持续高温强光照天气下臭氧污染特征精准提取研究

臭氧是现今大气环境中主要污染物质之一,其浓度超标会降低生态环境质量,威胁人类生命健康。调查研究结果显示,影响臭氧污染浓度的关键因素为温度与光照强度,故提出持续高温强光照天气下臭氧污染特征精准提取方法。深入分析持续高温强光照天气对臭氧污染浓度变化的影响,选取49i臭氧分析仪作为臭氧在线监测设备,获取初始臭氧污染监测信号。应用自适应滤波器去除臭氧污染监测信号的噪声,提升臭氧污染监测信号整体质量。计算监测信号对于臭氧污染特性显示的贡献度,以此为基础,判定并提取特征信号,从而实现了臭氧污染特征的精准提取。实验数据显示:应用该方法获得的臭氧污染特征精准提取结果与实际臭氧污染特征精准提取结果相同,充分证实了该方法的有效性。

天津市持续高温强光照天气下臭氧污染差异性

为了解天津市的O_(3)污染,本文选取2022年8月1~4日和9月8~10日2次典型持续高温强光照过程,基于O_(3)浓度、前体物浓度和组分以及气象要素的观测数据,利用数值模式分析技术和标记法源追踪技术,分析2次典型时段O_(3)关键影响因素和变化特点.结果表明:大气扩散条件差异对前体物和O_(3)生成潜势(OFP)的影响,是2次高温过程O_(3)浓度差异的关键影响因素,50.6%通风系数差异,137.5%的NO_(2)浓度差异和6.4%的OFP差异导致8月1~4日未形成O_(3)超标污染,而9月8~10日出现持续O_(3)轻至中度污染.观测和数值模式在O_(3)成因分析上显示出较好的一致性,与8月1~4日相比,9月8~10日白天净生成O_(3)多2.04μg/(m^(3)·h),夜间O_(3)净损耗少0.88μg/(m^(3)·h),导致2次过程O_(3)浓度存在显著差异;此外,夜间热力抬升减弱以后,低压系统相比高压系统,更易于近地面O_(3)浓度降低,是2次持续高温过程O_(3)浓度差异的辅助原因.从2次过程和2022年夏季O_(3)污染特征分析,2022年O_(3)生成潜势除了受温度、紫外辐射等光化学指标影响外,也极大的受到大气扩散条件对前体物影响的制约,高温强光照天气条件下,7~9月通风系数与O_(3)浓度相关系数达0.61.随着PM_(2.5)和O_(3)协同控制的持续开展,低风速、低混合层以及通风系数这些用于分析PM_(2.5)污染的大气扩散指标,在O_(3)预测和防控中指示性将明显增强.

基于SLIC方法的光照偏强农田图像分割研究

精准农业是未来农业发展的趋势,而农田图像分割是精准农业的前提与基础。针对光照偏强条件下农田图像高光点区域丢失植物绿色特征对图像分割质量的影响,以SLIC方法和YCrCb颜色空间中的Cg分量为基础,利用不同分类器实现光照偏强条件下农田图像分割的研究。首先采用SLIC对农田图像进行预处理,获取超像素模块;为避免植物叶面因光照偏强出现高光点区域丢失部分绿色特征,引入YCrCb颜色空间模型中的Cg分量和超绿颜色因子提取特征;为避免监督学习对训练样本要求高,采用半监督学习,将有标签样本和无标签样本进行混合;最后采用不同的分类器进行图像分割,并对实验结果采用混淆矩阵和Kappa系数进行评价。对比实验结果可得,采用距离判别法核函数为diagQuadratic的图像分割效果较其他方法较好,分割正确率较高。

一株野生茶树菇菌株鉴定及菌丝生物学特性初探

将野外采集的茶树菇进行分离提纯,得到纯培养物。为探究其是否为新菌种以及最适的培养条件,进行菌丝拮抗试验、菌株鉴定以及相关生物学特性研究。结果表明:拮抗试验确定其与茶树菇-5等菌株不同;经鉴定确定其为Agrocybe sp(.田头菇属),是潜在的新种,并命名为茶树菇-20;菌丝生物学特性试验确定茶树菇-20菌丝的最适生长温度为25~30℃,培养基最适含水量为60%左右,最适生长pH为6~7,最适光照强度为0 lx,最适培养基为PDA培养基和麦芽浸膏琼脂培养基。

非晶硅太阳电池在反偏压下的光照特性

研究了温度循环和在反偏压下强光照对非晶硅太阳电池性能的影响。电池在90℃,4.5V反偏压下,经550mW/cm^2 的卤钨灯光照后,短路电流增加.光致衰降减小,长波响应改善.用内电场的变化进行了解释.

甜樱桃花期日灼对产量的影响

本研究旨在精细分析花期日灼现象对甜樱桃产量的影响。通过在甜樱桃种植区进行实地观测、调查及收集气象数据,并利用SPSS软件进行相关性和线性回归分析,本研究探讨了甜樱桃产量与花期气象因素之间的关系。研究结果显示,甜樱桃产量与花期≤3℃的低温日数、≥30℃的高温日数以及高温期间的日照时数存在显著的负相关关系,其相关系数分别为-0.585、-0.369和-0.380,均通过了置信度为99%的显著性检验。这一发现表明,花期遭遇的低温和高温强光照(日灼)条件对甜樱桃的产量有显著影响。进一步的实地观测发现,高温强光照会导致甜樱桃的花柱干瘪,花粉活力下降,甚至产生空花药,这些问题会使得授粉过程变得困难或无法进行,进而影响最终的果品产量。本研究的结果为理解花期气象条件对甜樱桃产量的影响提供了科学依据,并对农业生产实践具有一定的指导意义。

光照对天蚕蛾产卵的影响

在天蚕蛾产卵期，采用10lx、15lx、20lx和25lx的光照度，调查雌蛾对产卵的影响，调查结果表明。20lx以上的光照度对雌蛾产卵有抑制作用，影响雌蛾正常产卵，但不影响孵化率。当光照度在15lx以下产卵时．48h内产卵率可达到70％以上。因此确认天蚕蛾产卵期光照度应在10～15lx的范围内。

强光手电照透定位技巧在小儿手足静脉留置针穿刺中的应用

目的探讨强光手电照透定位技巧在小儿手足静脉留置针穿刺中的应用效果。方法选取我科2014年10月—2015年9月住院需经手足静脉输液治疗行传统静脉穿刺失败的200例患儿作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组。观察组应用强光手电照透定位技术行手、足静脉留置针穿刺;对照组应用头皮静脉穿刺法行静脉留置针穿刺。观察并比较2组患儿静脉穿刺留置针一次性成功率及患儿家属的满意程度。结果观察组患儿静脉留置针穿刺一次性成功率为80%,高于对照组的30%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿家属满意程度达70%,显著高于对照组的30%(P<0.05)。结论利用强光手电照透定位行手足静脉留置针穿刺基本上可以一次性穿刺成功,减少多次穿刺对患儿造成的痛苦,提高临床静脉留置针穿刺的效率,故值得推广。

基于Gan-St-YOLOv5的复杂环境下的手势识别

在智能工业生产中的复杂环境下进行手势识别人机交互,手势特征受到局部遮挡、强光照、远距离小目标的影响,导致目标检测识别过程中识别出的手势特征减少,甚至分类错误.在复杂环境下提高手势识别精准度成为人机交互任务中亟需解决的问题.本文提出一种具有创新性的Gan-St-YOLOv5模型,在YOLOv5的基础上生成对抗网络(generative adversarial network,GAN)和Swin Transformer模块,融入SENet通道注意力机制,使用Confluence检测框选取算法,增强模型检测的准确度.为了验证模型的优越性,与YOLOv5模型进行对比,得出Gan-St-YOLOv5在完全可见测试集上mAP_0.5高达96.1%,在强光照测试集上mAP_0.5高达92.3%,在部分遮挡测试集上mAP_0.5高达86.6%,在远距离小目标测试集上准确度高达96.4%,均优于YOLOv5目标检测算法,以较小的效率损失取得了较高精度.

Ecological adaptation of Eupatorium adenophorum populations to light intensity

Eupatorium adenophorum is one of main invasive plants in China and has caused great economic losses. A study was conducted to determine the biomass allocation, leaf morphology and growth response of E. adenophorum seedlings that grew under five different intensities （relative irradiances RI 10%, 20 %, 30%, 55%, 100%） for 14 months. Results reveal that the species shows typical leaf morphological adaptation to different light conditions. The total biomass of seedlings increased with the increase of light intensity from 10% to 55% RI but decreased at RI 100% （full sunlight）. Height growth increased with the increase of light intensity from 10% to 30% RI but decreased when light intensity was over 30% RI. At low light levels, plants enhanced light availability by means of increasing biomass allocation to leaves and formation of larger, thinner leaves with high specific leaf area （SLA）, leading to a high leaf area ratio （LAR） and high stem strips length （SSL）. The mean relative growth rate （RGR） of the plant increased with the light intensity increase and attained the maximum at 55% RI. The growth of seedlings at 30%-55% RI was much better than that at full light condition. This might be an adaptive strategy that supports the vigorous invasiveness of this species, because a high-shaded canopy could prevent other plant species from surviving and growing. This study indicates that E. adenophorum could adapt to different light conditions, especially to low light habit. This can explain its greater invasiveness.

Intraclonal Resource Sharing and Functional Specialization of Ramets in Response to Resource Heterogeneity in Three Stoloniferous Herbs

Environments with reciprocal patchiness of resources, in which the availability of two resources such as light and soil nutrients are patchily distributed in horizontal space and negatively correlated in each patch, are common in many ecosystems. The strategies by which clonal plants adapt to this type of heterogeneous environment were examined in three stoloniferous herbs,Potentilla reptans L. var. sericophylla Franch., P. anserina L. and Halerpestes ruthenica (Jacq.) Qvcz., commonly inhabiting forest understories, grasslands and low saline meadows, respectively. As pairs of connected ramets were subjected to reciprocal patchiness of light and nutrients, stolon connection between the two ramets significantly enhanced biomass of both ramet growing in low light intensity but high soil nutrient condition (LH ramet) and ramet growing in high light intensity but low soil nutrient condition (HL ramet) as well as whole ramet pairs (consisting of LH ramets and HL ramets). Additionally, stolon connection greatly increased root/shoot ratio of LH ramet while significantly decreased that of HL ramet. The results indicate that a reciprocal transportation of resources between interconnected ramets and a functional specialization of ramets in uptake of abundant resources occurred. By resource sharing and functional specialization, clonal plants can efficiently acquire locally abundant resources and buffer the stress caused by reciprocal patchiness of resources.

黄芩苷镁盐的稳定性研究

目的:研究黄芩苷镁盐的稳定性。方法:考察黄芩苷镁盐在高温(60℃)、高湿(相对湿度90%)、强光照(4 000 lx)及不同温度(20、37、50、60℃)、不同p H(6.80、5.70、4.60、4.30、3.90、3.60、3.20)条件下的稳定性,采用高效液相色谱法测定药物含量。结果:高湿试验表明黄芩苷镁盐在第5天的质量增加了(6.17±0.12)%,第10天质量增加了(6.92±0.05)%。高温、高湿和强光照试验中药物含量在第10天分别为(94.78±0.12)%、(94.79±0.20)%、(94.66±0.15)%(n=3)。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 6.80)中,仅当温度低于20℃时,黄芩苷镁盐稳定;在纯水(pH 6.76)中,37℃时黄芩苷镁盐稳定性良好。pH稳定性试验表明pH值为4.30时黄芩苷镁盐最稳定。结论:黄芩苷镁盐有一定程度的吸湿性,强光照对其稳定性的影响较高温与高湿更大,其在纯水中的稳定性优于在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,且在弱酸性条件下较稳定。

Germination Characteristics and Secondary Metabolism Regulation of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Seeds under Different Light Intensities

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the primary and secondary metabolisms during the germination of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi seeds under different light intensities. [Method] The activities of CHL, soluble sugar, PAL, C4H and CHS were determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The secondary metabolites were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography （HPLC）. [Result] The results indicate that the germination of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi seeds is not sensitive to light and the seedlings were very sensitive to light. The CHL, soluble sugar, PAL, C4H and CHS continuously increased with light intensity. The content of secondary metabolites also increased. [Conclusion] Light increased the formation of leaf photosynthetic pigment, thereby affecting the primary metabolites. The activities of PAL, C4H and CHS significantly increased with the development of light intensity. Finally the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants increased sharply. Therefore, the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi materials can be improved by increasing the light intensity moderately.

Optimal Light Intensity and Nitrogen-to-Phosphorus Ratio for Growth of Nitzschia capitellata Hust.

Objective] The aim was to explore the potential of Nitzschia capitel ata as excel ent baits and bioenergy, and the optimal light intensity and nitrogen-to-phos-phorus （N/P） ratio suitable for its growth were researched as wel . [Method] With light intensity gradient set, Nitzschia capitel ata was cultured with the same nutrients at （25 ±1） ℃ and light cycle at 12 h/d to select optimal light intensity. Then, Nitzschia capitel ata was cultured with the same condition, and nitrogen-to-phospho-rus ratios at 5∶1, 6∶1, 7∶1 and 8∶1. [Result] With light intensity at 3 000 lx, specific growth rate and standing stock achieved the highest at 0.51 d-1 and 7.97×104 cel s/ml. The growth condition with nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio at 6∶1 was the most suitable for Nitzschia capitel ata growth. [Conclusion] The optimal light intensity and nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio were 3 000 lx and 6∶1, respectively, for Nitzschia capitel ata.

Effect Research of Immobilized Algae-bacteria Removal Ammonia Nitrogen of Aquaculture Wastewater and Proposed Model

Applied Immobilized algae bacteria (ABI) to remove ammonia of freshwater aquaculture wastewater. Temperature (T),PH,light intensity (I),dissolved oxygen (DO) and filling rate five factors plays important role in the process of ammonia nitrogen removal ,related data between ammonia removal and five factors was received through multi-factor orthogonal test,and established relations model between the five factor and nitrogen removal. The results show that five-factors had significant effect on AR,and the best combinations for removing AR was temperature 30 ℃,pH=7.0,light intensity 6 000 lux,dissolved oxygen 5.0 mg/L and the fill rate 10%. According to the experimental data,equation model was proposed and coefficient of determination R2 =0.864 8,P<0.05. Samples T-test was done between the model predictions and the actual measured values.Test results showed that the significant difference of overall mean value sig. (2-tailed) was 0.978 (P>0.05),it Shows that had no significant difference between model predictions and the actual measured value,and model had a high degree of fitting.

环境照度对微光夜视仪器的影响

文中计算了微光夜视仪的最佳工作照度范围为10-2～11x;以一代微光夜视仪为例,估算了强光照度下对寿命的影响。

Effects of Light Intensity on Growth, Development and Formation on Fagopyrum cymosum

Effects of light intensity on growth, development and formation on Fagopy- rum cymosum were explored with natural light intensities at 100%（A）, 85.2%（B）, 75.8%（C） and 59.7%（D）. The results showed that the decline of light intensity re- duced nutrient growth period, so that plant growth stage entered in advance and extended, which indicated that the decline of light intensity would lower leaf number and area, the number of twigs from the stem, as well as photosynthate. Further- more, the reduction degree increased upon light intensity decrease degree, and the proper shading improved stem height and leaf area enhanced before growth term.

复方立达霉粉的稳定性研究

【目的】探讨复方立达霉粉的稳定性,为其配方改善和保存条件提供理论依据。【方法】依据《中华人民共和国药典(二部)》的有关规定对复方立达霉粉进行高温、强光照、高湿等稳定性试验和破坏性试验,采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)定量分析复方立达霉粉有效成分。【结果】复方立达霉粉在高温条件(60℃)下放置5和10 d后,其有效成分含量分别下降1.88%和4.12%。样品在强光照条件(4500±500 lx)下放置5和10 d后,其有效成分含量分别下降0.34%和1.27%。样品在相对湿度92.5%的条件下放置10 d,其性状由微黄色粉末变为深黄色且结块,有效成分含量下降4.49%,吸湿增重率达6.60%;在相对湿度75.0%的条件下放置10 d,复方立达霉粉样品性状无明显变化,各项指标均符合《中华人民共和国药典(二部)》的相关规定。【结论】复方立达霉粉对热较敏感,对光不敏感,容易吸潮,有一定的引湿性,因此在实际生产中,复方立达霉粉应密闭储存于阴凉通风干燥处,远离热源、火源,贮运过程中要防止受潮受热。

注射用阿莫西林钠克拉维酸钾稳定性影响因素的研究

目的考察注射用阿莫西林钠克拉维酸钾的稳定性,为其生产、包装、贮存和运输条件提供依据。方法用高效液相色谱法考察注射用阿莫西林钠克拉维酸钾含量及有关物质在高温、高湿、强光照的影响下随时间变化的规律,并观察其外观和pH值。结果高温、高湿和强光照对注射用阿莫西林钠克拉维酸钾均有影响,其中以高温的影响最为显著。结论注射用阿莫西林钠克拉维酸钾在生产,贮存和运输过程中,应当避免高温、高湿和强光照,将其存放于阴凉干燥处,并遮光密封。