This paper presents a fiber optic temperature measuring system used for measuring the temperature in many occasions. The system is of reflective type and composed of thermostatic bimetal plate, lever piston framewo...This paper presents a fiber optic temperature measuring system used for measuring the temperature in many occasions. The system is of reflective type and composed of thermostatic bimetal plate, lever piston framework, optical grating and optical fiber probes. When the temperature changes, the thermostatic bimetal plate deforms. Through lever piston framework, the optical grating produces displacement in the upright direction. Thus the change of the temperature is transformed into the upright displacement of the optical grating. Optical fiber probes are used for detecting the number of streak lines of the optical grating′s displacement depending on the change of temperature. The detected signal can be transmitted to the control center through optical fiber cable up to distance of 1 km. The measurable range of this system reaches 100℃ with accuracy of ±0.2℃.展开更多
Using viscose fiber (VF) as starting material and common steam as activating agent, formation of oxygen structures in activated carbon fiber is investigated. In the preparation of samples, VF was first heated at tempe...Using viscose fiber (VF) as starting material and common steam as activating agent, formation of oxygen structures in activated carbon fiber is investigated. In the preparation of samples, VF was first heated at temperatures between 450℃ and 900℃ in N_2 artmosphere. Then, in a successive activation stage, the product carbonized at 600℃ was activated in steam at 450-900℃ for 30 min, and at 600℃ for 5-30 min. The other carbonization products were activated at 600 and 900℃ for 30 min respectively. The products activated at 900℃ were then activated at 450℃ for 30 min again. The starting materiah carbonized products and all activation products were examined by FT-IR spectroscopy and some products were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). And the yields of the carbonized and activated products were calculated. By analysing these spectra, the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups of the activated products attained under various activation time, various activation temperature and various previous carbonization temperature was determined.展开更多
Solar evaporation has emerged as an attractive technology to produce freshwater by utilizing renewable solar energy.However,it remains a huge challenge to develop efficient solar steam generators with good flexibility...Solar evaporation has emerged as an attractive technology to produce freshwater by utilizing renewable solar energy.However,it remains a huge challenge to develop efficient solar steam generators with good flexibility,low cost and remarkable salt resistance.Herein,we prepare flexible,robust solar membranes by filtration of porous carbon and commercial paper pulp fiber.The porous carbon with well-defined structures is prepared through controlled carbonization of biomass/waste plastics by eutectic salts.We prove the synergistic effect of porous carbon and paper pulp fiber in boosting solar evaporation performance.Firstly,the porous carbon displays a high light absorption,while the paper pulp fiber with good hydrophilicity effectively promotes the transport of water.Secondly,the combination between porous carbon and paper pulp fiber reduces the water vaporization enthalpy by 20%,which is important to significantly improve the evaporation performance.As a proof of concept,the porous carbon/paper pulp fiber membrane possesses a high evaporation rate of 1.8 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 kW m^(-2)irradiation.Thirdly,the good flexibility and mechanical property of paper pulp fiber enable the solar membrane to work well under extreme conditions(e.g.,after 20 cycles of folding/stretching/recovery).Lastly,due to the super-hydrophilicity and superwetting,the hybrid membrane exhibits the exceptional salt resistance and long-term stability in continuous seawater desalination,e.g.,for 50 h.Importantly,a large-scale solar desalination device for outdoor experiments is developed to produce freshwater.Consequently,this work provides a new insight into developing advanced flexible solar evaporators with superb performance in seawater desalination.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a fiber optic temperature measuring system used for measuring the temperature in many occasions. The system is of reflective type and composed of thermostatic bimetal plate, lever piston framework, optical grating and optical fiber probes. When the temperature changes, the thermostatic bimetal plate deforms. Through lever piston framework, the optical grating produces displacement in the upright direction. Thus the change of the temperature is transformed into the upright displacement of the optical grating. Optical fiber probes are used for detecting the number of streak lines of the optical grating′s displacement depending on the change of temperature. The detected signal can be transmitted to the control center through optical fiber cable up to distance of 1 km. The measurable range of this system reaches 100℃ with accuracy of ±0.2℃.
文摘Using viscose fiber (VF) as starting material and common steam as activating agent, formation of oxygen structures in activated carbon fiber is investigated. In the preparation of samples, VF was first heated at temperatures between 450℃ and 900℃ in N_2 artmosphere. Then, in a successive activation stage, the product carbonized at 600℃ was activated in steam at 450-900℃ for 30 min, and at 600℃ for 5-30 min. The other carbonization products were activated at 600 and 900℃ for 30 min respectively. The products activated at 900℃ were then activated at 450℃ for 30 min again. The starting materiah carbonized products and all activation products were examined by FT-IR spectroscopy and some products were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). And the yields of the carbonized and activated products were calculated. By analysing these spectra, the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups of the activated products attained under various activation time, various activation temperature and various previous carbonization temperature was determined.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51903099 and 51991353)Huazhong University of Science and Technology(3004013134 and 2021XXJS036)+1 种基金the 100 Talents Program of the Hubei Provincial Governmentthe Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Device(B21003).
文摘Solar evaporation has emerged as an attractive technology to produce freshwater by utilizing renewable solar energy.However,it remains a huge challenge to develop efficient solar steam generators with good flexibility,low cost and remarkable salt resistance.Herein,we prepare flexible,robust solar membranes by filtration of porous carbon and commercial paper pulp fiber.The porous carbon with well-defined structures is prepared through controlled carbonization of biomass/waste plastics by eutectic salts.We prove the synergistic effect of porous carbon and paper pulp fiber in boosting solar evaporation performance.Firstly,the porous carbon displays a high light absorption,while the paper pulp fiber with good hydrophilicity effectively promotes the transport of water.Secondly,the combination between porous carbon and paper pulp fiber reduces the water vaporization enthalpy by 20%,which is important to significantly improve the evaporation performance.As a proof of concept,the porous carbon/paper pulp fiber membrane possesses a high evaporation rate of 1.8 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 kW m^(-2)irradiation.Thirdly,the good flexibility and mechanical property of paper pulp fiber enable the solar membrane to work well under extreme conditions(e.g.,after 20 cycles of folding/stretching/recovery).Lastly,due to the super-hydrophilicity and superwetting,the hybrid membrane exhibits the exceptional salt resistance and long-term stability in continuous seawater desalination,e.g.,for 50 h.Importantly,a large-scale solar desalination device for outdoor experiments is developed to produce freshwater.Consequently,this work provides a new insight into developing advanced flexible solar evaporators with superb performance in seawater desalination.
