利用相关光分辨特征的神经网络图象处理

混合光电信息系统具有明显的并行处理能力，因而可以用于以直观形式出现的大量信息流的转化。除了借助于这种手段之外，可按自然方式对输入的信息流进行相关处理。但是，在实时条件下实际应用相关光处理机是困难的。这是因为由显微结构有缺陷的物体区射的光波的场分布很灵敏，而且迄今为止图象转化装置的成本很高。由于各种不同类型的时空光凋制器，特别是较便宜的液晶装置的研制成功，近年来这种情况发生了很大变化。借助于光时空调制器．任何图象均可在实时状态下，进入相关光图象处理系统，以便分辨混合系统中的特征，或者输入光学神经识别系统。本文侧重研究了在应用神经网络分类程序条件下工作的这类系统，而分类程序呈现了模拟感知器和网络的算法。讨论了对描述进入神经网络的对象的信息进行压缩和处理的设备。介绍了研究对象的有关知识．以及所获得的研究成果——在图象沿不同角度旋转时对象（鉴部图片）的分辨概率。

日本电子新技术

近年来,日本电子技术迅速发展,研制出许多先进的电子产品。本文就高速光处理机、千兆位SRAM、200万象素单板式CCD彩色视频摄象机等电子产品的构造、性能、用途作一介绍。

Modeling of Rocks with Spatial Distributed Fractures by Random Medium Theory

By using the spectrum expanding theory of random processes and Hudson's crack model,we developed a random medium model for rocks with spatial random distributed number density of cracks. This model could connect the micro-parameters of the cracks with the macro- mechanical properties, and can be effectively applied to model the real inhomogeneous medium. Numerical example indicates that the random distribution characters could be different for different elastic constants under the same random distribution of number density of cracks. By changing the value of the autocorrelation length pair, it is possible to model the difference of the distribution in the two coordinate directions. Numerical modeling results for seismic wave propagating in rocks with random distributed fractures using a staggered high-order finite-difference (SHOFD) are also presented.

Effect of sample treatment on determination of arsenic （Ⅲ） and arsenic （Ⅴ） in aqueous and tissue samples by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

The purpose of this procedure was to optimize and improve a method that used for the determination of arsenic （Ⅲ） and arsenic （Ⅴ） in biological and environmental samples. The method is based on hydride generation and atomic absorption spectrometry. For both As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） the parameters such as NaBH4, HCI concentration, and pH were optimized. Absorption signal of As （Ⅴ） was approximately 17% of As （Ⅲ） signal. Therefore, for estimation of As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） concentrations in various samples the difference between the absorbance obtained for arsenic, without and with previous treatment of samples with potassium iodide （KI）, can be applied. The calibration graphs were linear （r〉0.99）, and the detection limits of the method based on three times the standard deviation of the blank were 0.14 and 0.64 μL^-1 for As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ）, respectively. The relative standard deviation （R.S.D.） of measurements was less than 10%. As a means of checking performance method, water samples were spiked with known concentrations of both As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ）, and recovery above 94% was obtained. The proposed method was applied successfully to determine inorganic As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） in various environmental and total As in biological samples.

"Smart" ultrasonic pig design and its signal processing research

This paper introduces the design and development of intelligent ultrasonic ＂pig＂ used for seabed pipeline inspection. The data acquisition system （DAS） and the signal processing method are presented. The DAS was designed using a muhi-DSP based structure. The signal processing method adopted a well-enhanced split-spectrum processing （SSP） based on weighting algorithm according to statistical times, which was the statistical distribution of the discrete signals selected by the minimization algorithm. Furthermore, the data compressing method was discussed. It assures the mass data to be processed and compressed in real-time. The effectiveness of the method was proved by laboratory experiments. The research provides an excellent base for further development of the ultrasonic pig.

Laser Processing Mechanism of Monocrystalline Diamond

When a Nd：YAG laser, the wavelength of which is permeable for diamond, is focused on the surface of a diamond sample, a layer of surface material is ablated. Therefore, diamond can be cut by repetitive irradiation. In this study, the processing mechanism of ablation for a single crystal diamond was examined using a heat conduction analysis, considering laser absorption at the surface or the temperature dependence of absorption coefficient. When the laser beam is absorbed at the surface layer, the surface layer is ablated during an early period in the laser pulse. Once the absorption surface layer is ablated, the laser beam penetrates the base material and ablation stops. On the other hand, if the authors assume that single crystal diamond has the temperature dependence of absorption coefficient which is about equal to that of CVD （chemical vapor deposition） diamond, the temperature rise is not enough to ablate the material. However, it became clear that the diamond is ablated deeply when the authors consider both absorption at the surface layer and the temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient. It can be considered that the surface is transformed to graphite and becomes the absorption layer during the repetitive irradiation. It is estimated that the phase change to graphite is very small and its volume fraction is a few percent at most.

Appropriate posture of cancer patients treated with PICC to prevent internal jugular vein ectopic

We aimed to study the appropriate posture of peripherally inserted central catheter （PICC） patients, to reduce the incidence of internal jugular vein heterotopia. Methods： From 2009 to 2013, a total of 290 cases with PICC were enrolled in our study. They were divided into two groups. The patients in control group took regular position, which mean pros- tration, upper limb of tube side was abduction 90°, head moved to puncture side in order to block the internal jugular vein. On the basis of conventional body position putting, posture of patients in observation group was improved, the head remain neutral, and had 180° angle with trunk longitudinal axis, not favor any side. After ensuring the upper limb abduction, had 90° angle with the trunk, then catheter was inserted slowly. The jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate was judged by X.ray results. Results： The jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate of control group and observation was 12.8% and 0.68%, respectively. The difference between two groups was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The body posture improvement can prevent discomfort of patients and reduce the jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate of PICC.

Assessment of the Total Organic Carbon and Conductivity in Consecutive Dyeings with Reactive Dyestuffs Using Treated Effluent by UV/H202 Photocatalysis

The paper was monitored the conductivity （g.L＂l of NaCI）, the absorbances values （Abs） and the amount of TOC （total organic carbon）, before and after five consecutive dyeings made with reuse water, obtained from treated effluent by UV/H202 photocatalysis. All rates of decolorization were above 92%, the removal of total organic carbon was above 89% in all treatments and the economy of NaCI was from 3.10 in the first recipe, 3.17 in the second, 3.49 in the third, 3.79 in the fourth and 4.05 in the fifth recipe. The five dyeings compared with same dyeings made with deionized water presented a color deviation （AE＊） below 1. The conventional dyeings would consume 80 L/kg against 40 L/kg used in the dyeing process proposed in this study, representing a great economy of water, with no discharge of effluents.

Sewage Sludge： A Sustainable Source for Plant Nutrient

Sludge production is an avoidable problem arising from the treatment of wastewater. The sludge remained after municipal wastewater treatment contains considerable amounts of various contaminants and if is not properly handled and disposed, it may produce extensive health hazards. On the other hand, this sludge has benefit for plants and soils. Sludge samples were collected over a 12 month period from sewage treatment plants （STP＇s）, i.e, Khairathabad and Meeralam Tank, Hyderabad, India and analyzed for C, H, N, S by elementar analyzer, P, K, Ca, Mg by spectrophotometer and heavy metals like Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The sludge contained approximately 50% organic matter and 1-4% inorganic carbon. Organic and inorganic carbon, organic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorous, Ca and Mg were found to be present in sludge at a relatively constant concentration with respect to sampling time. Inorganic N, organic P, K, and all metals were found to be quite variable with time when sludge produced from different STP＇s.

Exploration of computerized image processing in underexposed and overexposed X-rays of bones and joints

Objective: To study the effective computerized image processing of underexposed and overexposed X-rays of bones and joints. Methods: Ninety-nine conventional X-ray images (82 were overexposed and 17 were underexposed),scanned by an UMAX Astra 4000U Scanner, were converted into digital images on the basis of their analog images. A computerized imaging processing program consisting of five functional modules such as Contrast Stretch, Fast Flourier Transform (FFT), Image Smoothing Modules, Inverse Fast Flourier Transform (IFFT) and Nonlinear Transform performed image contrast stretch and smoothing. Three senior doctors from hospital image sections made their evaluation of all the processed images. Results: Of 82 overexposed films, 71 met the clinical requirements after image processing, and 11 were unable to be applied to clinical diagnosis, accounting for 87% and 13% respectively. Of the other 17 underexposed X-ray images, 11 met the clinical requirements while 6 were not, making a percentage of 64 and 35. Conclusion: Image contrast stretch and smoothing processing are significantly effective on conventional X-ray images which were inappropriately exposed, and can avoid more X-ray radiation caused by handling of radiological photograph again. This method can decrease hospital cost and provide acute and effective X-ray examinations for the treatment and cure for critical patients.

Acousto-optic Devices: Theory and Applications

The basics and applications of acousto-optic devices are described.The applications include acousto-optic spectrum analyzer,acousto-optic deflector,acousto-optic processors and acousto-optic digital matrix computer.

Effects of the laser surface treatment on the mechanical properties of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses

Surfaces of three types of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） were modified by laser surface treatment （LST）, and the influence of the treatment on structure and mechanical properties of these alloys was investigated. The phase structure of as-cast and laser-treated samples was characterized by XRD and the morphology of the alloys after fracture was examined by SEM. The compressive plasticity of treated Cu47.sZr47.sAI5 and Cu46.sZr47.sAlsCo~ BMGs can be improved from 0.5% to 2.0% and from 1.2% to 5.7% respectively compared with the as-cast ones, while （Cu0.55Zr0.40Ala05）99Er~ BMG shows insignificant change of plasticity. The improvement in plasticity is attributed to induced crystallization of B2 CuZr phase in the treated sur- face zone of selected metallic glasses.

资讯

新出台的科技评价办法 《科学技术评价办法》(试行)出台,在科技界和社会许多领域产生反响,各界人士共同期待一段时间以来在科技界存在的诸多问题,能够因为新评价办法的出台而改观,不仅是规范科学技术评价活动,而且能起到净化学术空气,培养优良学风的作用。

Monte Carlo study of spatial resolution of the scintillation camera

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different entrance surface treatments of the scintillator on the intrinsic spatial resolution of a scintillation camera.The primary scintillation light reflection on the entrance surface of a scintillator may be affected by the optical coating of the entrance surface,resulting in either spatial resolution or system detection efficiency degradation.A Monte Carlo simulation model,based on Geant4 codes,was developed in order to study the scintillation light transportation in the scintillator with an entrance surface of various optical coatings.The results demonstrated that the application of retro-reflector on entrance surface of the scintillation crystal can significantly improve the intrinsic spatial resolution of the scintillation camera.The physical mechanism of the improvement of spatial resolution is explored.

Selective Growth of ZnO Nanorods on SiO2/Si Substrates Using a Graphene Buffer Layer

A promising strategy for the selective growth of ZnO nanorods on SiO2/Si substrates using a graphene buffer layer in a low temperature solution process is described. High densities of ZnO nanorods were grown over a large area and most ZnO nanorods were vertically well-aligned on graphene. Furthermore, selective growth of ZnO nanorods on graphene was realized by applying a simple mechanical treatment, since ZnO nanorods formed on graphene are mechanically stable on an atomic level. These results were confirmed by first principles calculations which showed that the ZnO-graphene binding has a low destabilization energy. In addition, it was found that ZnO nanorods grown on SiO2/Si with a graphene buffer layer have better optical properties than ZnO nanorods grown on bare SiO2/Si. The nanostructured ZnO-graphene materials have promising applications in future flexible electronic and optical devices.