激光—光化治疗的国内外应用研究进展

介绍了弱激光治疗和光动力治疗的机制以及它的研究进展。氦氖激光照射人体血液,可以增加红血球的溶血率,改善血液载氧能力,降低血沉和粘度。光动力治疗肿瘤的临床结果表明,它对早期肿瘤的治愈是有效的,并能保持患者的生活质量。

阿霉素-光动力联合治疗在恶性肿瘤中的应用及展望

恶性肿瘤在世界范围内均为严重威胁人类生命健康的重大疾病,病死率极高。手术、化疗、放疗以及联合治疗在临床上仍然是恶性肿瘤的一线治疗方案,然而传统治疗手段尚存在一定的局限性和毒副反应。光动力治疗作为新型的抗肿瘤手段,凭借其靶向特异性高、创伤较小、全身毒副作用较低以及可重复治疗等优势,成为浅表及腔体肿瘤的有效治疗策略。近年来,化疗与光动力联合治疗恶性肿瘤逐渐应用于临床,并取得了较好的治疗效果。一方面,光动力治疗可辅助化疗,增强靶向特异性,并通过改变血管通透性介导药物更好的在肿瘤区富集;另一方面,化疗可辅助光动力治疗,清除残余肿瘤细胞并抑制损伤血管的再生。二者联合治疗,可增强抗肿瘤疗效并减少全身毒副作用。笔者以阿霉素为化疗药物代表,对阿霉素-光动力联合治疗恶性肿瘤进行综述和展望。

Temperature-feedback two-photon-responsive metal-organic frameworks for efficient photothermal therapy

The realization of real-time thermal feedback for monitoring photothermal therapy(PTT)under near-infrared(NIR)light irradiation is of great interest and challenge for antitumor therapy.Herein,by assembling highly efficient photothermal conversion gold nanorods and a temperature-responsive probe((E)-4-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium,PyS)within MOF-199,an intelligent nanoplatform(AMPP)was fabricated for simultaneous chemodynamic therapy and NIR light-induced temperature-feedback PTT.The fluorescence intensity and temperature of the PyS probe are linearly related due to the restriction of the rotation of the characteristic monomethine bridge.Moreover,the copper ions resulting from the degradation of MOF-199 in an acidic microenvironment can convert H_(2)O_(2)into•OH,resulting in tumor ablation through a Fenton-like reaction,and this process can be accelerated by increasing the temperature.This study establishes a feasible platform for fabricating highly sensitive temperature sensors for efficient temperature-feedback PTT.

激光医学

R318.51 2004031795 激光-光化治疗的国内外应用研究进展=Advance of research on laser photochemical therapy[刊,中]/凌一鸣(东南大学电子工程系.江苏,南京(210096))∥电子器件.—2003,26(2).—107-110 介绍了弱激光治疗和光动力治疗的机制以及它的研究进展。氦氖激光照射人体血液。

用于可视化光治疗的Mn3O4@CuS纳米粒的制备研究

目的:本研究旨在制备用于肿瘤可视化光治疗的多功能Mn3O4@CuS核壳型纳米粒,在磁共振成像的引导下,使用近红外光定点辐照,实现局部光热消融治疗。方法:(1)采用高温热解法制备油胺稳定的Mn3O4纳米粒,在其表面构建CuS壳层,并进行聚乙二醇修饰,得到分散于水相中的Mn3O4@CuS核壳型纳米粒。(2)通过透射电镜、紫外可见近红外吸收光谱等方法对该纳米粒进行理化性质表征,并研究其体外磁共振成像、光热升温等性能。结果:制备的水相分散的Mn3O4@CuS纳米粒,粒径均一且分散性较好,形态为近圆形,粒径为9.30±2.29 nm;紫外可见近红外吸收光谱图表明Mn3O4@CuS纳米粒在近红外区有较强吸收,最大吸收峰位于1100~1200 nm范围;磁共振成像分析结果可计算出Mn3O4@CuS纳米粒的纵向弛豫率r1为1.662 m M-1s-1,表明其具有较好的磁共振增强造影效果;光热升温曲线显示Mn3O4@CuS纳米粒可在785 nm近红外激光下升温至73.5℃,具备较好的光热治疗潜力。结论:本文成功制备出水相分散的Mn3O4@CuS核壳型纳米粒,具有良好的磁共振造影成像性能和光热升温效应,有望应用于磁共振成像引导下的肿瘤可视化光治疗。

LOW DOSE PIRFENIDONE SUPPRESSES TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA-1 AND TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE-1, AND PROTECTS RATS FROM LUNG FIBROSIS INDUCED BY BLEOMYCIN

Objective To investigate the optimal dosage of pirfenidone for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in Wistar rats, and the alteration of expressions of transforming growth factor beta-1 （ TGF-β1 ）, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （ TIMP-1 ）, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 （ MMP-13 ） in lung tissue. Methods Male Wistar rats were endotracheally instilled with bleomycin or normal saline. Pirfenidone （25-800 mg · kg^-l · d^-1 ）, dexamethasone （3 mg/kg）, or 1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium were given daily by feed 2 days before instillation of bleomycin. Groups T7 and T14 were fed pirfenidone 50 mg · kg^-1 · d^-1 at 7 days or 14 daYs after bleomycin instillation. Lungs were harvested at 28 days after bleomycin instillation. Patholological changes in luffg tissues were evaluated with HE staining. Lung collagen was stained by sirius red and measured by content of hydroxypro- line. Expression of proteins of TGF-β1 TIMP-1, and MMP-13 were detected by Western blotting. Results At doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg· kg^- 1 · d ^- 1, pirfenidone had significant anti-fibrotic effects for bleomy- cin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis, and these effects were most significantly attenuated at the dosage of 50 mg · kg^-1 ·d^ -1（ HE： P 〈 0. 01, P 〈 0.01, and P = 0.064; sirius red： P 〈0.05, P 〈 0.01, and P 〈 0.05 ; hydroxyproline： P = 0.595, P 〈 0.01, and P = 0.976）. Pirfenidone at a dosage of 50 mg · kg^- l · d^-1 inhibited protein expression of TGF-131 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue in the early phase （0.79 and 0.75 times of control group）, but had no effect on ex- nr^eelnn nf MMP-13. Conclusion Low dose pirfenidone, especially at dosage of 50 mg · kg^-1 · d^-1, has significant anti-fibrotic effects on bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. Pirfenidone partially inhibits the enhancement of the expression of TGF-131 and TIMP-β1 in lung tissue.

口服补骨脂素加紫外线照射治疗牛皮癣时诱至的恶性黑素瘤

据《New England Journal of Medicine》1997年336卷第15期报道 口服氧化补骨脂素(8-methoxypsoralen)加紫外线A照射的光化疗法对治疗重度牛皮癣有高效,但是由于光化疗法是诱变性的,长期使用可致皮肤鳞状细胞癌的危险性增高,并可导致皮肤包素沉着病变。

Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with He-Ne Laser on Lipoperoxide and Superoxide Dismutase in Chloasma Patients

Objective: To observe the effects of Chinese decoction and ligustrazin hydrochloride injection combined with He-Ne laser on lipoperoxide (LPO) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with chloasma. Methods: 90 cases of chloasma were randomly divided into the following two groups: a treatment group (of 54 cases) treated by a self-prepared prescription for toning the kidneys and relieving the depressed liver to remove blood stasis, ligustrazin hydrochloricde injection and He-Ne laser therapy, and a control group (of 36 cases) treated with oral administration of Vitamin E and Vitamin C plus external application of 20% Azelaic acid cream. Results: The total effective rate in the treatment group was 79.6%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the LPO level in the treatment group was significantly lowered (P<0.01), and the SOD level was significantly elevated (P<0.05). Conclusion: The therapeutic methods adopted in the treatment group may show the action of antioxidation, providing good clinical effects for treating chloasma.

Flexible electrostatic hydrogels from marine organism for nitric oxide-enhanced photodynamic therapy against multidrug-resistant bacterial infection

The abuse of antibiotics in treating microbial infections has led to the emergence and prevalence of drugresistant bacteria.Thus,the development of novel antibacterial materials is attracting increasing attention.Here,a series of flexible electrostatic hydrogels with excellent antibacterial ability were constructed using a mixture of nitric oxide(NO)-releasing nitrated chitosan(CSNO)and mesotetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine(TCPP)with salmon sperm DNA(ssDNA)solution.When cultured with gram-negative bacteria under solar simulator irradiation,TCPP-CSNO_(m)ssDNA_(n) hydrogels released reactive oxygen species(ROS)and NO to produce peroxynitrite ions(ONOO^(−)).ONOO−is efficient at killing bacteria,thereby improving the antimicrobial ability of photodynamic therapy against gram-negative bacteria.The hydrogels exhibited powerful antibacterial activity in vivo when used to treat skin infections caused by drugresistant bacteria,making them a promising candidate for clinical applications.A string of antibacterial hydrogels that release ROS and NO synergistically can bring new possibilities for effectively killing drug-resistant bacteria and be of great value in anti-infection wound dressings and other applications.

Catalase-like nanosystem for interlocking trimodal cancer therapy with hypoxia relief

Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors,and it significantly impairs the overall anticancer efficacy,particularly photodynamic therapy(PDT).Herein,a catalase-like nanovesicle with near-infrared light-responsiveness,that is,platinum/gold nanoshell encapsulated chlorin e6(Ce6)/resveratrol(Res)liposome(Pt@Au-Ce6/Res-Lip),was developed to surmount this intractable issue.The Pt@Au-Ce6/Res-Lip can decompose overexpressed H_(2)O_(2)in tumor microenvironment to produce vast amounts of O_(2)for further enhancement of the PDT.Under the 808 nm laser irradiation,the Au nanoshells induced hyperthermia at the lesion site to ablate tumor cells,simultaneously inducing the controlled release of photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic agent Res.Moreover,stimulated by 660 nm laser,numerous reactive oxygen species were formed to induce apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells.With the cascade of trimodal therapeutic modality options(chemotherapy,photothermal therapy,and PDT),the Pt@Au-Ce6/Res-Lip showed ultrahigh tumor inhabitation rate in in vitro and in vivo studies,signifying that the Pt@AuCe6/Res-Lip nanovesicle is a promising candidate for effective cancer therapy.

Confined structure regulations of molybdenum oxides for efficient tumor photothermal therapy

Molybdenum oxide nanoparticles(NPs) with tunable plasmonic resonance in the near-infrared region display superior semiconducting features and photothermal properties, which are highly related to the crystalline and defective structures such as oxygen deficiencies. However,fundamental understanding on the structure-function relationship between crystalline/defective structures and photothermal properties is still unclear. To address this, herein,we have developed an "in-situ confined oxidation-reduction"strategy to regulate the defect features of molybdenum oxide NPs in the dual-mesoporous silica nanoreactor. Especially, the effects of crystalline structure/oxygen defects of molybdenum oxides on the photothermal performances were investigated by facilely tuning the amount of molybdenum resource and the reduction temperature. As a photothermal nanoagent, the optimal defective molybdenum oxide NPs encapsulated in PEGylated porous silica nanoreactor(designated as MoO_(3)@PPSNs) exhibit excellent biological stability and strong localized surface plasmon resonance effect in nearinfrared absorption range with the highest photothermal conversion efficiency up to 78.7% under 808 nm laser irradiation. More importantly, the remarkable photothermal effects of MoO_(3)@PPSNs were comprehensively demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, we envision that the plasmonic MoO_(3)NPs in a biocompatible porous silica nanoreactor could be used as an efficient photothermal therapy agent for photothermal ablation of tumors.

Morphological changes in Schlemm's canal in treated and newly diagnosed untreated glaucomatous eyes

A custom built 1310 nm center wavelength swept source optical coherence tomography instrument was used to measure morphological changes in treated and newly diagnosed untreated glaucomatous human Schlemm’s canal(SC).Thirty-seven primary open-angle glaucoma patients were divided into two groups depending on the patients having been treated or not.The statistical results showed that there were significant differences between the treated and untreated groups’SC areas(treated,7935.6875±680.003μm2;untreated,3890.71875±871.49844μm2;P<0.001),the circumferences(treated,580.37891±44.96529μm;untreated,381.9026±41.22123μm;P<0.001),and the long diameters(treated,272.87806±25.7254μm;untreated,185.24047±19.72786μm;P<0.001).We hypothesize that,after drug treatment,the SC will expand and the morphometric values especially the areas will become larger,thus helping to reduce intraocular pressure.