光学应变测量系统在研究生实验教学中的应用

把光学应变测量系统(ARAMIS 3D)用于研究生的高等实验力学实验中,开发了多个研究型实验。论文介绍了一个典型实验,利用数字图像相关方法(Digital Image Correlation,DIC)测定了带孔铝合金圆试件的拉伸弹性模量,观测圆孔周围的应力集中现象。在分级载荷下,采集试件变形前后的数字图像,对所采集的一系列数字图像进行相关计算获得三维应变场分布规律,从而获得拉伸铝试件的弹性模量。并将实验结果与电测法测得的弹性模量进行比较,两者吻合良好。同时,通过应变云图我们非常直观地观察到试件圆孔附近的应力集中现象。实验结果表明,利用这种简单高效的方法测定各种试件的弹性模量是可行的,具有很好的应用价值。更重要的是,能为一些利用传统接触式测量技术难以测量的试件提供一个新的研究途径。该光学应变测量系统可以非接触式的准确直观地实现对位移场、应变场的三维测量,能够更好地满足工程实验测试的要求。把该系统引入研究生的高等实验力学实验中,可进一步培养学生的科研意识、创新精神,更好地开拓学生的新视野,加深对力学知识的理解和掌握,极大地提高学生的科研积极性,更好地了解和掌握当前力学领域的先进测量手段,为做科研打下坚实的基础。

光学应变技术在QP钢成形极限试验中的运用

采用光学网格应变分析技术对QP钢进行成形极限试验,评价两种QP钢的成形性能,并与传统的DP钢进行比较。结果表明,和原有的测量方式相比较,光学网格应变分析方法可靠性高,测量较为准确,能够消除人工测量产生的差异;和传统的高强钢DP980相比,第三代汽车用高强钢QP980和QP1180具有较好的成形性能。

光学应变测量系统研究现状与展望

随着光学测量技术在应变测量中的应用,应变测量进入一个新的领域,特别是随着光纤传感器技术的全面发展,光学应变测量技术逐步成为了应变测量的主要技术.为此,介绍了几种光学应变测量系统及其应用,了解了现在光学测量技术在应变测量方面的现状,提出了一些光学测量在应变测量方面的进一步研究方向.

非接触式光学应变测量技术研究进展

随着光学应变测量技术的兴起,特别是非接触式的光学应变测量技术的发展,使得这一技术已成为应变测量的先进技术。本文在分析非接触式应变测量技术研究进展的基础上,介绍了几种较前沿的非接触式光学应变测量技术及其应用,同时对该技术的优缺点进行了总结。

新型实用光学应变传感器

本文介绍一种新型实用光学应变传感器,它利用一个高频衍射光栅和两个位敏探测器直接测量平面应变,可取代传统的电阻应变计。应变的测量与光栅刚体的运动无关,多次重复测量可改进应变灵敏度并消除由于激光与光栅的误准直而产生的残余应变误差。测量的应变以数字和图线的形式实时的直接显示在监测器上。应变灵敏度为1me,空间分辨为0.1mm。

ARAMIS光学应变测量在QP980钢板成形极限试验中的应用

成形极限曲线(FLC)是由钢板失效时的极限主次应变点描绘成的曲线,采用FLC可以精确评价高强钢QP980成形性能优劣,并可以方便地用在钢板冲压仿真分析中,但是成形极限试验传统的网格分析测量方式过程繁琐。ARAMIS光学应变测量系统配备双相机测量设备,采用数字散斑测量方式,可实现高精度实时测量变形,克服了传统测量方式的缺点。高强钢QP980因为强度高、延伸率较低,采用传统的检测方式不容易观察到临界失稳的状态。试验表明ARAMIS光学应变测量可以方便准确找到颈缩开始时刻,获得QP980试样失稳时的表面应变分布,采用截线法和时间相关法得到FLC。通过试样应变云图,可以进行应变路径分析,进一步观察高强钢变形特点。

特种设备监测中应变光学测量关键技术的应用研究

现代社会迅猛发展的今天,特征设备应用范围越来越广泛,确保特征设备具有良好的性能,可以使各项生产活动安全、稳定进行,从而推动现代社会向着更加良好的方向发展。所以,在特征设备运行过程中,应采取科学、合理的方式对其运行状态进行监测。基于此,本文以应变学测量中的数字散斑技术为依托,设计出了一种特征装备高温监测系统,并对该系统的应用效果进行了检测,通过检测可以发现,其可以较为准确的检测出特种装备管道蠕变应变,可将其应用到实际当中。

应用深度光学应变特征图的人脸活体检测

目的随着人脸识别系统应用的日益广泛,提高身份认证的安全性,提升人脸活体检测的有效性已经成为迫切需要解决的问题。针对活体检测中真实用户的照片存在的人脸欺骗问题,提出一种新的解决照片攻击的人脸活体检测算法。方法利用局部二值模式LBP(local binary pattern)、TV-L1(total variation regularization and the robust L1 norm)光流法、光学应变和深度网络实现的人脸活体检测方法。对原始数据进行预处理得到LBP特征图;对LBP特征图提取光流信息,提高对噪声适应的鲁棒性;计算光流的导数得到图像的光学应变图,以表征相邻两帧之间的微纹理性质的微小移动量;通过卷积神经网络模型(CNN)将每个应变图编码成特征向量,最终将特征向量传递给长短期记忆LSTM(long short term memory)模型进行分类,实现真假人脸的判别。结果实验在两个公开的人脸活体检测数据库上进行,并将本文算法与具有代表性的活体检测算法进行对比。在南京航空航天大学(NUAA)人脸活体检测数据库中,算法精度达到99.79%;在Replay-attack数据库中,算法精度达到98.2%,对比实验的结果证明本文算法对照片攻击的识别更加准确。结论本文提出的针对照片攻击的人脸活体检测算法,融合光学应变图像和深度学习模型的优点,使得人脸活体检测更加准确。

锌层对镀锌薄板DX51D+Z成形极限的影响及成形改善

为研究锌层对镀锌薄板DX51D+Z的成形影响,利用三维光学应变测量系统对该钢板开展成形极限检测,获得冲压失效时的主次极限应变点描绘成的成形极限曲线(Forming Limit Curve),并与去锌层基板对比测试,发现锌层对镀锌薄板成形性能存在一定负面影响。在特定的应变状态下,镀锌薄板DX51D+Z比去除锌层基板的成形极限低5%~12%。通过观测相关点的应变分布,发现镀锌钢板成形受润滑条件影响显著,可以采用3层0.05 mm聚乙烯和0.1 mm凡士林进行改善,经试验验证,改善润滑条件可以有效地促进镀锌DX51D+Z成形拱顶部位的应变均匀分布,极限主应变得到约9%的提升。

三维数字图像相关法测量氧化锆陶瓷的弹性模量

利用三维光学应变测量系统(ARAMIS 3D)采集不同载荷下的氧化锆陶瓷的数字图像,并进行相关计算获得了三维应变云图,测得了氧化锆陶瓷的压缩弹性模量。实验结果表明,利用数字图像相关技术可以为脆性的陶瓷材料力学性能提供一个可靠的研究途径。

光流模值估计的微表情捕捉

采用力的加速度参量展开描述人脸表情的变化过程,直接反映变化速度,从而有效捕捉表情序列中由不完全肌肉运动所引起的微表情关键帧.利用Horn-Schunck(H-S)光流法对连续运动的人脸图像序列提取运动目标的运动特征;通过光学应变张量算法,结合运动特征中的光流速度估计,推导出加速度参量;利用全局阈值算法对加速度模值和速度与张量模值作分类、比较,实现微表情图像序列关键帧的提取.采用Oulu大学SMIC微表情数据库中16个实验对象的88个微表情片段作为实验样本,平均正确识别率可达80.7%,比仅利用光学张量算法的正确识别率高12.5%.实验结果表明,所提出的加速度参量对微表情提取更具有效性.

基于ARAMIS的搅拌摩擦焊焊接件拉伸试验分析

利用ARAMIS光学应变测量系统分析了搅拌摩擦焊焊接件在拉伸过程中的应变分布和不同位置处的应变变化曲线,结果表明,试验前300s应变变化较缓慢,处在均匀塑性应变阶段,应变从0增加到10%左右,而当300s时出现颈缩后,进入非均匀集中塑性应变阶段,应变在100s内从10%增加到30%左右,最后在400s时断裂;距焊缝越近,应变变化越剧烈,离焊缝较远处,应变变化曲线相对较平缓,最大应变出现在焊缝后退侧热影响区,达到31%,而焊核和前进侧的应变最大分别达到24%和16%。

Tuning optical properties of ITO films grown by rf sputtering:Effects of oblique angle deposition and thermal annealing

Indium tin oxide(ITO)thin films were prepared using the technique of rf-sputtering with oblique angle deposition(OAD).The films were as-deposited and thermally treated at 250℃.The combination of substrate inclination and annealing was used for modifying morphological and structural properties that lead to changes of the optical properties.The resulting films show morphology of tilted nanocolumn,fissures among columns,and structural changes.The as-deposited films are structurally disordered with an amorphous component and the annealed films are crystallized and more ordered and the film diffractograms correspond to the cubic structure of In2O3.The refractive index could be modified up to 0.3 in as-deposited films and up to 0.15 in annealed films as functions of the inclination angle of the nanocolumns.Similarly,the band gap energy increases up to about 0.4 eV due to the reduction of the microstrain distribution.It is found that the microstrain distribution,which is related to lattice distortions,defects and the presence of fissures in the films,is the main feature that can be engineered through morphological modifications for achieving the adjustment of the optical properties.

Influence of processing parameters on laser metal deposited copper and titanium alloy composites

The laser metal deposition （LMD） was conducted on copper by varying the processing parameters in order to achieve the best possible settings. Two sets of experiments were conducted. The deposited composites were characterized through the evolving microstructure, microhardness profiling and mechanical properties. It was found that the evolving microstructures of the deposited composites were characterized with primary, secondary and tertiary arms dendrites, acicular microstructure as well as the alpha and beta eutectic structures. From the two sets of experiments performed, it was found that Sample E produced at a laser power of 1200 W and a scanning speed of 1.2 m/min has the highest hardness of HV （190±42） but exhibits some lateral cracks due to its brittle nature, while Sample B produced at laser power of 1200 W and a scanning speed of 0.3 m/min shows no crack and a good microstructure with an increase in dendrites. The strain hardening coefficient of the deposited copper composite obtained in this experiment is 3.35.

Mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloy laser weldments

An AZ31 HP magnesium alloy was laser beam welded in autogenous mode with AZ61 filler using Nd-YAG laser system.Microstructural examination revealed that the laser beam weld metals obtained with or without filler material had an average grain size of about 12 μm.The microhardness and the tensile strength of the weldments were similar to those of the parent alloy.However,the stress corrosion cracking （SCC） behaviour of both the weldments assessed by slow strain rate tensile （SSRT） tests in ASTM D1384 solution was found to be slightly inferior to that of the parent alloy.It was observed that the stress corrosion cracks originated in the weld metal and propagated through the weld metal-HAZ regions in the autogenous weldment.On the other hand,in the weldment obtained with AZ61 filler material,the crack initiation and propagation was in the HAZ region.The localized damage of the magnesium hydroxide/oxide film formed on the surface of the specimens due to the exposure to the corrosive environment during the SSRT tests was found to be responsible for the SCC.

Physically-based modeling for hole scattering rate in strained Si_(1-x) Ge_x/(100)Si

Based on the Fermi's golden rule and the theory of Boltzmann collision term approximation, a physically-based model for hole scattering rate(SR) in strained Si1-x Gex/(100)Si was presented, which takes into account a variety of scattering mechanisms,including ionized impurity, acoustic phonon, non-polar optical phonon and alloy disorder scattering. It is indicated that the SRs of acoustic phonon and non-polar optical phonon decrease under the strain, and the total SR in strained Si1-x Gex/(100)Si also decreases obviously with increasing Ge fraction(x). Moreover, the total SR continues to show a constant tendency when x is less than 0.3. In comparison with bulk Si, the total SR of strained Si1-x Gex/(100) Si decreases by about 58%.

基于多运动特征融合的微表情识别算法

直接使用原始微表情序列对微表情进行识别的效果一般,且已有的算法往往利用单一的特征图而没有对多种特征图进行融合来识别微表情。针对这些问题,提出一种新的微表情识别算法,该算法对多种运动特征图进行特征提取之后再进行融合,以获得更准确的识别结果。所提算法利用卷积神经网络(CNN)和长短期记忆(LSTM)网络结合的深度学习框架。在CASMEII微表情数据库上对不同算法进行测试。实验结果表明,与其他识别算法相比,所提算法取得了更加优良的效果。

Structural and optical verification of residual strain effect in single crystalline CdTe nanowires

Single crystalline CdTe nanowires have been synthesized using Au-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction reveals the existence of non- negligible inhomogeneous compressive strain in the nanowires along the 〈111〉 growth direction. The effect of the strain on the electronic structure is manifested by the blue-shifted and broadened photoluminescence spectra involving shallow donor/acceptor states. Such residual strain is of great importance for a better understanding of the optical and electrical behaviors of various semiconductor nanomaterials as well as for device design and applications.

Transformation optics applied to van der Waals interactions

The van der Waals force originates from the electromagnetic interaction between quantum fluctuationinduced charges. It is a ubiquitous but subtle force which plays an important role and has a wide range of applications in surface related phenomena like adhesion, friction,and colloidal stability. Calculating the van der Waals force between closely spaced metallic nanoparticles is very challenging due to the strong concentration of electromagnetic fields at the nanometric gap. Especially, at such a small length scale, the macroscopic description of the dielectric properties no longer suffices. The diffuse nonlocal nature of the induced surface electrons which are smeared out near the boundary has to be considered. Here,we review the recent progress on using three-dimensional transformation optics to study the van der Waals forces between closely spaced nanostructures. Through mapping a seemingly asymmetric system to a more symmetric counterpart, transformation optics enables us to look into the behavior of van der Waals forces at extreme length scales,where the effect of nonlocality is found to dramatically weaken the van der Waals interactions.

Photo-induced morphology transition of a multifunctional photochromic bisthienylethene molecule with switchable aggregation-induced emission

A novel multifunctional molecule BTE-CNPH was designed and synthesized by connecting 2-(3′,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-cyanovinyl group to both side of the bisthienylethene(BTE), which exhibited excellent aggregation-induced emission(AIE) and bistable photochromism. High-contrast(>60) reversible fluorescence switching was achieved in the 1 D nanowires, solid of BTE-CNPH and also in a polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) film loaded with 1% BTE-CNPH under the alternative irradiation by 365 nm and visible light. Interestingly, the nanowire-like assembly morphology of BTE-CNPH in aqueous tetrahydrofuran(THF) solution of specific concentration was observed to translate into amorphous pieces gradually upon prolonged irradiation by the 365 nm, accompanying with photo-tunable AIE emission.