部分充填周期性裂隙岩体渗流理论分析与试验

为研究部分充填周期性裂隙岩体的渗流特性,建立了岩体渗流分析模型.基于无充填裂隙中流体满足Navier-Stokes方程和多孔介质中渗流满足Brinkman-extended Darcy方程,采用不同介质交界面流速相等且剪应力连续的边界条件,推求出部分充填周期性裂隙岩体中流体的流速分布,并给出了岩体等效渗透率的理论表达式.研制渗透试验装置,选用混凝土模拟岩石基质,混凝土间的缝隙模拟岩体裂隙,砂岩模拟充填物,进行部分填充裂隙岩体的等效渗透试验.试验测得的结果与理论计算值相比,二者差值很小,试验很好地验证了等效渗透率表达式的有效性.

无充填周期性裂缝岩体的等效渗透系数

为研究无充填周期性裂缝岩体的渗流特性,建立地下水流动分析模型,该模型假定裂缝和岩石交界面流速相等且剪应力连续。根据分析模型的边界条件,由连续性方程分别联立Navier-Stokes方程和Brinkman-extended Darcy方程,推求出裂缝和岩石中水流的流速分布。结合线性Darcy定律,推导出无充填周期性裂缝岩体沿裂缝方向等效渗透系数的理论表达式,该表达式揭示了裂缝开度对等效渗透系数起控制作用。为进一步验证理论模型推求的成果,研制试验装置开展渗流试验;试验时用混凝土模拟岩石,用混凝土间缝隙模拟岩石裂缝;试验测得的平均渗透系数和理论计算得到的等效渗透系数在同一量级,且相差很小。试验结果验证了所推求等效渗透系数表达式的正确性和可靠性。

Lake-margin ecosystems of saline lakes of the Borzya group(Zabaikalsky Krai, Russia) during the initial filling phase

This article presents the results of hydrochemical and hydrobiological studies of shallow saline lakes of the Borzya group(Zabaikalsky Krai, Russia) at the initial filling phase. The lake-margin ecosystems of the studied lakes are characterized by varying degrees of salinity from polyhaline to brine water. Cyclical variations of meteorological conditions and high salinity determined that the compositions of the aquatic organisms are specific, mostly between stenohaline and euryhaline species, the quantities are low, and the community structures are simple.

Accumulation process and model for the Ordovician buried hill reservoir in the western Lunnan area,the Tarim Basin

The Ordovician buried hill reservoir in the western Lunnan area, a type of dissolved fracture and cavernous reservoir, is mainly composed of heavy oil. The oil is the mixture sourcing from the Middle-Lower Cambrian and Middle-Lower Ordovician, with three stages of pool forming process: (1) the destruction and parallel migration/accumulation during the late Caledonian to early Hercynian; (2) the oil and gas accumulation during the late Hercynian characterized by adjustment upward along faults and parallel migration/accumulation; (3) the formation of heavy oil during the latest Hercynian. The Ordovician buried hill reservoir is affected by the diffusion of light oil and gas but had no hydrocarbon charging during the late Yanshan period to Himalayan period, but in this period, formed the association of heavy oil and dissolved gas cracked from crude oil with dry coefficient of 0.91-0.96. The study on accumulation process of the Ordovician buried hill reservoir has important implications for the exploration potential of early oil and gas accumulation in the cratonic area of the Tarim Basin.

Sedimentary filling and sequence structure dominated by T-R cycles of the Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin

The Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin is a symmetrical sequence of progradation-retrogradation,and is formed in the transgression cycle and regression cycle(T-R cycles)of the base level of deposition.We analyzed the drilling,well logging,core data,and seismic profiles of basin level,and by using the sequence stratigraphy,identified one secondary sequence boundary,two third-order sequence boundaries,and eight fourth-order sequence boundaries in the Nenjiang Formation.These eleven sequence boundaries can be divided into structural unconformity,depositional unconformity,flooding surface,and forced regression surface.Therefore the Nenjiang Formation can be subdivided into one secondary sequence,three third-order sequences,and ten fourth-order sequences.We have restored the sedimentary filling evolution within the stratigraphic framework of fourth-order sequences in the Nenjiang Formation.The sedimentary period of the first member of the Nenjiang Formation was corresponded to the global transgression period,which is also the development period of transgression cycle(T cycle),when the lake basin had the largest scope and deepest sedimentary water,the SB07(the maximum flooding surface)was formed on the top of strata during this period;covering above the SB07,there developed a set of condensation layer-oil shale,which is distributed in the whole basin and is the important source bed and regional cover.Therefore,a retrogradation sequence was formed in the T cycle of the first member of the Nenjiang Formation,characterized by the retrograding delta at a low angle.The delta has a giant front,a small plain,and many underwater distributary channels.Meanwhile,large gravity flow channels and sublacustrine fans are developed in the front of the delta.During the depositional period of the second member of the Nenjiang Formation,the R cycle began to develop due to the compression of the pacific tectonic domain;the source direction rotated 90°along with the eastern uplifting of the basin,and formed a series of east-west prograded and forced retrogradations.The prograding delta at high angel was developed in the interior of the sequence;the delta had a small front,a giant plain,and fewer underwater distributary channels,with the collapse at the foreslope,forming a series of slump fans.The slump fans can be divided into three types:discrete type,superimposed type,and fluid type.We built a whole"triad model"of the slump fan.Pointed out that the sequence of forced retrogradation formed by R cycle is a good structural mark of basin optimization,and rejected the viewpoint of"transgression"in the Nenjiang Formation of the Songliao Basin.