基于光栅传感的模型测量系统应用研究

模型试验作为解决复杂工程问题的一种有效手段已越来越受到重视。然而,与目前发展较快的模型试验系统和较为成熟的相似理论相比,测试技术相对滞后的问题依然存在。测量的精度与稳定性不能满足模型试验的需求。基于光纤/光栅传感技术的高精密性、稳定性和机光电一体的特性,结合模型试验的特殊测量要求,通过改进数据接收算法,研制了基于光学传感技术的模型位移/应变测量系统,包括光栅传感模型位移和光纤传感模型应变测试系统。该系统稳定、精度高、抗干扰,并能监测不连续位移。将该系统应用于注采气压变化条件下盐岩地下储气库变形特征地质力学模型试验中,测得了气压变化条件下围岩位移收敛和径向应变蠕变规律,测得在不同稳压阶段和不同注采气速率条件下围岩变形的不同特征。试验数据为合理确定盐岩储气库运营气压和注采气速率提供帮助,对盐岩储气库的安全稳定运营有重要意义。

Study of a displacement sensor based on transmission varied-line-space phase grating

A displacement sensor based on transmission varied-line-space(VLS) phase gratings is proposed. The relationship between the properties of the sensor and the parameters of VLS is discussed. compared with the displacement sensor manufactured by the reflective VLS grating,this type of sensor contains a grating with simpler structure and high diffraction efficiency. It also has good stability with the change of temperature.

High sensitivity micro-displacement sensor based on fiber Bragg grating and amplification substrate

A micro-displacement sensor based on fiber Bragg grating(FBG) is proposed. The device consists of a pair of FBGs with different central wavelengths fabricated by femtosecond laser phase mask method and a metal substrate with lever structure. The displacement is amplified by lever structure and it converts into axial tension of FBG, which has a high displacement sensitivity. The amplification factors obtained by theoretical analysis and finite element simulation are 2.67 and 2.50, respectively. The experimental results show that in the range of 0-50 μm the shift of FBG center wavelength is linearly related to the displacement of measured object and displacement sensitivity reaches 121 pm/μm. In addition, the cascaded FBG is used to compensate the temperature.

Multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction for structural health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges

This study is devoted to the experimental validation of the multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction method for structural health monitoring of long-span suspension bridges. The method for multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction is briefly described. A test bed, comprising of a physical model and an updated finite element （P-E） model of a long-span suspension bridge is also concisely introduced. The proposed method is then applied to the test bed; the equation of motion of the test bed subject to ground motion, the objective function for sensor location optimization, the principles for mode selection and multi-type response reconstruction are established. A numerical study using the updated FE model is performed to select the sensor types, numbers, and locations. Subsequently, with the identified sensor locations and some practical considerations, fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensors, laser displacement transducers, and accelerometers are installed on the physical bridge model. Finally, experimental investigations are conducted to validate the proposed method. The experimental results show that the reconstructed responses using the measured responses from the limited number of multitype sensors agree well with the actual bridge responses. The proposed method is validated to be feasible and effective for the monitoring of structural behavior of longspan suspension bridges.

Rail Expansion Devices Monitored by FBG Sensors on an Urban Railway Viaduct

The fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensing technology was used to monitor the situation of a crevice of the continuous beam joint and rails near rail expansion devices on a viaduct of the urban railway. The monitoring items consisted of the rail temperature, rail displacement, viaduct beam displacement, and strain of sliding rail in the rail expansion device section. The strain sensor was a prefabricate FBG strain gauge, the displacement sensor with different scales used an FBG stress ring, and the FBG of the temperature sensor was pre-drawn and fixed in a metal tube. Compensation sensors were used to balance environmental temperature changes. All FBGs were suspended adhered, therefore the chirped phenomenon of the FBG reflection peak was avoided, and the measurement accuracy was improved. The monitoring results matched to the manual test and theoretical estimation.

A novel all-fiber micro-displacement sensor based on long period grating and tip structure

A novel high sensitivity all-fiber micro-displacement sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.This sensor consists of a long period fiber gating and a fiber tip,which is achieved only by a commercial arc discharge fusion splicer,and thus possesses a lower cost.The wavelength sensitivity of the proposed sensor could be up to 934 pm/μm,which is four times higher than that of the long period fiber grating(LPFG) with an air cavity structure.The intensity change sensitivity is-1.973 dB/μm.