前照灯光型分布仿真模拟

由于前照灯设计中ＣＡＤ手段的运用，设计人员需要有效衡量其设计效果的方法。首先介绍光型分布模拟的重要作用，尤其是在一种基于光线仿真的新的前照灯设计方法中更是起到一种举足轻重的作用；然后介绍一种基于充分利用实际场景的前照灯光型分布模拟仿真系统的考虑方法。

计及跟随型和支撑型分布式光伏的广义综合负荷模型及两阶段参数聚合等效方法

为有效聚合等值包含不同控制类型分布式光伏发电系统的配电网,提出一种计及跟随型和支撑型分布式光伏的广义综合负荷模型及两阶段模型参数聚合等效方法。通过将跟随型和支撑型光伏等效模型与传统综合负荷模型并联形成广义综合负荷模型,实现对实际配电网并网特性的有效拟合;基于参数灵敏度分析与改进的微分进化算法,通过两阶段聚合等效确定模型参数,避免模型未知参数过多带来的辨识解分散性大的弊端。基于PSCAD和MATLAB验证了所提模型的自描述能力、泛化能力和参数稳定性。

并网型分布式光伏系统电量计量和无功补偿的研究分析

电量计量和无功补偿是并网型分布式光伏电站常遇到的两大难题,针对这两大难题进行研究,并提出可行性解决方案。

汽车前照灯电压的变化对其光型按比例改变的研究

本文研究电压的变化对汽车前照灯光型分布的影响 ,共测了七种不同规格的灯泡。测试电压分别是 1 2 0V ,1 2 8V ,1 3 5V ,灯泡光型测量范围为从左 2 0度到右 2 0度 ,从下 5度到上 5度。两者都是 0 5度测一次。本文的主要发现是这七种灯泡当电压在 1 2 0V到 1 3 5V之间改变时 ,光输出在整个光型内按比例改变 ,从而得出推论 ,当灯泡从一个电压变为另一个某个特定电压时 ,整个光型分布是在原来的光型分布上乘以一个常数c ,这个论断至少在 1 2 0V和 1 3 5V之间是正确的 ,常数c对这七个规格的灯泡来说基本一致 ,而且这个常数与国际标准IES公式中 ,光输出随电压而改变的常数基本相符。

谈灯具总光通量

解析演艺灯具光分布的基本类型;通过简单数学运算,阐述峰值型光分布、灯具总光通量及光效的估算方法,以粗略评估灯具节能的效果。

自由曲面反射器的计算机辅助设计

自由曲面反射器的计算机辅助设计=Computer aided design on free from reflector[刊,中]/杨波(北京理工大学光电工程系.北京(100081)),王涌天∥光学学报.—2004,24(6).—721-724 研究了自由曲面反射式照明系统的设计理论和算法.采用多块均匀B样条曲面拼合构成的多曲面反射体,根据使用者提出的测试屏上不同位置的光型分布要求,从几何光学出发通过光路追迹确定曲面型值点的坐标,

Optimization for Top DBR’s Reflectivity in RCE Photodectector

The monolithic integration of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) with photodetectors is very important in the application of free-space optical interconnects.Theoretical and experimental results on the resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetector with VCSEL Structure are presented.The compatible requirement in input mirror reflectivity between the VCSEL and the RCE detector is achieved by precisely etching the top mirror.In this way,the RCE detector with relatively high quantum efficiency and necessary optical bandwidth has been obtained.[KH8/9D]

Geographical distribution of red and green Noctiluca scintillans

The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans is one of the most important and abundant red tide organisms and it is distributed world-wide. It occurs in two forms. Red Noctiluca is heterotrophic and fills the role of one of the microzooplankton grazers in the foodweb. In contrast, green Noctiluca contains a photosynthetic symbiont Pedinomonas noctilucae （a prasinophyte）, but it also feeds on other plankton when the food supply is abundant. In this review, we document the global distribution of these two forms and include the first maps of their global distribution. Red Noctiluca occurs widely in the temperate to sub-tropical coastal regions of the world. It occurs over a wide temperature range of about 10℃ to 25℃ and at higher salinities （generally not in estuaries）. It is particularly abundant in high productivity areas such as upwelling or eutrophic areas where diatoms dominate since they are its preferred food source. Green Noctiluca is much more restricted to a temperature range of 25℃-30℃ and mainly occurs in tropical waters of Southeast Asia, Bay of Bengal （east coast of India）, in the eastern, western and northern Arabian Sea, the Red Sea, and recently it has become very abundant in the Gulf of Oman. Red and green Noctiluca do overlap in their distribution in the eastern, northern and western Arabian Sea with a seasonal shift from green Noctiluca in the cooler winter convective mixing, higher productivity season, to red Noctiluca in the more oligotrophic warmer summer season.

Conformations and Metal Ion Affinities of Glutamine Binding with Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Cations： an ab initio Study

Conformations and reaction energetics are important for understanding the interactions be- tween biomolecules and metal ions. In this work, we report a systematic ab initio study on the conformations and metal ion affinities of glutamine （Gln） binding with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. An efficient and reliable method of searching low energy conformations of metalated Gln is proposed and applied to the complexes of Gln.Gln.M^＋/＋＋（M＋/＋＋=Li^＋、Na^＋、K^＋、Rb^＋、Cs^＋、Be^＋＋、Mg^＋＋、Ca^＋＋、Sr^＋＋ and Ba^＋＋）.. In addition to all conformers known in literatures, many new important conformations are located, demonstrating the power of the new method and the necessity of the conformational search performed here. The metal coordination modes, relative energies, dipole moments, and equilibrium distributions of all important conformations of Gln.M^＋/＋＋ are calculated by the methods of B3LYP, BHandHLYP, and MP2. IR spectra and metalation enthalpies and free energies are also presented and compared with the available experiments. The results form an extensive database for systematic examination of the metalation properties of Gln.

Two-Photon Jaynes-Cummings Model Governed by Milburn Equation with Phase Damping

In this paper, we find an analytic solution of the master equation of a non-resonant two-photon Jaynes- Cummings model （JCM） with phase damping with the help of the super-operator technique. We study the influence of phase damping on non-classical effects in the JCM, such as oscillations of the photon-number distribution, revivals of the atomic inversion, and sub-Possion photon statistics. It is demonstrated that the phase damping suppresses the revivals of the atomic inversion and non-classical effects of the cavity field in the JCM.

Assessment of the influence of global dimming on the photosynthetic production of rice based on three-dimensional modeling

Observations indicate that global radiation reaching the Earth's surface has gradually decreased over the past several decades(i.e.,the "global dimming" phenomenon),while the fraction of diffuse radiation in global radiation has increased.It has been found that the increase in diffuse fraction significantly increases photosynthetic production in the canopy,but the mechanism has not been clarified.A three-dimensional light distribution model considering the geometry of incident radiation was employed in this study.This model was used to simulate the light distribution and potential photosynthetic production of rice canopy.The results indicate that the potential photosynthetic production of rice significantly increases in response to an increase in the diffuse fraction as long as global radiation does not decline greatly.The "fertilization effect" of diffuse radiation results from the reduction of leaf area with photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD) below the light compensation point in response to an increasing diffuse fraction,and an increase in the leaf area with PPFD on the linear part of the light response curve.The increase in the diffuse fraction results in a significant increase in the photosynthetic rate of the upper canopy.High-performance computation is an easy-to-use and economic approach to overcome the computational constraints of the model.

Light absorption distribution of prostate tissue irradiated by diffusing light source

Determination of light absorption distribution in the prostate tissue irradiated by diffusing light source is important for the treatment planning.In this paper,a three-dimensional(3D)optical model of human prostate is developed,and the light absorption distribution in the prostate tissue is estimated by Monte Carlo simulation method.Light distribution patterns including 3D distributions in the tissue model irradiated by two diffusing light sources are obtained and compared.Also,the impacts of length and energy of cylinder diffusing light source on the irradiance volume are demonstrated.Those results will be significant for the nondestructive qualitative assessments of photodosimetry in biomedical phototherapy.

Effects of binary interactions on the color evolution of M33

In this work, predictions of the spectral energy distribution from populations of single and binary stars are incorporated into a galactic chemical and color evolution model to explore the significance of the effects of the binary interactions on the color evolution of M33. We first constructed a model without binary interactions, and the model is able to reproduce most of the available observational constraints on the distribution of stellar parameters. We then run simulations with the same set of model parameters but with binary interactions considered. By comparing the results for the populations with and without binary interactions, we find that the inclusion of binary interactions makes the surface brightness greater (~0.1 mag arcsec 2) in FUV-band but smaller (~0.7 mag arcsec 2) in K-band, while it results in the FUV K color bluer (~0.8 mag). To reproduce the observations, a model that considers the binary interactions should make more gas fall onto the disk in the early time of the galaxy evolution, or increase the total stellar mass, or both.

A unified canopy bidirectional reflectance (BRDF) model for row ceops

Row sowing is a basic crop sowing method in China,and thus an accurate Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model of row crops is the foundation for describing the canopy bidirectional reflectance characteristics and estimating crop ecological parameters.Because of the macroscopically geometric difference,the row crop is usually regarded as a transition between continuous and discrete vegetation in previous studies.Were row treated as the unit for calculating the four components in the Geometric Optical model (GO model),the formula would be too complex and difficult to retrieve.This study focuses on the microscopic structure of row crops.Regarding the row crop as a result of leaves clumped at canopy scale,we apply clumping index to link continuous vegetation and row crops.Meanwhile,the formula of clumping index is deduced theoretically.Then taking leaf as the basic unit,we calculate the four components of the GO model and develop a BRDF model for continuous vegetation,which is gradually extended to the unified BRDF model for row crops.It is of great importance to introduce clumping index into BRDF model.In order to evaluate the performance of the unified BRDF model,the canopy BRDF data collected in field experiment,"Watershed Allied Telemetry Experiment Research (WATER)",from May 30th to July 1st,2008 are used as the validation dataset for the simulated values.The results show that the unified model proposed in this paper is able to accurately describe the non-isotropic characteristics of canopy reflectance for row crops.In addition,the model is simple and easy to retrieve.In general,there is no irreconcilable conflict between continuous and discrete vegetation,so understanding their common and individual characteristics is advantageous for simulating canopy BRDF.It is proven that the four components of the GO model is the basic motivational factor for bidirectional reflectance of all vegetation types.