一种新型可调谐光栅的制作工艺

基于MEMS工艺,用硅橡胶制作了光栅常数可变型光栅,可用于光学MEMS器件中的关键部件,给出了可调谐光栅的详细制作工艺。经ANSYS对硅橡胶衬底光栅的弹性模量动态模拟,结果显示本光栅具有良好的线性响应。

基于S型结构的光纤光栅微位移传感器的研究

提出了一种特殊的光纤光栅传感器，该传感器在s型结构上刻写而成。在实验中，监测传感器透射光谱中的波谷特征波长实现微位移的测量。为了获取精准的测量数据，实验选取在1533．06nm（dipl）和1564．57nm（dip2）两处的干涉谷的特征波长作为观察的对象。通过理论分析和实验验证在0～70μm的微位移测量范围，两个干涉谷漂移量与微位移均呈现良好的线性关系。

面向边坡滑移的剪切位移传感装置

基于光纤布喇格光栅传感监测原理,设计了一种用于岩土滑坡监测的剪切位移传感装置.在等强度悬臂梁上粘贴光栅构成位移传感器,位移传感器被嵌入Φ50的聚氯乙烯树脂管中,Φ50聚氯乙烯树脂管外套Φ70聚氯乙烯树脂管,在两管之间浇筑1:1的砂浆.通过室内模拟剪切测试,该装置对剪切位移测量为30mm,初测精度为0.5mm,其对30mm位移传感转变成光栅波长变化量为1 200pm.该装置灵敏度高、稳定性好、测量范围大、线性好、结构简单,可用于滑坡以及野外岩土结构工程等进行长期有效的监测.

Er^(3+)-Yb^(3+)共掺DBR光纤激光器的实验研究

采用Er3+-Yb3+共掺单模光纤制作了DBR光纤激光器,有源光纤长度为10cm,光纤激光器为短腔结构。通过对不同前腔镜反射率的Er3+-Yb3+共掺DBR光纤激光器进行实验,得到了前腔镜反射率与激光器输出功率和阈值电流之间的关系,并对前腔镜反射率和有源光纤的长度的最优化选择进行了分析。

Application of fiber Bragg grating sensor network in aluminum reduction tank shell temperature monitoring

A fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor network was designed to implement the real-time health monitoring of the aluminum reduction cell. The heat transfer process was simulated using software ANSYS, and an on-line shell monitoring system was established based on optical sensing technology. According to aluminum reduction cell heat transfer theory, the 2D slice finite element model was developed. The relationship between shell temperature and cell status was discussed. Fiber Bragg grating （FBG） was chosen as the temperature sensor in light of its unique advantages. The accuracy of designed FBG temperature sensors exceeds 2 ~C, and good repeatability was exhibited. An interrogation system with 104 sensors based on VPG （volume phase grating） filter was established. Through the long-term monitoring on running state, the status of the aluminum reduction cell, including security and fatigue life could be acquired and estimated exactly. The obtained results provide the foundation for the production status monitoring and fault diagnosis. Long-term test results show good stability and repeatability which are compatible with electrolysis process.

Damage Monitoring in Composite Stiffened Skin Using Fiber Bragg Grating under Tensile and Three-Point Loading

One of the problems associated with loading a fully composite structure with joints is that the loads are not linear through the neutral axis of the structure but are collinear; this induces additional moment and creates a load in the normal direction, which is typically a critical load because it can create delamination and can only be withstood if it is small. Another problem is that the structure is difficult to inspect using conventional methods because of limited accessibility. With fiber Bragg grating （FBG）, the problem can potentially be solved in structures with a stiffness mismatch. The model used to represent the problem above is a composite stiffened skin with two loading cases： tensile and three-point bending. Additionally, FBG is used to monitor and characterize the delamination caused by both loading cases. Finite element modeling （FEM） with traction versus separation theory is performed to determine the critical area on the specimen for placement of the FBG before manufacturing and testing. In this research, FBG can successfully monitor and characterize delamination caused by both loading cases in structures that have mismatched stiffnesses. Also, FBG can predict the delamination growth quantitatively. A spectrum graph of the FBG results can be used to replace a conventional mechanical graph for use in structural health monitoring.

Experimental and theoretical analysis of fiber Bragg gratings under Transverse Force to a Small Grating Section

Fiber Bragg grating under transverse force on a small grating section is studied by numerical simulation and experimentation. A numerical simulation based on the transfer matrix method is used to calculate the consequent changes in reflected spectrum. The reflected spectra of the FBG subjected to the transverse force split into two main peaks, and the split point shifted linearly and periodically versus the applied force. The split point is shifted in the bandwidth with the period of 11N, and the sensitivity of the split point wavelength shift versus the applied force is 0.05 nm/N in one period. The experimental results show good agreement with the simulation analysis.

Simultaneous Strain and Temperature Measurement Using Single High-duty-cycle Sampled Fiber Bragg Grating

A novel and simple fiber grating sensor based on high-duty-cyclesample fiber bragg grating is proposed and demonstratedexperimentally. This type of sensor can measure strain andtemperature simultaneously with merits of low cost, high sensitivityand immunity to electro- magnetic interference. The sensor has anaccuracy of 20 με and 0.8 deg.C over a strain range of 500～1 500 με and a temperature range of 5～36 deg.C under experimentalconditions.

Evaluation of cable tension sensors of FAST reflector from the perspective of EMI

The active reflector of FAST （ five-hundred-meter aperture spherical radio telescope） is suppor- ted by a ring beam and a cable-net structure, in which nodes are actively controlled to form series of real-time paraboloids. To ensure the security and stability of the supporting structure, tension must be monitored for some typical cables. Considering the stringent requirements in accuracy and long- term stability, magnetic flux sensor, vibrating wire strain gauge and fiber bragg grating strain gauge are screened for the cable tension monitoring of the supporting cable-net. Specifically, receivers of radio telescopes have strict restriction on electro magnetic interference （EMI） or radio frequency in- terference （RFI）. These three types of sensors are evaluated from the view of EMIfRFI. Firstly, these fundamentals are theoretically analyzed. Secondly, typical sensor signals are collected in the time and analyzed in the frequency domain, which shows the characteristic in the frequency domain. Finally, typical sensors are tested in an anechoic chamber to get the EMI levels. Theoretical analysis shows that Fiber Bragg Grating strain gauge itself will not lead to EMI/RFI. According to GJB151 A, frequency domain analysis and test results show that for the vibrating wire strain gauge and magnetic flux sensor themselves, testable EMIfRF1 levels are typically below the background noise of the ane- choic chamber. FAST finally choses these three sensors as the monitoring sensors of its cable ten- sion. The proposed study is also a reference to the monitoring equipment selection of other radio tele- scopes and large structures.

Analysis of Sampled Fiber Bragg Grating Based on the Photonic Crystal Theory

One of the most basic characteristics of photonic crystal is frequency band gap. When defects are introduced into the periodic photonic crystal, a number of defect modes appear in the stop band. In this paper, we exploit transfer matrix method based on photonic crystal theory, and assume the sampled fiber Bragg grating as one-dimensional dual photonic crystal with a large size defect. Characteristics of the sampled fiber Bragg grating are analyzed. Experimental results show that the sampled fiber Bragg grating has many reflective peaks. Its reflectivity, center wavelength, reflective peak intervals and band width all change with the grating parameters, including grating length, duty ratio of the material with high dielectric constant, and index modulation depth and period. Results agree with the conventional couple mode theory which can be used when analyzing other characteristics of the sampled fiber Bragg grating or applying it into practice.

谐波分离和光束取样集成光学元件强激光近场调制及损伤特性研究

针对惯性约束聚变(ICF)终端光学系统对元件数量及厚度的限制,利用衍射光学元件(DOE)易于集成的优点,可将终端光学系统中实现不同功能的DOE元件集成于一体,以优化系统的结构和性能.为了对ICF终端光学系统集成光学元件在强激光条件下的正常运行提供分析的依据,采用傅里叶模式理论分别对色分离光栅(CSG)和色分离光栅-光束取样光栅(CSG-BSG)集成光学元件内部的近场调制特性进行了模拟计算.计算发现,将CSG与BSG集成以后其每一层的最大调制度比集成以前小10%—47%,但其激光诱导损伤风险和单个CSG一样仍然较多地存在于光学元件分界面附近.另外,通过对CSG和CSG-BSG集成光学元件出射面后1μm近场区域的光场分布和出射后0.001和0.8μm横截面光场分布情况进行的比较分析得出,集成光学元件在实现谐波分离和光束取样功能的同时,几乎没有改变出射光场分布的情况,能较好满足ICF驱动器的要求.

Subwavelength grating devices in silicon photonics

Subwavelength grating(SWG) waveguides in silicon-on-insulator are emerging as an enabling technology for implementing compact, high-performance photonic integrated devices and circuits for signal processing and sensing applications. We provide an overview of our recent work on developing wavelength selective SWG waveguide filters based on Bragg gratings and ring resonators, as well as optical delay lines. These components increase the SWG waveguide component toolbox and can be used to realize more complex photonic integrated circuits with enhanced or new functionality.

Review of Femtosecond Laser Fabricated Fiber Bragg Gratings for High Temperature Sensing

This paper reviews high temperature sensing applications based on fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by use of femtosecond laser. Type II fiber Bragg gratings fabricated in the silica fiber can sustain up to 1200 ℃ while that fabricated in the sapphire fiber have the good thermal stability up to 1745 ℃.

Parameters optimization of π-phase-shifted long-period fiber grating for gas sensing

The gas-sensitive film coated π-phase-shifted long-period fiber grating(LPFG),consisting of two same long-period fiber gratings cascaded by a regular fiber with length of half of the grating period,is proposed for gas sensing.The sensitivity of the sensor is defined by the change rate of the transmission at specific wavelength with respect to the film refractive index.The qualitative and numerical analyses show that to get a high sensitivity,the optimal coupling strength of each long-period fiber grating is √2 π/4.With this coupling strength,the longer the grating is,the higher sensitivity the sensor has.By choosing appropriate grating period,a high sensitivity for the film with a certain refractive index and thickness can be attained.

Fiber Bragg Grating （FBG） Sensors Used in Coal Mines

The fiber Bragg grating （FBG） strain sensors were used for on-line monitoring of the stress variation of the lined wall in the gateway retained along the goaf of No. 3203 coal mining face in Dongtan Mine. The results showed that the FBG strain sensor with the wide measuring range could measure the stress variation accurately during the support process of the gateway retained along the goaf and could provide the basis to further optimize the support structure and to determine the support plan of the gateway retained along the goaf. The FBG micro-seismic sensors were used in Xinglong Mine to detect the micro-seismic signal. The signals were well received and analyzed to determine the location and energy level of the source of the micro-seismic event warning. The FBG sensors and detecting system show a significant potential for micro-seismic detection and geological disasters detection.

Advances in Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Technologies

The authors review their recent advances in the development of optical fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor technologies. After a brief review of the fiber grating sensors, several newly developed FBG sensors are described. With the continuous development of fiber materials, microstructures and post-processing technologies, FBG sensors are still creative after the first demonstration of permanent gratings thirty years ago.

Aluminum Alloy Material Structure Impact Localization by Using FBG Sensors

The aluminum alloy structure impact localization system by using fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensors and impact localization algorithm was investigated. A four-FBG sensing network was established. And the power intensity demodulation method was initialized employing the narrow-band tunable laser. The wavelet transform was used to weaken the impact signal noise. And the impact signal time difference was extracted to build the time difference localization algorithm. At last, a fiber Bragg grating impact localization system was established and experimentally verified. The experimental results showed that in the aluminum alloy plate with the 500mm＊500mm＊2mm test area, the maximum and average impact abscissa localization errors were 11 mm and 6.25mm, and the maximum and average impact ordinate localization errors were 9 mm and 4.25 mm, respectively. The fiber Bragg grating sensors and demodulation system are feasible to realize the aviation aluminum alloy material structure impact localization. The research results provide a reliable method for the aluminum alloy material structure impact localization.

Fiber Laser Sensor Based on a Phase-Shifted Chirped Grating for Acoustic Sensing of Partial Discharges

Acoustic emission monitoring is often used in the diagnosis of electrical and mechanical incipient faults in the high voltage apparatus. Partial discharges are a major source of insulation failure in electric power transformers, and the differentiation from other sources of acoustic emission is of the utmost importance. This paper reports the development of a new sensor concept - a fiber laser sensor based on a phase-shifted chirped fiber grating - for the acoustic emission detection of incipient faults in oil-filled power transformers. These sensors can be placed in the inner surface of the transformer tank wall, not affecting the insulation integrity of the structure and improving fault detection and location. The performance of the sensing head is characterized and compared for different surrounding media： air, water, and oil. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of this sensing approach for the industrial development of practical solutions.

Design of high-sensitivity metal-coated LPFG sensor based on material dispersion

A high-sensitivity metal-coated long-period fiber grating(LPFG) sensor based on material dispersion is designed.Based on the coupled mode theory,the influence of the material dispersion on the dual-peak characteristics of the metal-coated LPFG is studied.After considering the material dispersion,the jumping region of the dual-resonant-wavelength shifts toward the thinner film thickness,and the sensitivity of the dual-peak metal-coated LPFG sensor to liquid refractive index(RI) can be obtained to supply accurate parameter combinations.Experimentally,two kinds of silver-coated LPFGs with different film thicknesses and grating periods are fabricated to monitor the salt solution,and the sensitivities of these two sensors are compared.The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analyses.

Characteristic analysis of a novel F-P interferometer based on a pair of FBGs with built-in LPFGs

The transmission characteristics of a Fabry-Perot （F-P） interferometer based on a fiber Bragg grating （FBG） pair with a built-in long-period fiber grating （LPFG） are theoretically analyzed, and the shift of transmission interference fringe as a function of environmental refractive index is acquired. The influence of the lengths of F-P cavity, LPFG and FBG on the transmission characteristics of the proposed interferometer has been numerieaUy investigated, and the simulation results indicate that the sensitivity of refractive index reaches 2.27 × 10-6 for an optical spectrum analyzer （OSA） with a resolution of 1 pm.