以生长在由草炭土和蛭石(V(草炭土)∶V(蛭石)=2∶1)均匀混合的培养基质中高50 cm左右的桑树(Morus alba L.)为供试植株,以土壤田间持水量(40±5)%的含水量为干旱处理,以土壤田间持水量(80±5)%的含水量为对照。利用多功能植物...以生长在由草炭土和蛭石(V(草炭土)∶V(蛭石)=2∶1)均匀混合的培养基质中高50 cm左右的桑树(Morus alba L.)为供试植株,以土壤田间持水量(40±5)%的含水量为干旱处理,以土壤田间持水量(80±5)%的含水量为对照。利用多功能植物效率分析仪和脉冲调制式荧光仪联合的方法测定了不同处理的桑树叶片环式电子流,结合经典方法测定叶片在干旱胁迫下生理指标和净光合速率等指标的变化,分析干旱对桑树叶片净光合速率、光合色素质量分数、丙二醛质量摩尔浓度、相对电导率、保护酶活性、环式电子流的影响。结果表明:干旱处理的桑树叶片净光合速率显著降低,比正常浇水(对照)降低了57.4%;叶片相对电导率、丙二醛质量摩尔浓度,分别增加了56.8%、65.2%。干旱处理的桑树叶片光合色素质量分数降低,其中叶绿素a和b质量分数比对照分别降低了57.4%和53.7%,类胡萝卜素质量分数比对照降低了35.4%。干旱处理的桑树叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著增强,分别比对照高56.6%、56.0%、49.7%。桑树叶片质子梯度调节蛋白(PGR5)和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸脱氢酶复合物(NDH)复合体介导的两种环式电子流,分别比对照提高了51.1%和23.5%。说明干旱胁迫下的桑树,除了以经典的抗氧化酶活性提高抗旱性之外,光合环式电子流在提高桑树抗旱性、保护光合机构方面也非常重要。展开更多
为了提高植物光能及电能利用效率,降低植物工厂光源的投入产出比,该文从不同红蓝光配比(R/B)对生菜光合作用影响机理入手,分析不同R/B对生菜光能及电能利用效率的影响。以荧光灯处理(FL)作为对照,通过设置不同红蓝光配比(R/B)共7个处理...为了提高植物光能及电能利用效率,降低植物工厂光源的投入产出比,该文从不同红蓝光配比(R/B)对生菜光合作用影响机理入手,分析不同R/B对生菜光能及电能利用效率的影响。以荧光灯处理(FL)作为对照,通过设置不同红蓝光配比(R/B)共7个处理进行试验,测定不同R/B下生菜的Ru Bis Co羧化速率和氧化速率、光合电子流分配以及叶氮分配。结果表明:1)当R/B≥8时,增大蓝光比例显著降低了总电子传递速率向参与光呼吸的光合电子流的分配,促进了叶氮向羧化系统和生物能学系统中的投入,提高了叶片的光合作用;2)当R/B≤8时,生菜电能利用效率(electric-energy use efficiency,EUE)和光能利用效率(light use efficiency,LUE)随着R/B增加而显著增大,R/B≥8处理间EUE无显著性差异,但R/B=12处理下LUE较R/B=8处理高12.5%。综上所述,在光强为200μmol/(m2·s)的红蓝LED植物工厂中,R/B为8是影响生菜光合作用、光能及电能利用效率的转折点;为保证生菜高效生产,以红蓝光配比不小于8为宜。展开更多
Cucumber and rice plants with varying ammonium (NH4+) sensitivities were used to examine the effects of different nitrogen (N) sources on gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence quenching, and photosynthetic elec...Cucumber and rice plants with varying ammonium (NH4+) sensitivities were used to examine the effects of different nitrogen (N) sources on gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence quenching, and photosynthetic electron allocation. Compared to nitrate (NO3-)-grown plants, cucumber plants grown under NH4+-nutrition showed decreased plant growth, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) level, transpiration rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and O2-independent alternative electron flux, and increased O2-dependent alternative electron flux. However, the N source had little effect on gas exchange, Chl a fluorescence parameters, and photosynthetic electron allocation in rice plants, except that NH4+-grown plants had a higher O2-independent alternative electron flux than NO3--grown plants. NO3- reduction activity was rarely detected in leaves of NH4+-grown cucumber plants, but was high in NH4+-grown rice plants. These results demonstrate that significant amounts of photosynthetic electron transport were coupled to NO3- assimilation, an effect more significant in NO3-- grown plants than in NH4+-grown plants. Meanwhile, NH4+-tolerant plants exhibited a higher demand for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for NO3- reduction, regardless of the N form supplied, while NH4+-sensitive plants had a high water-water cycle activity when NH4+ was supplied as the sole N source.展开更多
Organic semiconductors have gradually become the super stars on the stage of optoelectronic materials, due to their low cost, flexibility and solution processability. Numerous organic semiconductors, including small m...Organic semiconductors have gradually become the super stars on the stage of optoelectronic materials, due to their low cost, flexibility and solution processability. Numerous organic semiconductors, including small molecules and conjugated polymers, have been designed and synthesized to explore the potential of organic materials in optoelectronic industry. One-dimensional micro/nanostructures of organic semiconductors generally have more ordered packing structure with fewer defects compared with thin films, and are thus thought to show intrinsic carrier mobility of organic materials. Moreover, the packing structure in micro/nanostructures is clear and relatively easy to analyze, which makes these micro/nanostructures a good platform to study structure-property relationship. Therefore, design of suitable organic molecules to form micro-/nanostructures and methods to obtain ideal micro/nanostructures for functional devices will be fully discussed in this mini review. Finally, the perspective and opportunity of 1D micro/nanostructured organic materials based OFETs in the near future are also addressed.展开更多
Emerging quantum dots(QDs)based light-emitting field-effect transistors(QLEFETs)could generate light emission with high color purity and provide facile route to tune optoelectronic properties at a low fabrication cost...Emerging quantum dots(QDs)based light-emitting field-effect transistors(QLEFETs)could generate light emission with high color purity and provide facile route to tune optoelectronic properties at a low fabrication cost.Considerable efforts have been devoted to designing device structure and to understanding the underlying physics,yet the overall performance of QLEFETs remains low due to the charge/exciton loss at the interface and the large band offset of a QD layer with respect to the adjacent carrier transport layers.Here,we report highly efficient QLEFETs with an external quantum efficiency(EQE)of over 20%by employing a dielectric-QDs-dielectric(DQD)sandwich structure.Such DQD structure is used to control the carrier behavior by modulating energy band alignment,thus shifting the exciton recombination zone into the emissive layer.Also,enhanced radiative recombination is achieved by preventing the exciton loss due to presence of surface traps and the luminescence quenching induced by interfacial charge transfer.The DQD sandwiched design presents a new concept to improve the electroluminescence performance of QLEFETs,which can be transferred to other material systems and hence can facilitate exploitation of QDs in a new type of optoelectronic devices.展开更多
文摘以生长在由草炭土和蛭石(V(草炭土)∶V(蛭石)=2∶1)均匀混合的培养基质中高50 cm左右的桑树(Morus alba L.)为供试植株,以土壤田间持水量(40±5)%的含水量为干旱处理,以土壤田间持水量(80±5)%的含水量为对照。利用多功能植物效率分析仪和脉冲调制式荧光仪联合的方法测定了不同处理的桑树叶片环式电子流,结合经典方法测定叶片在干旱胁迫下生理指标和净光合速率等指标的变化,分析干旱对桑树叶片净光合速率、光合色素质量分数、丙二醛质量摩尔浓度、相对电导率、保护酶活性、环式电子流的影响。结果表明:干旱处理的桑树叶片净光合速率显著降低,比正常浇水(对照)降低了57.4%;叶片相对电导率、丙二醛质量摩尔浓度,分别增加了56.8%、65.2%。干旱处理的桑树叶片光合色素质量分数降低,其中叶绿素a和b质量分数比对照分别降低了57.4%和53.7%,类胡萝卜素质量分数比对照降低了35.4%。干旱处理的桑树叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著增强,分别比对照高56.6%、56.0%、49.7%。桑树叶片质子梯度调节蛋白(PGR5)和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸脱氢酶复合物(NDH)复合体介导的两种环式电子流,分别比对照提高了51.1%和23.5%。说明干旱胁迫下的桑树,除了以经典的抗氧化酶活性提高抗旱性之外,光合环式电子流在提高桑树抗旱性、保护光合机构方面也非常重要。
文摘为了提高植物光能及电能利用效率,降低植物工厂光源的投入产出比,该文从不同红蓝光配比(R/B)对生菜光合作用影响机理入手,分析不同R/B对生菜光能及电能利用效率的影响。以荧光灯处理(FL)作为对照,通过设置不同红蓝光配比(R/B)共7个处理进行试验,测定不同R/B下生菜的Ru Bis Co羧化速率和氧化速率、光合电子流分配以及叶氮分配。结果表明:1)当R/B≥8时,增大蓝光比例显著降低了总电子传递速率向参与光呼吸的光合电子流的分配,促进了叶氮向羧化系统和生物能学系统中的投入,提高了叶片的光合作用;2)当R/B≤8时,生菜电能利用效率(electric-energy use efficiency,EUE)和光能利用效率(light use efficiency,LUE)随着R/B增加而显著增大,R/B≥8处理间EUE无显著性差异,但R/B=12处理下LUE较R/B=8处理高12.5%。综上所述,在光强为200μmol/(m2·s)的红蓝LED植物工厂中,R/B为8是影响生菜光合作用、光能及电能利用效率的转折点;为保证生菜高效生产,以红蓝光配比不小于8为宜。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2009CB119000)the National High-Tech R&D Program (863) of China (No. 2008BADA6B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30771471 and 30972033)
文摘Cucumber and rice plants with varying ammonium (NH4+) sensitivities were used to examine the effects of different nitrogen (N) sources on gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence quenching, and photosynthetic electron allocation. Compared to nitrate (NO3-)-grown plants, cucumber plants grown under NH4+-nutrition showed decreased plant growth, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) level, transpiration rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and O2-independent alternative electron flux, and increased O2-dependent alternative electron flux. However, the N source had little effect on gas exchange, Chl a fluorescence parameters, and photosynthetic electron allocation in rice plants, except that NH4+-grown plants had a higher O2-independent alternative electron flux than NO3--grown plants. NO3- reduction activity was rarely detected in leaves of NH4+-grown cucumber plants, but was high in NH4+-grown rice plants. These results demonstrate that significant amounts of photosynthetic electron transport were coupled to NO3- assimilation, an effect more significant in NO3-- grown plants than in NH4+-grown plants. Meanwhile, NH4+-tolerant plants exhibited a higher demand for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for NO3- reduction, regardless of the N form supplied, while NH4+-sensitive plants had a high water-water cycle activity when NH4+ was supplied as the sole N source.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB933501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Organic semiconductors have gradually become the super stars on the stage of optoelectronic materials, due to their low cost, flexibility and solution processability. Numerous organic semiconductors, including small molecules and conjugated polymers, have been designed and synthesized to explore the potential of organic materials in optoelectronic industry. One-dimensional micro/nanostructures of organic semiconductors generally have more ordered packing structure with fewer defects compared with thin films, and are thus thought to show intrinsic carrier mobility of organic materials. Moreover, the packing structure in micro/nanostructures is clear and relatively easy to analyze, which makes these micro/nanostructures a good platform to study structure-property relationship. Therefore, design of suitable organic molecules to form micro-/nanostructures and methods to obtain ideal micro/nanostructures for functional devices will be fully discussed in this mini review. Finally, the perspective and opportunity of 1D micro/nanostructured organic materials based OFETs in the near future are also addressed.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62174104,61735004,and 12174086)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0401702)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(19010500600)。
文摘Emerging quantum dots(QDs)based light-emitting field-effect transistors(QLEFETs)could generate light emission with high color purity and provide facile route to tune optoelectronic properties at a low fabrication cost.Considerable efforts have been devoted to designing device structure and to understanding the underlying physics,yet the overall performance of QLEFETs remains low due to the charge/exciton loss at the interface and the large band offset of a QD layer with respect to the adjacent carrier transport layers.Here,we report highly efficient QLEFETs with an external quantum efficiency(EQE)of over 20%by employing a dielectric-QDs-dielectric(DQD)sandwich structure.Such DQD structure is used to control the carrier behavior by modulating energy band alignment,thus shifting the exciton recombination zone into the emissive layer.Also,enhanced radiative recombination is achieved by preventing the exciton loss due to presence of surface traps and the luminescence quenching induced by interfacial charge transfer.The DQD sandwiched design presents a new concept to improve the electroluminescence performance of QLEFETs,which can be transferred to other material systems and hence can facilitate exploitation of QDs in a new type of optoelectronic devices.
