可插拔光层技术的研究

对于电网通信光缆纤芯不足和纤芯传输质量不高的问题,通过对可插拔光层技术的应用,能够满足我国电力通信网络发展的需求。OTN技术属于现代化信息传输技术中的重要内容,不仅能够促进社会经济的快速发展,而且能够满足人们对信息通信传输的要求。因此,电力企业需要熟练掌握OTN技术的相关概念、特点以及这一技术在信息通信传输领域中的应用情况,不断进行创新改革,使OTN技术能够更好地服务于电力通信网。把模块化紧凑型的应用推广到光放大器、光合分波器、波长选择器以及光时域反射测试器中,采用线路侧波长可调的XFP激光器模块,通过软件调整激光器的波长,采用ODU层面的子网连接保护,单波速率达到10 Gb/s,实现了传输网络根据业务需求的灵活升级。

预留光爆层爆破技术在长大隧道全断面施工中的应用

在大断面隧道采用传统光爆法施工中,很难保证所有周边孔同时起爆,存在隧道轮廓平整度低、超欠挖量大、炮孔留痕率低、成形质量不好等一系列问题。文章以东天山长大隧道工程为背景,采用预留光爆层爆破技术进行全断面一次施工,通过优化起爆顺序、起爆网络及爆破参数,取得了良好的光面爆破效果。现场试验结果表明:采用预留光爆层爆破技术,平均线性超挖量控制在15~25 cm以内,比传统光面爆破方法减少80%;初期支护混凝土用量降低了2.63 m3/m,大大减少了混凝土用量,经济效益明显;另外,采用预留光爆层爆破技术,实际循环进尺、炮孔残留率、炮孔利用率、炸药单耗等指标均有明显改善,隧道整体成形质量良好。

预留光爆层分次爆破技术在仙亭煤矿＋300m环形车场掘进应用

本文介绍预留光爆层分次爆破技术在仙亭煤矿＋300m环形车场掘进应用取得成效，分析了预留光爆层分次爆破技术施工工艺、爆破参数确定及对施工过程存在问题，采取有针对性措施，对爆破方案进行改进后，有效提高了巷道成形质量，周边眼炮眼痕率达到85％以上，巷道超欠挖得到有效控制。

SDH、ATM及光层的应用

SDH是一项成熟的传输技术 ,它可为不同的业务和传输类型提供灵活的传输煤介 ;ATM主要用于数据网络组建 ,它能很好地处理突发业务 ,并可以在SDH中以VC - 4净负荷形式传输ATM信元 ;光层使用WDM技术 ,可使点对点系统容量增加 ,这既节省光纤又提高传输速率。本文着重讨论了SDH ,ATM及光层技术在实际中的应用组合 ,希望能对油田通信工程技术人员的实际工人有所帮助。

SDH、ATM及光层

近年来，油田通信技术发展非常迅速，相继建成了SDH、ATM和CAIV等网络，而这些网络的实现都依赖于光纤技术的发展。本文着重介绍了SDH、ATM和光学技术的基本知识，希望能使大家对这些技术有进一步的了解。

A Review on Fiber Lasers

After a half century of development, fiber laser has evolved from a concept to a great family penetrating into various fields of applications. This paper reviews the history and current development of fiber lasers, with topics covering both continuous wave and short pulse fiber lasers. Important issues such as the major rare earth dopants, fiber laser brightness, polarization effects, clad pumping technology, beam combination, mode locking and pulse shaping are discussed in this paper.

Characterization of Topsoil Samples and Analysis of the Distribution of Heavy Metals in Parral Chihuahua, Mexico

During the 17th Century, Parral City in the Chihuahua State in Mexico was one of the most important miner zones in the whole world. After more than three centuries important amounts of residuals, known as tailings, with high contents of heavy metals were generated. These residuals are a potential risk for the environment and human health. Given to that, it decided to carry out the analysis of the concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium, zinc and arsenics, in topsoil samples susceptible of airborne transport and accumulation in risky zones （populated areas）. A 120 kin： area was selected, this include Parral City and its surroundings. From this area 30 samples were obtained. For this purpose, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy technique was used, expecting high concentrations of heavy metals, above the permit limits, since several studies carried out in the same region, as in San Francisco del Oro Chihuahua, show that the concentrations of all the elements sampled, in topsoil, were above the limits. The analysis in the space distribution of the heavy metal detected will allow us to set the points with the highest susceptibility to the accumulation of those pollutants and to propose mitigation measures and control.

Few‐layer carbon nitride photocatalysts for solar fuels and chemicals:Current status and prospects

Converting sunlight directly to fuels and chemicals is a great latent capacity for storing renewable energy.Due to the advantages of large surface area,short diffusion paths for electrons,and more exposed active sites,few‐layer carbon nitride(FLCN)materials present great potential for production of solar fuels and chemicals and set off a new wave of research in the last few years.Herein,the recent progress in synthesis and regulation of FLCN‐based photocatalysts,and their applications in the conversion of sunlight into fuels and chemicals,is summarized.More importantly,the regulation strategies from chemical modification to microstructure control toward the production of solar fuels and chemicals has been deeply analyzed,aiming to inspire critical thinking about the effective approaches for photocatalyst modification rather than developing new materials.At the end,the key scientific challenges and some future trend of FLCN‐based materials as advanced photocatalysts are also discussed.

Technology of Laser Protection and Defrosting Film

A compound coating of electrically conductive and visible transparent film and laser protective film has been developed,this coating has light densities of no less than 4 against 0.53 μm and no less than 3 against 1.06 μm in the range of ±30° angular field.The average transmittance value as high as 60% from 0.4 μm to 0.7 μm has been achieved.The structures of the laser protective filters are compared.The refractive index of a compound material used in the matching layer has been given.Measured results of the laser protective film coating are compared with that of the compound coating.

Study on optical compound films

Using the compound materials and double e-gun evaporation,the compound optical films have been successfully deposited on K9 glass substrate.The refractive index of optical compund films deposited in diffeent parameters have been measured and theoretical formula for calculation refractive index of compound films have been derived.It is shown that the experimental curve for the variation of refractive index with wavelength in 0.4￣1.4 μm region and the theoretical one agree very well.Using these films,the laser reflecting mirror has been successfully coated.

ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIAL VIABILITY WITH CONTRAST-ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND COMPARISON WITH SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Objective To compare contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging （ceMRI） with nuclear metabolic imaging for the assessment of myocardial viability in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. Methods Twenty patients with suspected chronic ischemic heart disease underwent ceMRI and technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography （SPECT）. Patients with positive SPECT results also underwent 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose （FDG） SPECT. In a 17-segment model, the segmental extent of hyperenhancement （SEH） by ceMRI was compared with segmental FDG and sestamibi uptake by SPECT. Correlation between the extent of hyperenhancement by ceMRI and left ventricular function was analyzed. Seven patients got negative results both in ceMRI and technetium-99m sestamibi SPECT. The rest 13 patients with positive results then underwent ^18F-FDG SPECT. In 221 segments of 13 patients, SEH was （2. 1±8.2）%, （25.0±13.7 ）%, and （57. 7±23.6 ）% in segments with normal metabolism/perfusion, metabolism/perfusion mismatch, and matched defects, respectively, and there were significant differences between either two of them （ all P 〈 0.05）. By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve was 0. 95 for the differentiation between viable and non-viable segments. At the cutoff value of 34%, SEH optimally differentiated viable from non-viable segments defined by SPECT. Using this threshold, the sensitivity and specificity of ceMRI to detect non-viable myocardium as defined by SPECT were 92% and 93%, respectively. Hyperenhancement size by ceMRI was correlated negatively with the left ventricular ejection fraction （ r = - 0.90, P 〈 0.01 ） and positively with left ventricular volumes （ r = 0. 62 for end-diastolic volume, r = 0.75 for end-systolic volume, both P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion CeMRI allows assessment of myocardial viability with a high accuracy in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease.

Assessment of cortical bone microdamage following insertion of microimplants using optical coherence tomography: a preliminary study

Objectives： The study was done to evaluate the efficacy of optical coherence tomography （OCT）, to detect and analyze the microdamage occurring around the microimplant immediately following its placement, and to compare the findings with micro-computed tomography （IJCT） images of the samples to validate the result of the present study. Methods： Microimplants were inserted into bovine bone samples. Images of the samples were obtained using OCT and μCT. Visual comparisons of the images were made to evaluate whether anatomical details and microdamage induced by microimplant insertion were accurately revealed by OCT. Results： The surface of the cortical bone with its anatomical variations is visualized on the OCT images. Microdamage occurring on the surface of the cortical bone around the microimplant can be appreciated in OCT images. The resulting OCT images were compared with the μCT images. A high correlation regarding the visualization of individual microcracks was observed. The depth penetration of OCT is limited when compared to μCT. Conclusions： OCT in the present study was able to generate high-resolution images of the microdamage occurring around the microimplant. Image quality at the surface of the cortical bone is above par when compared with μCT imaging, because of the inherent high contrast and high-resolution quality of OCT systems. Improvements in the imaging depth and development of intraoral sensors are vital for developing a real-time imaging system and integrating the system into orthodontic practice.

Microstructure and corrosion properties of laser cladding MoNi based alloy coatings

Mo-based alloys are widely used for their excellent wear and corrosion resistance as well as high temperature resistance.Mo-NiCrBSi and Mo-Ni alloy coatings were prepared on 1020 water wall tube by laser cladding technology in the present study.The microstructure and phase compositions were analyzed by means of the scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).The corrosion properties of the coatings were evaluated by an electrochemical experiment at room temperature in 3.5 wt.%NaCl electrolyte.With increasing content of Mo,the structure homogeneity in Mo-Ni coatings deteriorated,the grain size increased,the average hardness and the corrosion resistance declined,due to the more content of harmful phases.Compared to the Mo-Ni coatings,the overall performance was better for the Mo-NiCrBSi,which had the higher hardness contributed by the element B and Si as well as the better corrosion resistance due to the addition of Cr.

Diagnostic value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Objective:To investigate the value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Methods:Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes,including 60 patients without DPN(NDPN group)and 30 patients with DPN(DPN group),and 30 healthy participants(normal group)were enrolled.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to measure the four quadrants and the overall average RNFL thickness of the optic disc.The receiver operator characteristic curve was drawn and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of RNFL thickness in the optic disc area for DPN.Results:The RNFL thickness of the DPN group was thinner than those of the normal and NDPN groups in the overall average((101.07±12.40)μm vs.(111.07±6.99)μm and(109.25±6.90)μm),superior quadrant((123.00±19.04)μm vs.(138.93±14.16)μm and(134.47±14.34)μm),and inferior quadrant((129.37±17.50)μm vs.(143.60±12.22)μm and(144.48±14.10)μm),and the differences were statistically significant.The diagnostic efficiencies of the overall average,superior quadrant,and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses,and a combined index of superior and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were similar,and the AUCs were 0.739(95%confidence interval(CI)0.635–0.826),0.683(95%CI 0.576–0.778),0.755(95%CI 0.652–0.840),and 0.773(95%CI 0.672–0.854),respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity of RNFL thickness in the superior quadrant reached 93.33%.Conclusions:The thickness of the RNFL in the optic disc can be used as a diagnostic method for DPN.

Fiber-Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor With Multi-Alternating Metal Layers for Biological Measurement

Optical fiber based SPR sensors have attracted more and more attention due to their unique advantages over the prism-based SPR sensors. A novel fiber-optic SPR sensor with multi-alternating metal layers for biochemical analysis is presented in this paper. Based on the fundamental SPR theory of the fiber optic sensing technology, we theoretically investigated the effects of the existence of alternating layers deposited on sensing region SPR wavelength changes. The emphasis was placed on the numerical simulation of the fiber-optic SPR sensor＇s sensitivity which could be affected by its technical parameters such as the metal thickness, number of alternating layers. Results showed that, compared to the normal SPR sensor with the single metal layer, the proposed sensor had a wider detecting range of the refractive index and higher sensitivity, which can find applications in biological analysis.

Assessments of tear meniscus height, tear film thickness, and corneal epithelial thickness after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty

Objective： To assess the lower tear meniscus height（LTMH）, central tear film thickness（CTFT）, and central corneal epithelial thickness（CCET） after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty（DALK）. Methods： This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 20 patients who had DALK in one eye over a three-month period. LTMH, CTFT, and CCET of the operated eyes and the unoperated fellow eyes were measured using high-definition optical coherence tomography（HD-OCT）. Correlations between three OCT assessments and age, time following surgery, graft size, bed size, and the number of residual sutures were analyzed. Results： Compared to patients with keratoconus, patients with other corneal conditions had significantly higher CCET in the fellow eye（P=0.024）. For all patients, CCET in the operated eye was significantly negatively correlated with the number of residual sutures（R=-0.579, P=0.008）, and was significantly positively correlated with time following surgery（R=0.636, P=0.003）. In the fellow eye, a significant positive correlation was found between age and CCET（R=0.551, P=0.012）, and a significant negative correlation between age and CTFT（R=-0.491, P=0.028）. LTMH was found to be significantly correlated between operated and fellow eyes（R=0.554, P=0.011）. There was no significant correlation between LTMH and age, bed/graft size, time following surgery, or residual sutures（all possible correlations, P0.05）. Conclusions： Patients with keratoconus tend to have a thinner central corneal epithelium. Corneal epithelium keeps regenerating over time after DALK. DALK did not induce a significant change in tear volume compared with the fellow eye. Postoperative tear function might depend on an individual＇s general condition, rather than on age, gender, bed/graft size, time following surgery, or residual sutures.