The interactive Lagrangian density of massive photons and gravitons is proposed after an investigation into the interaction between photons with or without mass under the influence of gravity either as classical field...The interactive Lagrangian density of massive photons and gravitons is proposed after an investigation into the interaction between photons with or without mass under the influence of gravity either as classical field, gravitational wave, or gravitons from a perspective of quantum field. This interactive Lagrangian density can provide a step-stone for further research of gravitational wave and the possible rest mass of photon.展开更多
The redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars are studied when the observing and emitting points of the spectral lines locate at different positions. And the motion of masspo...The redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars are studied when the observing and emitting points of the spectral lines locate at different positions. And the motion of masspoints is also studied. The studies show that the redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars can he arbitrarily positive, and the motion of mass-points in gravitational fields of photon stars can be used to determine the mass of photon stars.展开更多
A variation pixels identification method was proposed aiming at depressing the effect of variation pixels, which dilates the theoretical hyperspectral data simplex and misguides volume evaluation of the simplex. With ...A variation pixels identification method was proposed aiming at depressing the effect of variation pixels, which dilates the theoretical hyperspectral data simplex and misguides volume evaluation of the simplex. With integration of both spatial and spectral information, this method quantitatively defines a variation index for every pixel. The variation index is proportional to pixels local entropy but inversely proportional to pixels kernel spatial attraction. The number of pixels removed was modulated by an artificial threshold factor α. Two real hyperspectral data sets were employed to examine the endmember extraction results. The reconstruction errors of preprocessing data as opposed to the result of original data were compared. The experimental results show that the number of distinct endmembers extracted has increased and the reconstruction error is greatly reduced. 100% is an optional value for the threshold factor α when dealing with no prior knowledge hyperspectral data.展开更多
The photopolymerization kinetics of cycloaliphatic epoxide and oxetane with accelerators were investigated with Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(RT-FTIR).The consumption rates of epoxy group and oxeta...The photopolymerization kinetics of cycloaliphatic epoxide and oxetane with accelerators were investigated with Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(RT-FTIR).The consumption rates of epoxy group and oxetane group as a function of time were obtained by monitoring of the absorption peaks in the 789 cm-1 and 981 cm-1.The effect of accelerators type and the accelerating mechanism were discussed.In general,benzyl alcohol and its analogues with electron-donating substituents are useful accelerators for the cationic polymerization of cycloaliphatic epoxide and oxetane.Activated monomer mechanism and free-radical chain-induced decomposition of onium salt cationic photoinitiator account for the observed accelerating effect on the polymerization rate.展开更多
Gravitational field produced by high-power laser is calculated according to the linearized Einstein field equation in weak field approximation. Gravitational Faraday effect of electromagnetic wave propagating in the a...Gravitational field produced by high-power laser is calculated according to the linearized Einstein field equation in weak field approximation. Gravitational Faraday effect of electromagnetic wave propagating in the above gravitational field is studied and the rotation angle of polarization plane of electromagnetic wave is derived. The result is discussed and estimated under the condition of present experiment facility.展开更多
A comprehensive simulation was performed to better understand the impacts and effects of the additional technical noises on weak-light phase-locking for LISA. The result showed that the phase of the slave laser tracke...A comprehensive simulation was performed to better understand the impacts and effects of the additional technical noises on weak-light phase-locking for LISA. The result showed that the phase of the slave laser tracked well with the received transmitting light under different noise level, and the locking precision was limited by the phase readout noise when the laser frequency noise and clock jitter noise were removed. This result was then confirmed by a benchtop experimental test. The required LISA noise floor was recovered from the simulation which proved the validity of the simulation program. In order to convert the noise function into real time data with random characteristics, an algorism based on Fourier transform was also invented.展开更多
We investigate the Hawking radiation of a GMGHS charged black hole from the heterotic string scenario by the massive particles turmeling method. We consider the spacetime background to be dynamical, incorporate the se...We investigate the Hawking radiation of a GMGHS charged black hole from the heterotic string scenario by the massive particles turmeling method. We consider the spacetime background to be dynamical, incorporate the self-gravitation effect of the emitted particles and show that the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein- Hawking entropy and the derived emission spectrum does not deviate from the pure thermal spectrum of Schwrzschild＇s black hole.展开更多
In the standard model of particle physics, photons are massless particles with a particular dispersion relation. Tests of this claim at different scales are both interesting and important. Experiments in territory lab...In the standard model of particle physics, photons are massless particles with a particular dispersion relation. Tests of this claim at different scales are both interesting and important. Experiments in territory labs and several exterritorial tests have put some upper limits on photon mass, e.g., torsion balance experiment in the lab shows that photon mass should be smaller than 1.2 x 10-51g. In this work, this claim is tested at a cosmological scale by looking at strong gravitational lensing data available and an upper limit of 8.71 x 10-39g on photon mass is given. Observations of energy-dependent gravitational lensing with not yet available higher accuracy astrometry instruments may constrain photon mass better.展开更多
THE UNITED STATES U.S.scientists announce on February 11 that they have detected the existence of gravitational waves through the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory in Livingston,Louisiana（pictured ab...THE UNITED STATES U.S.scientists announce on February 11 that they have detected the existence of gravitational waves through the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory in Livingston,Louisiana（pictured above）.展开更多
Flow separation occurs over the compression comers generated by deflected control surfaces on hypersonic re-entry vehicles and in the inlet of scram jet engines. Configurations like a double wedge and double cone mode...Flow separation occurs over the compression comers generated by deflected control surfaces on hypersonic re-entry vehicles and in the inlet of scram jet engines. Configurations like a double wedge and double cone model are useful for studying the separated flow features. Flow fields around concave comers are relatively complicated and produce several classical viscous flow features depending on the combination of the first and second wedge or cone half apex angles. Particularly characteristic phenomena are mainly shock/boundary layer, shock/shock interaction, unsteady shear layers and non-linear shock oscillations. Although most of these basic gas dynamics characteristics are well known, it is not clear what happens at high enthalpy conditions. This paper reports a result of flow fields over a double wedge at a stagnation enthalpy of 4.8 MJ/kg. The experiment was carried out in a free piston shock tunnel at a nominal Mach number of 6.99. Schlieren and double exposure holographic interferometry were applied to visualize the flow field over the double wedge.展开更多
基金Funded by the National Basic Research Programs of China under Grant No. 2003CB716300, the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing under Grant No. 8562, and the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10575140.
文摘The interactive Lagrangian density of massive photons and gravitons is proposed after an investigation into the interaction between photons with or without mass under the influence of gravity either as classical field, gravitational wave, or gravitons from a perspective of quantum field. This interactive Lagrangian density can provide a step-stone for further research of gravitational wave and the possible rest mass of photon.
文摘The redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars are studied when the observing and emitting points of the spectral lines locate at different positions. And the motion of masspoints is also studied. The studies show that the redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars can he arbitrarily positive, and the motion of mass-points in gravitational fields of photon stars can be used to determine the mass of photon stars.
基金Projects(61571145,61405041)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014M551221)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,China+3 种基金Project(LBH-Z13057)supported by the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Science Found,ChinaProject(ZD201216)supported by the Key Program of Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(RC2013XK009003)supported by the Program of Excellent Academic Leaders of Harbin,ChinaProject(HEUCF1508)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘A variation pixels identification method was proposed aiming at depressing the effect of variation pixels, which dilates the theoretical hyperspectral data simplex and misguides volume evaluation of the simplex. With integration of both spatial and spectral information, this method quantitatively defines a variation index for every pixel. The variation index is proportional to pixels local entropy but inversely proportional to pixels kernel spatial attraction. The number of pixels removed was modulated by an artificial threshold factor α. Two real hyperspectral data sets were employed to examine the endmember extraction results. The reconstruction errors of preprocessing data as opposed to the result of original data were compared. The experimental results show that the number of distinct endmembers extracted has increased and the reconstruction error is greatly reduced. 100% is an optional value for the threshold factor α when dealing with no prior knowledge hyperspectral data.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.2005ABA181)National Innovation Fund for Small Technology-based Firms(No.05C26214201059)
文摘The photopolymerization kinetics of cycloaliphatic epoxide and oxetane with accelerators were investigated with Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(RT-FTIR).The consumption rates of epoxy group and oxetane group as a function of time were obtained by monitoring of the absorption peaks in the 789 cm-1 and 981 cm-1.The effect of accelerators type and the accelerating mechanism were discussed.In general,benzyl alcohol and its analogues with electron-donating substituents are useful accelerators for the cationic polymerization of cycloaliphatic epoxide and oxetane.Activated monomer mechanism and free-radical chain-induced decomposition of onium salt cationic photoinitiator account for the observed accelerating effect on the polymerization rate.
文摘Gravitational field produced by high-power laser is calculated according to the linearized Einstein field equation in weak field approximation. Gravitational Faraday effect of electromagnetic wave propagating in the above gravitational field is studied and the rotation angle of polarization plane of electromagnetic wave is derived. The result is discussed and estimated under the condition of present experiment facility.
基金supported by the Space Science Research Projects in Advance(Grant No.O930143XM1)the Scientific Equipment Development and Research Project(Grant No.Y231411YB1) of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A comprehensive simulation was performed to better understand the impacts and effects of the additional technical noises on weak-light phase-locking for LISA. The result showed that the phase of the slave laser tracked well with the received transmitting light under different noise level, and the locking precision was limited by the phase readout noise when the laser frequency noise and clock jitter noise were removed. This result was then confirmed by a benchtop experimental test. The required LISA noise floor was recovered from the simulation which proved the validity of the simulation program. In order to convert the noise function into real time data with random characteristics, an algorism based on Fourier transform was also invented.
基金Supported by the Universidad Nacional de Colombia.Hermes Project Code 17318
文摘We investigate the Hawking radiation of a GMGHS charged black hole from the heterotic string scenario by the massive particles turmeling method. We consider the spacetime background to be dynamical, incorporate the self-gravitation effect of the emitted particles and show that the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein- Hawking entropy and the derived emission spectrum does not deviate from the pure thermal spectrum of Schwrzschild＇s black hole.
文摘In the standard model of particle physics, photons are massless particles with a particular dispersion relation. Tests of this claim at different scales are both interesting and important. Experiments in territory labs and several exterritorial tests have put some upper limits on photon mass, e.g., torsion balance experiment in the lab shows that photon mass should be smaller than 1.2 x 10-51g. In this work, this claim is tested at a cosmological scale by looking at strong gravitational lensing data available and an upper limit of 8.71 x 10-39g on photon mass is given. Observations of energy-dependent gravitational lensing with not yet available higher accuracy astrometry instruments may constrain photon mass better.
文摘THE UNITED STATES U.S.scientists announce on February 11 that they have detected the existence of gravitational waves through the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory in Livingston,Louisiana（pictured above）.
文摘Flow separation occurs over the compression comers generated by deflected control surfaces on hypersonic re-entry vehicles and in the inlet of scram jet engines. Configurations like a double wedge and double cone model are useful for studying the separated flow features. Flow fields around concave comers are relatively complicated and produce several classical viscous flow features depending on the combination of the first and second wedge or cone half apex angles. Particularly characteristic phenomena are mainly shock/boundary layer, shock/shock interaction, unsteady shear layers and non-linear shock oscillations. Although most of these basic gas dynamics characteristics are well known, it is not clear what happens at high enthalpy conditions. This paper reports a result of flow fields over a double wedge at a stagnation enthalpy of 4.8 MJ/kg. The experiment was carried out in a free piston shock tunnel at a nominal Mach number of 6.99. Schlieren and double exposure holographic interferometry were applied to visualize the flow field over the double wedge.
