单分子监测与操纵(Single-Molecule Observation and Manipulation)综合利用光学工具、荧光标记和扫描探针显微技术对单分子进行成像和监测。过去在观测大分子行为时,必须设法使样本中反应同步进行,以获取相对准确的分布信息。而单分子...单分子监测与操纵(Single-Molecule Observation and Manipulation)综合利用光学工具、荧光标记和扫描探针显微技术对单分子进行成像和监测。过去在观测大分子行为时,必须设法使样本中反应同步进行,以获取相对准确的分布信息。而单分子监测与操纵技术的出现,使得研究生理环境下的实时反应中大分子的构型、分布和反应进程成为可能,并为进一步解释DNA转录、RNA聚合、动力蛋白和蛋白质折叠机理等一系列过程提供了有力的研究手段。使用扫描隧道显微镜(Scanning Tunneling Microscope,STM),可以更为深刻地观察分子的量子电动力学行为,理解分子水平上力学作用、电磁作用及化学作用的相互影响,并以此为基础设计极其高效的纳米器件。对上述三个领域(光学工具、荧光标记、扫描探针显微技术)做了简要介绍,并重点阐述其在生物大分子研究中的具体应用。展开更多
Since their advent in the 1980s,optical tweezers have attracted more and more attention due to their unique non-contact and non-invasion characteristics and their wide applications in physics,biology,chemistry,medical...Since their advent in the 1980s,optical tweezers have attracted more and more attention due to their unique non-contact and non-invasion characteristics and their wide applications in physics,biology,chemistry,medical science and nanoscience.In this paper,we introduce the basic principle,the history and typical applications of optical tweezers and review our recent experimental works on the development and application of optical tweezers technique.We will discuss in detail several technological issues,including high precision displacement and force measurement in single-trap and dual-trap optical tweezers,multi-trap optical tweezers with each trap independently and freely controlled by means of space light modulator,and incorporation of cylindrical vector optical beams to build diversified optical tweezers beyond the conventional Gaussian-beam optical tweezers.We will address the application of these optical tweezers techniques to study biophysical problems such as mechanical deformation of cell membrane and binding energy between plant microtubule and microtubule associated proteins.Finally we present application of the optical tweezers technique for trapping,transporting,and patterning of metallic nanoparticles,which can be harnessed to manipulate surface plasmon resonance properties of these nanoparticles.展开更多
A 1-mm in diameter polystyrene bead coated with lectin is trapped by optical tweezers which is formed by a focused laser beam (740 nm). A leucocyte adhered to the bottom of sample cell is chosen to close to the trappe...A 1-mm in diameter polystyrene bead coated with lectin is trapped by optical tweezers which is formed by a focused laser beam (740 nm). A leucocyte adhered to the bottom of sample cell is chosen to close to the trapped bead. When their stable combination is confirmed, the leucocyte is displaced by moving the sample stage. A tether is then formed between the trapped bead and the membrane. The force acting on the tether is measured by a detector equipped on the optical tweezers system. The deformation of the membrane is diverse in different contact conditions. When the contact area is small, the tether is very thin and the force on it is 7.4 pN (10-12 N), while the tether is much thicker un-der a larger contact area and its corresponding force is about 14 pN. It is presumed that the latter is related to the defor-mation of cytoskeleton.展开更多
基金partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology(18H03762 and 21H04543 to Fumihito Arai and Nobuyuki Uozumi)。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10474094, and the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No KJCX2-SW-h12-O2.
文摘Since their advent in the 1980s,optical tweezers have attracted more and more attention due to their unique non-contact and non-invasion characteristics and their wide applications in physics,biology,chemistry,medical science and nanoscience.In this paper,we introduce the basic principle,the history and typical applications of optical tweezers and review our recent experimental works on the development and application of optical tweezers technique.We will discuss in detail several technological issues,including high precision displacement and force measurement in single-trap and dual-trap optical tweezers,multi-trap optical tweezers with each trap independently and freely controlled by means of space light modulator,and incorporation of cylindrical vector optical beams to build diversified optical tweezers beyond the conventional Gaussian-beam optical tweezers.We will address the application of these optical tweezers techniques to study biophysical problems such as mechanical deformation of cell membrane and binding energy between plant microtubule and microtubule associated proteins.Finally we present application of the optical tweezers technique for trapping,transporting,and patterning of metallic nanoparticles,which can be harnessed to manipulate surface plasmon resonance properties of these nanoparticles.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 1989380 and 10174097)
文摘A 1-mm in diameter polystyrene bead coated with lectin is trapped by optical tweezers which is formed by a focused laser beam (740 nm). A leucocyte adhered to the bottom of sample cell is chosen to close to the trapped bead. When their stable combination is confirmed, the leucocyte is displaced by moving the sample stage. A tether is then formed between the trapped bead and the membrane. The force acting on the tether is measured by a detector equipped on the optical tweezers system. The deformation of the membrane is diverse in different contact conditions. When the contact area is small, the tether is very thin and the force on it is 7.4 pN (10-12 N), while the tether is much thicker un-der a larger contact area and its corresponding force is about 14 pN. It is presumed that the latter is related to the defor-mation of cytoskeleton.
