal the close relationship between the soil cracking process and water movement in such semi-arid regions. Here we report regular changes on surface morphology of soil cracks with decreasing water in four different soils (Typ-Ustic Ferrisols,Ver-Ustic Ferrisols,Tru-Ustic Vertisols and Typ-Ustic Vertisols) through simulation experiments. Our results indicate the following: 1) Different soils ultimately have different development degrees of soil cracks,according to their various values of crack area density. Soil cracks in Typ-Ustic Ferrisols can only develop to the feeble degree,while those in the other three soils are capable of developing into the intensive degree,and even into the extremely intensive degree. 2) Soil crack complexity,as expressed by the value of the area-weighted mean of crack fractal dimension (AWMFRAC),is found to continuously decrease as a whole through the whole cracking process in all the studied soils. 3) Soil crack connectivity shows a uniform trend in the studied soils,that is to say,connectivity gradually increases with soil crack development.