泥碳基氮掺杂多孔炭用于光热辅助可见光光解水制氢

光催化析氢反应被认为是最有前途的制氢方法之一。炭材料是大规模、低成本光解水制氢的潜在催化材料,然而目前其光催化活性仍旧较低,还不足以满足实际应用要求。本文以廉价易得的泥炭为原料,通过与尿素共炭化制备了一种氮掺杂多孔炭,作为光热辅助可见光催化剂,利用炭材料优异的光热效应提高体系温度,进而提高光催化活性。在可见光照射下,这种泥碳基炭材料可使体系温度在15 min内从室温提高至55℃,光催化活性提高25%左右。系统考察了结晶度与氮掺杂含量对炭材料光催化性能的影响,发现在光热效应的促进下,N含量为4.88 at%且有适宜结晶度的炭材料表现出优异的光催化性能,析氢速率达到75.6μmol H_(2) g^(−1) h^(−1)。

Pd纳米盘的光热辅助合成及其对乙醇的电催化氧化

以氯化钯(Pd Cl2)为金属前驱体,乙醇为还原剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为稳定剂和导向剂,利用普通市售白炽灯产生的光热作用,辅助合成Pd纳米盘材料。用XRD、TEM、选区电子衍射(SAED)和UV等技术对合成产物进行表征,考察了CTAB用量对纳米Pd微观形貌和尺寸的影响,并通过循环伏安法研究了纳米Pd修饰玻碳电极对乙醇的电催化氧化活性。结果表明,通过改变Pd Cl2和CTAB的摩尔比,可以调控纳米Pd的微观形貌和尺寸;当Pd Cl2与CTAB的摩尔比为1:80,可见光辐照6 h时,得到的Pd纳米盘呈多边形貌,平均粒径为46 nm,对乙醇有较好的电催化活性和抗中毒能力。

Estimation of deformed laser heat sources and thermal analysis on laser assisted turning of square member

Laser assisted machining （LAM） has difficulties in estimating temperature after applying a LAM process due to its very small heat input area, large energy and movement. In particular, in the case of laser assisted turning （LAT） process, it is more difficult to estimate the temperature after preheating because it has a shape of ellipse when a laser heat source is rotated. A prediction method and thermal analysis method for heat source shapes were proposed as a square shaped member was preheated. The temperature distribution was calculated according to the rotation of the member. Compared with the results of the former study, the maximum temperature of the calculation results, 1 407.1 ℃, is 8.5 ℃ higher than that of the square member, which is 1 398.6 ℃. In a LAT process for a square member, the maximum temperature is 1 850.8 ℃. It is recognized that a laser power control process is required because square members show a maximum temperature that exceeds a melting temperature at around a vertex of the member according to the rotation.

Prediction of preheating conditions for inclined laser assisted machining

For laser assisted machining,shape of preheating laser heat source is changed irregularly because of complexity of material shape.So,the preheating temperature should be controlled by adjusting the feed rate or the laser power.Thermal analyses of the laser assisted machining process for inclination planes were performed.By analyzing the obtained temperature profile,a proper feed rate control method was proposed according to the inclination angles.In addition,the temperature distribution of the cross section after feed rate control was predicted.The correlation equation between inclination angles and adjusted proper feed rate was proposed.The results of this analysis can be used to predict the preheating effect on workpiece and can be applied as a preheating temperature control method in laser assisted machining processes.

Numerical study of thermal history in laser aided direct metal deposition process

Temperature evolution in the laser aided direct metal deposition (LADMD) process has considerable influence on the micro-structure and properties of the final part. A 3D transient finite element model was developed to study the temperature evolution during the multilayer LADMD process. To make the property analysis from thermal history easier, a critical temperature specific to thermal history was defined and the distribution of it in the part was also discussed. The simulation results indicated that the critical temperature can make the property analysis from thermal history easier. Thermal history of all the deposited materials was similar. It was also concluded that process parameters needed to be time-varying according to the real-time temperature field during the process.

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of cube-like Ag-Ag_2MoO_4 with visible-light photocatalytic activity

Cube-like Ag-Ag2MoO4 composite has been successfully prepared in the presence of PVP （potyvinylpyrrolidone） via a facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal process. Studies of its photocatalytic performance in the decomposition of RhB indicate that the cube-like Ag-Ag2MoO4 composite exhibits good catalytic activities under visible-light irradiation. The face that Ag pro- motes the absorption of visible light may be attributed to the surface plasmon resonance. Further XRD characterization after recycle photocatalytic tests confirms that partial Ag~ ions in Ag2MoO4 have been reduced to metallic Ag. Reaction temperature, reaction time and the amount of PVP have also been studied and found to play crucial roles in the formation of the cube-like microstructures.