光化技术在苎麻脱胶废水处理中的运用

介绍在生化方法的基础上 ,引用光化技术 ,解决苎麻脱胶废水处理这一难题。

基于SDN的多域光网络虚拟化技术研究

随着网络虚拟化技术的发展,软件定义网络(SDN)应运而生,进一步推动了网络管理的现代化。SDN通过将网络控制层与数据转发层分离,实现了网络控制的集中化与程序化,极大地提高了网络配置和管理的灵活性。在网络虚拟化的背景下,SDN的引入不仅简化了网络管理,还提高了网络的可编程性和自动化水平,从而有效支撑了网络虚拟化技术的实际部署和运营。

X光可视化测井技术

在石油测井领域,油井性能不佳和井下故障不仅导致测井耗时,而且对经营者的盈利能力有显著影响。归根结底,其主要原因在于缺乏关于井下设备现状的可靠信息。为获取更丰富、更准确的井下信息,提高油井的产油、节约人力物力等成本,可视化测井技术开拓了石油测井新领域。可视化测井技术因具有所见即所得、直观,对于井内套管及装置表面形态、结构的检测具有其他检测方法难以比拟的优势,因此被广泛应用于石油测井相关领域。而一种基于可视化测井技术的优化技术——X光可视化测井技术,不但具有可视化测井技术的"直观、实时"的优点,而且利用X光具有良好的穿透性的特点,能穿透井中各种介质,很适用于油、气、水以及泥浆等混浊井液,该技术对我国的石油测井工作具有十分重大的现实意义。但由于国外X光可视化测井技术是保密的,国内还未有商业化的X光可视化测井仪。因此,对X光可视化测井关键技术的研究是十分必要的。本文主要介绍一种X光可视化测井技术,以及X光可视化测井仪——Visurayvr 90。

FTIR Spectroscopic Study of Broad Bean Diseased Leaves

[Objective] The aim was to indentify diseased leaves of broad bean by vibra- tional spectroscopy. [Method] In this paper, broad bean rust, fusarium rhizome rot, broad bean zonate spot, yellow leaf curl virus and normal leaves were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. [Result] The spectra of the samples were similar, only with minor differences in absorption inten- sity of several peaks. Second derivative analyses show that the significant difference of all samples was in the range of 1 200-700 cm2. The data in the range of 1 200- 700 cm＇ were selected to evaluate correlation coefficients, hierarchical cluster analy- sis （HCA） and principal component analysis （PCA）. Results showed that the correla- tion coefficients are larger than 0.928 not only between the healthy leaves, but also between the same diseased leaves. The values between healthy and diseased leaves, and among diseased leaves, are all declined. HCA and PCA yielded about 73.3% and 82.2% accuracy, respectively. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that FTIR techniques might be used to detect crop diseases.

Effect of Multiple Coatings of One-step Self-etching Adhesive on Microtensile Bond Strength to Primary Dentin

Objective To investigate the effect of multiple coatings of the one-step self-etching adhesive on immediate microtensile bond strength to primary dentin.Methods Twelve caries-free human primary molars were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 teeth each.In group 1,each tooth was hemisected into two halves.One half was assigned to control subgroup 1,which was bonded with a single-step self-etching adhesive according to the manufacturer's instructions;the other half was assigned to experimental subgroup 1 in which the adhesive was applied three times before light curing.In group 2,the teeth were also hemisected into two halves.One half was assigned to control subgroup 2,which was bonded with the single-step self-etching adhesive according to the manufacturer's instructions;the other half was assigned to experimental subgroup 2 in which three layers of adhesive were applied with light curing each successive layer.Microtensile bond strength was immediately tested after specimen preparation.Results When the adhesive was applied three times before light curing,the bond strength of the experimental subgroup 1(n=33,57.49±11.61 MPa) was higher than that of the control subgroup 1(n=31,49.71±11.43 MPa,P<0.05).When using the technique of applying multiple layers of adhesive with light curing each successive layer,no difference of immediate bond strength was observed between the control subgroup 2 and the experimental subgroup 2(P>0.05).Conclusion Multiple coatings of one-step self-etching adhesive can increase the immediate bond strength to primary dentin when using the technique of light-curing after applying three layers of adhesive.

Preparation of TiO_2 Coated on Fabrics and Their Photocatalytic Reactivity

Nanoscale titanium dioxide functional films were prepared on the surface of the cotton woven fabric and the polyester knitted fabric at room temperature by Radio Frequency （RF） magnetron sputtering process. The surface microstructure and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Photocatalytic property of two treated fabrics was tested in solar and ultraviolet （UV） radiation respectively, and their photocatalytic activity was compared. The results showed that the nanoscale titanium dioxide deposited on the surface of the treated fabrics was at different anastasia phase. The treated fabrics have excellent photocatalytic property, and after 30 launderings, the photocatalytic activity still maintained at a high level. Also, it indicated that the photocatalytic activity of the treated fabrics in UV radiation was higher than in solar radiation, but the effect wasn＇t very distinct. And at the same experimental magnetron sputtering parameters, the cotton coated with the nanoscale titanium dioxide showed better performance than the polyester fabric coated with the nanoscale titanium dioxide in terms of the photocatalytic property.

Few‐layer carbon nitride photocatalysts for solar fuels and chemicals:Current status and prospects

Converting sunlight directly to fuels and chemicals is a great latent capacity for storing renewable energy.Due to the advantages of large surface area,short diffusion paths for electrons,and more exposed active sites,few‐layer carbon nitride(FLCN)materials present great potential for production of solar fuels and chemicals and set off a new wave of research in the last few years.Herein,the recent progress in synthesis and regulation of FLCN‐based photocatalysts,and their applications in the conversion of sunlight into fuels and chemicals,is summarized.More importantly,the regulation strategies from chemical modification to microstructure control toward the production of solar fuels and chemicals has been deeply analyzed,aiming to inspire critical thinking about the effective approaches for photocatalyst modification rather than developing new materials.At the end,the key scientific challenges and some future trend of FLCN‐based materials as advanced photocatalysts are also discussed.

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V induced by annealing treatment

Ti-6Al-4V specimens were fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM)to study the effect of thermal treatment on the phase transformation,elemental diffusion,microstructure,and mechanical properties.The results show that vanadium enriches around the boundary ofαphases with increasing annealing temperature to 973 K,andα′phases transform intoα+βat 973 K.The typicalα′martensite microstructure transforms to fine-scale equiaxed microstructure at 973 K and the equiaxed microstructure significantly coarsens with increasing annealing temperature to 1273 K.The SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy annealed at 973 K exhibits a well-balanced combination of strength and ductility((1305±25)MPa and(37±3)%,respectively).

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Titanium(Ⅳ) Based on Oxidation Discoloration of Acid Chrome Blue K with Hydrogen Peroxide

A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of titanium(IV),based upon the catalytic effect of Ti(IV) on the oxidation of acid chrome blue K (ACBK) by hydrogen peroxide in 0.002 mol/L sulfuric acid,is described. The reaction rate is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of ACBK at 524 nm. The detection limit of the method is 1.01×10?9 g/mL,and the linear range is 0-0.048 mg/L. The influence of acidity,concentration of reactants,reaction time,reaction temperature and for-eign ions is also discussed. The optimum reaction conditions were established and some kinetic parameters determined. The apparent activation energy of the catalytic reaction is 5.32 kJ/mol. The relative standard deviation for the determi-nation of titanium(IV) at the concentration of 0.048 mg/L is calculated to be 1.31% (n = 11). In combination with sol-vent extraction separation,the method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace titanium(IV) in human hair,plant matter,tea and rock samples. The results are in good agreement with the certified values with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.4%-3.5%.

Microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion performance of selective laser melting Ti/GNPs composite with a porous structure

In this study,nano-graphene reinforced titanium matrix composites(GNPs/Ti)with a honeycomb porous structure were fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM).The effects of graphene on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion performance of the SLM GNPs/Ti were systematically investigated.Results of microstructure characterization show that:1)the density of the SLM GNPs/Ti was improved as compared to that of the SLM Ti;2)abundant TiC particles were formed in the SLM GNPs/Ti.The hardness and compressive strength of the composite increased by 90%(from HV 236 to HV 503)and 14%(from 277 MPa to 316 MPa),respectively,attributed to the uniformly distributed TiC and fine GNPs in the Ti matrix.Electrochemical tests reveal that the corrosion current density of the SLM GNPs/Ti is only 0.328μA/cm^(2),that is about 25%less than that of the SLM Ti.The results indicate that the incorporation of nano-graphene is a potential method to strengthen the Ti by SLM.

The Induction Period of Hydrate Formation in a Flow System

The appearance of turbidity due to large numbers of critical size hydrate nuclei may significantly affect the outgoing light intensity and the flow resistance in the pipe loop. The induction period of hydrate formation was determined by analyzing the experimental data——either based on the shading ratio data of laser detector or based on the pressure drop data of the flow system. The induction period of CC12F2 (R12) in pure water and that of CH4 in (tetrahydrofuran ＋ water) systems were then measured with the above two methods. Experimental data show that the induction period depends on the driving force exponentially. Flow rate also has a significant influence on the hydrate nucleation. A new induction period model taking the driving force and liquid flow rate into account was proposed. And it is successfully applied to the calculation of the induction period, which is in good agreement with the experimental data obtained in this study.

BiOCl-Bi12O17Cl2 nanocomposite with high visible-light photocatalytic activity prepared by an ultrasonic hydrothermal method for removing dye and pharmaceutical

A BiOCl-Bi12O17Cl2 nanocomposite with a high visible-light response and a low photoinduced electron-hole pair recombination rate was successfully synthesized using an ultrasonic-hydrothermal method.The texture,structure,optical,and photocatalytic properties of the composite were characterized.The results showed that the composite had a sheet flower-like structure with a large specific surface area.Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence spectra showed that the composite had an excellent visible-light response and a low recombination rate of photoinduced electron hole pairs.The photocatalytic property of the composite was evaluated by the removal efficiency of rhodamine B and ciprofloxacin under visible-light illumination.The composite’s reaction rate constant of removing rhodamine B(/ciprofloxacin)was approximately 8.14(/4.94),42.63(/11.91)and 64.66(/36.07)times that of Bi12O17Cl2,P25,and BiOCl,respectively.Furthermore,the composite showed a wide applicable pH range and excellent reusability.Mechanism analysis showed that photogenerated holes played a dominant role and·O2–also contributed to photocatalytic degradation.In summary,this study presents a high-efficiency photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.

Outlier Detection in Near Infra-Red Spectra with Self-Organizing Map

A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way with neural network. In this method, the number and organization of the neurons are selected by the characteristics of the spectra, e.g., the spectra data are often changed linearly with the concentration of the components and are often measured repeatedly, etc. So the spatial distribution of the neurons can be arranged by this characteristic. With this method, all the outliers in the spectra can be detected, which cannot be solved by the traditional method, and the speed of computation is higher than that of the traditional neural network method. The results of the simulation and the experiment show that this method is simple, effective, intuitionistic and all the outliers in the spectra can be detected in a short time. It is useful when associated with the regression model in the near infra-red research.

Technology of Laser Protection and Defrosting Film

A compound coating of electrically conductive and visible transparent film and laser protective film has been developed,this coating has light densities of no less than 4 against 0.53 μm and no less than 3 against 1.06 μm in the range of ±30° angular field.The average transmittance value as high as 60% from 0.4 μm to 0.7 μm has been achieved.The structures of the laser protective filters are compared.The refractive index of a compound material used in the matching layer has been given.Measured results of the laser protective film coating are compared with that of the compound coating.

Iron Arene Salts as Initiators for Thermal Curing of Epoxides by Photo-catalysis

[Cyclopentadien-Fe-naphthalene]BF4(CFN) and [cyclopentadien-Fe-anisole]BF4(CFA) as thermal cationic initiators for the curing of epoxide E44 and GGE were investigated. CFN brought out the curing of E44 at 89.1℃ and that of GGE at 148.7℃. However, CFA had much less thermal initiating activity under 300℃. Under UV radiation for short time, the thermal initiating activities of CFN and CFA were enhanced obviously. It was observed that the initiating onset temperature decreased and the evolved heat of the curing increased. Both CFN and CFA can carry out the polymerization of E44 and GGE near 85℃ and 112℃ by UV radiation.

HER-2 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of the breast cancers

Objective:The aim of this study was to study changes of HER-2 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the breast cancer cases.Methods:One hundred and thirty-seven female patients with primary breast cancers,who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy,underwent core needle puncture and Mammotome biopsy before chemotherapy,and the biopsy results were used as the basis of histological diagnosis,fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to test HER2 status of tumor tissues before and after chemotherapy.All patients underwent FEC,TE,or AC neoadjuvant chemotherapy of 2-6 cycles before surgery.Results:Twenty-two patients were positive according to FISH test among 137 preoperative patients,8 patients achieved pathological complete remission after chemotherapy (three HER-2 positive patients and five negative patients),91 patients achieved partial remission,24 patients were stable,and 14 cases were invalid.Twenty-two patients were positive according to FISH test (8 patients with pathological complete remission did not undergo test),and positive patients still expressed positively after chemotherapy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Three negative patients were converted to be positive,and changes before and after chemotherapy had no statistical difference (P>0.05).Conclusion:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy makes no influence on patients with HER-2 positive expression,while patients with negative expression can be converted to be positive,but without significant difference.

Photoelectric Inspecting Techniques for Parallelism and Swaying of Rocket

Introduced is a traditional method for measuring the swaying and multi-barrel parallelism, and deficiencies are analyzed too. Based on that, expatiated is a new method of using a set of equipments to measure the two parameters synthetically, adopting integrative photoelectric inspecting technique, laser technique and computer picture processing technique.

Facile Synthesis of 3D Porous Flower-like ZnO Micro/nanostructure Films and Their Photocatalytic Performance

3D porous flower-like ZnO micro/nanostructure films grown on Ti substrates are synthesized via a very facile electrodeposition technique followed by heat treatment process. The ZnO architecture is assembled with ultra thin sheets, which consist of numbers of nanoparticles and pores, and the size of the nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting the electrodepo- sition time or calcination temperature. It is worth noting that this synthetic method can provide an effective route for other porous metal oxide nanostructure films. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance shows the porous ZnO is an ideal photocatalyst.

Nitrate reduction by·CO_(2)^(-) from UV-activated HCOOH

To address the environmental and health hazards of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))in water,a denitrification advanced reduction process(ARP)using only formic acid(HCOOH)activated by ultraviolet(UV)light was proposed.The efficiency,influencing factors,mechanism,and kinetics of the reduction were investigated through component analysis and radical detection.Results show that,after 90 min of UV illumination,the reduction and gas conversion ratios of 50 mg/L NO_(3)^(-)-N reach 99.9%and 99.8%,respectively,under 9 mM of C_(0)(HCOOH),pH=3.0,and N_(2) aeration.Meanwhile,96.7%of HCOOH is consumed and converted into gas.The NO_(3)^(-)-N conversion process includes the transformation to NO_(2)^(-)-N,followed by a further reduction to gas and a direct conversion into gas,introducing small amounts of nitrite and ammonia.The carbon dioxide anion radical(·CO_(2)^(-))from HCOOH/HCOO^(-)is the principal cause of NO_(3)^(-)-N reduction by UV/HCOOH/N 2 ARP.In contrast,·CO_(2)^(-)production is caused by the hydroxyl radical(·OH).The NO_(3)^(-)-N reduction efficiency is enhanced by the increase in the light intensity,considerably affected by the initial pH,and less affected by inorganic anions,including Cl^(-),H_(2)PO_(4)^(-),and HCO_(3)^(-)/CO_(3)^(2-).The initial HCOOH concentration and light intensity are the main factors that influence the NO_(3)^(-)-N reduction rate.

Supercontinuum generation pumped by a regeneratively mode-locked fiber laser

Supercontinuum(SC) generation in a dispersion-shifted fiber(DSF) pumped by a 10 GHz regeneratively mode-locked fiber laser(RMLFL) is presented.Optimization of pump wavelength leads to a 20 dB bandwidth of 58.73 nm,which covers the whole C band and part of L band.Using an angle-tuning thin film filter,multi-wavelength and pico-second pulse trains of low chirp could be chosen from the SC spectrum.Amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) induced degeneration of the achieved pulse trains is observed and discussed.