光溴化法合成对溴苄基溴的研究

以对溴甲苯为原料、四氯化碳为溶剂进行溶剂光溴化合成对溴苄基溴,考察了配比、反应时间对反应的影响,得出了最适宜的工艺条件:n(对溴甲苯)∶n(溴)=1∶0.98、反应时间5.5 h,并采用甲醇淋洗和乙醇重结晶的后处理方法处理反应产物,所得产品纯度99%,收率60%左右。

异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯无规共聚物可见光溴化反应的选择性

使用气相色谱仪对几种不同纯度的正己烷和环己烷进行了组分分析,并对包括2-甲基戊烷、3-甲基戊烷和甲基环戊烷在内的正己烷的主要支链型同分异构体成分,以及异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯无规共聚物中对甲基苯乙烯结构单元的模型分子对二甲苯和对二异丙苯在波长为365~840 nm的可见光照射下的光溴化反应进行了对比,筛选出可以有效避免溶剂发生光溴化副反应并提高目标光溴化反应选择性的可见光波长。此外,将异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯无规共聚物在质量分数为85.7400%~99.9600%的溶剂正己烷和环己烷中的光溴化反应的选择性进行了对比,并考察了除酸剂碳酸氢钠和反应温度对异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯无规共聚物在正己烷中光溴化反应的影响。结果表明,波长为595 nm和630 nm的可见光可作为异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯无规共聚物光溴化反应的光源,在质量分数为85%的工业正己烷中即可实现良好的光溴化反应,溴的有效利用率可达到70%~80%;碳酸氢钠作为酸蚀剂可以有效抑制异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯无规共聚物的凝胶化反应。此外,反应温度对光溴化反应有一定影响,当反应温度从5℃降至-20℃时,溴化反应速率降低了58.87%。

肉桂酸光溴化反应量子产率的测定

量子产率的测定在光化学实验中是一个基本的实验,该实验的关键在于光强标定。因此,建立迅速而准确的光强测定方法是很重要的。传统的化学露光计法(草酸亚铁铵法)步骤多,操作复杂。本文介绍了一种新的化学露光计法,可在2—4小时内完成溴-肉桂酸光加成反应的量子产率的测定实验。经实践证明,教学效果良好。

含活泼亚甲基多环芳烃与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺的光化学反应

The photochemical reactions of active methylene containing such as fluorene, diphenymethane(DPM), di(1 naphthyl)methane (DNM) and triphenymethane(TPM) with N bromosuccinimide (NBS) were investigated The results show that monobromo derivatives can be selectively obtained when the ratio of NBS to a substrate is 1 1∶1 and that the reactivities of the substrates toward photochemical reaction are DNM > Fluorene> DPM > TPM The reaction mechanisms were also

多环芳烃与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺的光化学反应

在可见光照射,苯为溶剂,氮气气氛中考察了数种多环芳烃与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺的反应。采用气相色谱跟踪了反应过程,解释了产物因结构而异的原因。结果表明:甲基芳烃仅得到单溴代产物,氢化芳烃主要生成脱氢产物,蒽全部转化为9,10-二溴代蒽。

应用ESR谱技术研究超声作用下1-氰基-2,3,5-三-β-D苯甲酰基呋喃核糖的溴化反应

在非水溶液中，以N-溴代丁二酰亚胺（NBS）为溴化剂，在四氯化碳溶液中对1-氰基-2，3，5-三-β-D苯甲酰基呋喃核糖进行声溴化和光溴化反应。

兽药噻苯咪唑中间体2-(二溴乙酰基)-苯并咪唑氢溴酸盐的合成

介绍了一种光照条件下制备2-(二溴乙酰基)-苯并咪唑氢溴酸盐的新方法。以2-乙酰基苯并咪唑和溴化钠为原料,在光照条件下用氯气置换出溴化钠中的溴素,合成兽药噻苯咪唑中间体-2-(二溴乙酰基)-苯并咪唑氢溴酸盐。该法与现采用的直接加溴素法比较,生产成本较低,操作方便,工业三废较少,收率可达91.8%,具有较大的工业应用价值。

4-甲酰苯磺酸的合成研究

4-甲基 -苯磺酸经光溴化、酸性水解 ,然后用双氧水氧化得到 4-甲酰苯磺酸 ,三步总收率为 47.9%。

Substrate-dependent photoreactivities of BiOBr nanoplates prepared at different pH values

In this study,we showed that BiO Br nanoplates prepared at different pH values have substratedependent photocatalytic activities under visible-light irradiation. The BiO Br nanoplates synthesized at pH 1（BOB-1） degraded salicylic acid more effectively than did those obtained at pH 3（BOB-3）,but the order of their photocatalytic activities in rhodamine B（RhB） degradation were reversed. Electrochemical Mott–Schottky and zeta-potential measurements showed that BOB-1 had a more positive valence band and lower surface charge,leading to superior photocatalytic activity in salicylic acid degradation under visible light. However,BOB-3 was more powerful in RhB degradation because larger numbers of superoxide radicals were generated via electron injection from the excited RhB to its more negative conduction band under visible-light irradiation; this was confirmed using active oxygen species measurements and electron spin resonance analysis. This study deepens our understanding of the origins of organic-pollutant-dependent photoreactivities of semiconductors,and will help in designing highly active photocatalysts for environmental remediation.

邻硝基苯甲醛合成新工艺

邻硝基苯甲醛是一种重要的精细化工中间体，广泛应用于合成药物，邻硝基苯乙烯类及邻硝基肉桂酸类系列产品。将其硝基还原成氨基后，所得到的邻氨基苯甲醛还可用于喹啉类化合物的合成。邻硝基苯甲醛的合成方法主要有两大类，一类是电化学合成法，另一类为化学合成法。电化学合成法离工业化还有相当长的距离；化学合成法有工艺路线长，操作难度高，收率低，对环境污染严重等缺点，现介绍以邻硝基甲苯（ONT）为起始原料，经光溴化，水解两步合成邻硝苯甲醛的新工艺，该工艺比现有工业生产方法好，具有较好的应用前景。

Photocatalytic degradation of dyes by AgBr/Ag_3PO_4 and the ecotoxicities of their degraded products

Ag3PO4 powders were prepared through a precipitation reaction between AgNO3 and precipitating agent solutions that were prepared by adjusting the amount of H3PO4 in the Na3PO4 solutions. The Ag3PO4 powders prepared from the precipitation solution with a pH of 6 showed the highest photocatalytic activity for decolorizing the methylene blue and rhodamine B dyes. These Ag3PO4 powders were further modified by the addition of KBr solutions to obtain AgBr/Ag3PO4 powders and these photocatalysts can decolorize the anionic dyes as reactive orange and methyl orange. The reactive species involved in the photocatalytic degradation process were evaluated for their inhibitory activity using the appropriate scavengers. After photocatalysis, mass spectrometry confirmed that the dyes were degraded to smaller molecules. The ecotoxicities of the dye solutions before and after treatment were evaluated by studying their ability to inhibit the growth of the bioindicator Chlorella vulgaris.

Aromatic bromination with hydrogen production on organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite‐based photocatalysts under visible light irradiation

Aromatic bromides are important chemicals in nature and chemical industries.However,their tra‐ditional synthesis routes suffer from low atomic economy and pollutant formation.Herein,we show that organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite methylammonium lead bromide(MAPbBr_(3))nanocrystals stabilized in aqueous HBr solution can achieve simultaneous aromatic bromination and hydrogen evolution using HBr as the bromine source under visible light irradiation.By hybridizing MAPbBr_(3) with Pt/Ta_(2)O_(5) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate as electron‐and hole‐transporting motifs,aromatic bromides were achieved from aromatic compounds with high yield(up to 99%)and selectivity(up to 99%)with the addition of N,N‐dimethylformamide or its analogs.The mechanistic studies revealed that the bromination proceeds via an electrophilic attack pathway and that HOBr may be the key intermediate in the bromination reaction.

Catalytic effects of trace ruthenium on oxidation of dimethyl yellow with bromate and its application

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of ruthenium(III) is described, based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation reaction of dimethyl yellow (DMY) with potassium bromate in an acid solution medium and in the presence of an OP emulsifier (p-iso-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol) at 100 °C. This reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance at 530 nm of the catalytic reaction of DMY. The calibration curve for the recommended method was linear in the concentration range over 0.0–1.0 μg/L and the detection limit of the method for Ru(III) was 0.01 μg/L. The method is highly sensitive, selective and very stable and has been successfully applied for the determination of trace amounts of ruthenium in some ores and metallurgy products with the relative standard deviations (RSD) over 1.6%–2.8% and a recovery over 98.7%–104.0%.

Systematical Study on Photodissociation Dynamics of BrCN from 225 nm to 260 nm

The photodissociation dynamics of Br-C bond cleavage for BrCN in the wavelength region from 225 nm to 260 nm has been studied by our homebuilt time-slice velocity-map imaging setup.The images for both of the ground state Br(^(2)P_(3/2))and spin-orbit excited Br^(*)(^(2)P_(1/2))channels are obtained at several photodissociation wavelengths.From the analysis of the translational energy release spectra,the detailed vibrational and rotational distributions of CN products have been measured for both of the Br and Br^(*) channels.It is found that the internal excitation of the CN products for the Br^(*) channel is colder than that for the Br channel.The most populated vibrational levels of the CN products are v=0 and 1 for the Br and Br^(*) channels,respectively.For the Br channel,the photodissociation dynamics at longer wavelengths are found to be different from those at shorter wavelengths,as revealed by their dramatically different vibrational and rotational excitations of the CN products.

锡的高灵敏显色反应－Sn（Ⅳ）－BDMAF－Tween－80－CPB体系

本文研究了在碱性介质中，锡（Ⅳ０－溴化二甲氨基苯基萤光酮（ＢＤＭＡＦ）－溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）－Ｔｗｅｅｎ－８０体系的高灵敏配合显色反应，反应的适宜酸度为１０．０—１１．５２，配合物的最大吸收在５６０ｎｍ表现。值为９．５×１０５１·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，锡含量在０．２－７．５μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内服从比耳定律，研究了外加离子的干扰拟定的方法可用于Ｐｈ（ＮＯ３）２中微量锡的测定．

Ultrasonic-assisted fabrication of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)/Bi_(2)WO_(6) S-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction under visible light

In this manuscript,Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)/Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanocomposites was fabricated via an ultrasonic-assisted process.The activity of the as-obtained Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)/Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanocomposites for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction was studied under visible light.The as-obtained Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)/Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanocomposites show a superior activity for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to produce CH4 and CO,with an optimum activity achieved over 0.5 Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)/Bi_(2)WO_(6).The obvious superior activity observed over Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)/Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanocomposites as compared with bare Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6) and bare Bi_(2)WO_(6) as well as a mechanical mixture of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6) and Bi_(2)WO_(6) can be owe to the fabrication of an efficient S-scheme heterojunction,which accelerates the separation of the photogenerated charge carriers in Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6) and Bi_(2)WO_(6) without sacrificing the high redox capability of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6) and Bi_(2)WO_(6).This work demonstrates that the coupling of two photocatalytic materials with staggered band alignment to form an S-scheme heterojunction is an effective strategy to develop efficient photocatalytic systems and also highlights the promising role of using lead free perovskites in photocatalysis.

A New Reaction for Kinetic Spetrophotometric Determination of Trace Ruthenium——Catalytic Oxidation of Methyl Green by Bromate

A sensitive catalytic spectrophotometric method for the determination of ruthenium （Ⅲ） has been developed, based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation reaction of methyl green with potassium bromate in acid solution medium at 100℃. The above reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance at 625 nm for the catalytic reaction of methyl green. The calibration curve for the recommended reaction-rate method was linear in the concentration range over 0.00-0.80 μg/L and the detection limit of the method for Ru （III） is 0.006 μg/L. Almost no foreign ions interfered in the determination at less than 25-fold concentration of Ru （Ⅲ）. The method is highly sensitive, more selective and very stable, and has been successfully applied for the determination of trace ruthenium in some ores and metallurgy products.

Triangular Halogen Bond and Hydrogen Bond Supramolecular Complex Consisting of Carbon Tetrabromide, Halide, and Solvent Molecule： A Theoretical and Spectroscopic Study

The theoretical calculation and spectroscopic experiments indicate a kind of triangular three bonding supramolecular complexes CBr4…X^-…-H-C, which consist of carbon tetrabromide, halide, and protic solvent molecule （referring to dichloromethane, chloroform and acetonitrile）, can be formed in solution. The strength of halogen and hydrogen bonds in the triangular complexes using halide as common acceptor obeys the order of iodide〉bromide〉chloride. The halogen and hydrogen bonds work weak-cooperatively. Charge transfer bands of halogen bonding complexes between CBra and halide are observed in UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy in three solvents, and then the stoichiometry of 1：1, formation constants K and molar extinction coefficients ε of the halogen bonding complexes are obtained by Benesi-Hildebrand method. The K and ε show a dependence on the solvent dielectric constant and, on the whole, obey an order of iodide〉bromide〉chloride in the same solvents. Furthermore, the C-H vibrational frequencies of solvent molecules vary obviously with the addition of halide, which indicates the C-H…X- interaction. The experimental data indicate that the halogen bond and hydrogen bond coexist by sharing a common halide acceptor as predicted by calculation.

Spectrophotometric Investigation of Complex Formation of Ge（IV） with Bis（2,3,4-Trigidroksifenilazo） Benzidine in the Presence of Cationic Surfactants Active Substances

It is investigated the interaction of Ge（IV） with bis（2,3,4-trigodroksifenolazo） benzidine （R） in the presence of KSAS （cationic surface active substances）-CPCl （cetylpyridinium chloride）, CPBr （cetylpyridinium bromide） and CTMABr （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide）. It is studied the effect pH, time on the formation of ternary complexes. It is determinated of molar absorption coefficients and stability constants of germanium. Binary （Ge-R） and triple （Ge-R-CPCI, Ge-R-CPBr, Ge-R-CTMaBr） complex form at pH 4 and pH 1, respectively. The composition proportion of binar system is 1：2 and the composition proportion triple complex is 1：1：2. The concentration interval of germanium which obeying beer low in the Ge-R 0.12-2.92 mkq/mL, in the Ge-R-CPCI is 0.04-1.46 mkq/mL, in the Ge-R-CPBr is 0.00-1.00 mkq/mL and in the Ge-R-CTMaBr is 0.00-1.00 mkq/mL. Molar absorbtivities of complexes are 45,000, 57,000, 59,000 and 60,000, respectively. The effect of interfering ions and masking agents has been learned. Stability constants of complexes have been determined： lgKl = 7.21 ＋ 0.06 （Ge-R）,＇ lgK1 = 12.08 _＋ 0.05 （Ge-R-CPCI）, lgK1 = 12.12 ＋ 0.07 （Ge-R-CPBr） and lgK1 = 12.85 ＋ 0.06 （Ge-R-CTMaBr）. It is developed highly selective method of photometric determination of trace amounts of Ge（IV） in petroleum coke.