Small-hydro power station is often used in remote areas beside a river,but it doesn't match electricity demand so well,especially in dry seasons. A photovoltaic (PV) system with battery is a suitable option to com...Small-hydro power station is often used in remote areas beside a river,but it doesn't match electricity demand so well,especially in dry seasons. A photovoltaic (PV) system with battery is a suitable option to complement the electricity gap. In this paper,a new structure of megawatt-class PV system integrating battery at DC-bus (DC: direct current) is proposed to be used in hydro/PV hybrid power system,and 4 main designing considerations and several key equipments are discussed. In 2011,a 2 MWp PV station with the proposed structure was built up in Yushu,China. From stability analysis,the station shows a strong stability under load cut-in/off and solar irradiance's fluctuation.展开更多
This report deals with some characteristics of the electric power system of Bulgaria. Emphasis is put on the benefits of joining the small photovoltaic plants in the tourist areas of the country. As an example of that...This report deals with some characteristics of the electric power system of Bulgaria. Emphasis is put on the benefits of joining the small photovoltaic plants in the tourist areas of the country. As an example of that the town of Pomorie is examined. Data on the quality of the consumed electric energy and the price per a four-member family are presented. The amount of the solar radiation for the town of Pomorie is audited through the PVGIS （Photovoltaic Geographical Information System）. Discussed are the types of photovoltaic panels offered on the market by manufacturers in terms of the received power efficiency. Developed is a model of creating a photovoltaic system on the roof of a house, inhabited by several families. Calculations are made on the cost of the electricity generated by the proposed system. Compared is the cost of the electricity supplied by the electricity provider EVN （Energie Verntinftig Nutzen） in the town of Pomorie to the one that will be obtained using the proposed PV-system.展开更多
The TBS （telecommunications base stations） on remote sites in the northern part of Cameroon are mainly supplied by a system of two generating units. Only a few TBS located in the Waza and Benue National Parks are po...The TBS （telecommunications base stations） on remote sites in the northern part of Cameroon are mainly supplied by a system of two generating units. Only a few TBS located in the Waza and Benue National Parks are powered by a PV （photovoltaic） solar system to avoid any disturbance to wildlife. It is against this background that we decided to do a comparative study on these two systems. This study focuses on the reliability of electrical quantities, the environmental impact and the installation and operating costs of these two major systems namely the GU （generating unit） system comprising two generating units and the PV system. In conducting this study, we took a sample of TBS including those located in the Badjouma and Waza localities. After collecting data from mobile telephony operators, measurements of electrical quantities on the sites for twelve consecutive months and updating costs, their operation reveal indicators that are surprising, to say the least. Concerning the reliability index, the PV system is estimated at 99.9% as against 97.8% for the GU system. As for environmental impact, the mass of CO2 released by the GU system reached 1,707.5 tons in 25 years for a single TBS while the PV system produced no emissions. In addition to its contribution to climate change, the GU system pollutes its immediate environment through the spillage of waste and production of deafening noise. On the other hand, economic analysis shows mixed results. The GU system has a lower installation cost of $6,640 as against $174,550 for the PV system, whose investment cost is its main handicap. Regarding operating costs, the GU system peaks at $923,940 in 25 years while the PV system requires only $487,550 for the same duration.展开更多
基金Chinese Academy of Science (No.KGCX2- YW- 366)Ministry of Science and Technology(No. 2011AA05A106)
文摘Small-hydro power station is often used in remote areas beside a river,but it doesn't match electricity demand so well,especially in dry seasons. A photovoltaic (PV) system with battery is a suitable option to complement the electricity gap. In this paper,a new structure of megawatt-class PV system integrating battery at DC-bus (DC: direct current) is proposed to be used in hydro/PV hybrid power system,and 4 main designing considerations and several key equipments are discussed. In 2011,a 2 MWp PV station with the proposed structure was built up in Yushu,China. From stability analysis,the station shows a strong stability under load cut-in/off and solar irradiance's fluctuation.
文摘This report deals with some characteristics of the electric power system of Bulgaria. Emphasis is put on the benefits of joining the small photovoltaic plants in the tourist areas of the country. As an example of that the town of Pomorie is examined. Data on the quality of the consumed electric energy and the price per a four-member family are presented. The amount of the solar radiation for the town of Pomorie is audited through the PVGIS （Photovoltaic Geographical Information System）. Discussed are the types of photovoltaic panels offered on the market by manufacturers in terms of the received power efficiency. Developed is a model of creating a photovoltaic system on the roof of a house, inhabited by several families. Calculations are made on the cost of the electricity generated by the proposed system. Compared is the cost of the electricity supplied by the electricity provider EVN （Energie Verntinftig Nutzen） in the town of Pomorie to the one that will be obtained using the proposed PV-system.
文摘The TBS （telecommunications base stations） on remote sites in the northern part of Cameroon are mainly supplied by a system of two generating units. Only a few TBS located in the Waza and Benue National Parks are powered by a PV （photovoltaic） solar system to avoid any disturbance to wildlife. It is against this background that we decided to do a comparative study on these two systems. This study focuses on the reliability of electrical quantities, the environmental impact and the installation and operating costs of these two major systems namely the GU （generating unit） system comprising two generating units and the PV system. In conducting this study, we took a sample of TBS including those located in the Badjouma and Waza localities. After collecting data from mobile telephony operators, measurements of electrical quantities on the sites for twelve consecutive months and updating costs, their operation reveal indicators that are surprising, to say the least. Concerning the reliability index, the PV system is estimated at 99.9% as against 97.8% for the GU system. As for environmental impact, the mass of CO2 released by the GU system reached 1,707.5 tons in 25 years for a single TBS while the PV system produced no emissions. In addition to its contribution to climate change, the GU system pollutes its immediate environment through the spillage of waste and production of deafening noise. On the other hand, economic analysis shows mixed results. The GU system has a lower installation cost of $6,640 as against $174,550 for the PV system, whose investment cost is its main handicap. Regarding operating costs, the GU system peaks at $923,940 in 25 years while the PV system requires only $487,550 for the same duration.
