Recent results for side-on ignition of uncompressed proton-boron （HB 11） fusion that use the Chu-Bobin side-on ignition with petawatt-picosecond laser pulses is extended to the reaction of helium 3-helium 3 （He3）....Recent results for side-on ignition of uncompressed proton-boron （HB 11） fusion that use the Chu-Bobin side-on ignition with petawatt-picosecond laser pulses is extended to the reaction of helium 3-helium 3 （He3）. The HBll reaction resulted in radioactivity is lower values than from burning coal per generated energy. This was based on the very rare experiments with extreme suppression ofpre-pulses in order to suppress relativistic self-focusing. Subsequently, acceleration of highly directed plasma blocks of modest temperature and ultra-high ion current densities above 10H Amps/cm2 were measured in agreement with earlier derived theory. This permits the conditions of the Chu-Bobin for side-on ignition of solid density fusion. Results for similar neutron lean He3 are reported. A detailed comparison with the usual spherical laser compression and ignition of fusion is given for clarifying the basic differences of the ignition process.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary experimental analysis results carried out on the commercial internal combustion engine set in a CHP （combined heat and power） mode, fueled by renewable hydrogen an...The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary experimental analysis results carried out on the commercial internal combustion engine set in a CHP （combined heat and power） mode, fueled by renewable hydrogen and methane mixtures. The hydrogen is produced by an alkaline electrolyser fed by a 5.8 kWp grid connected PV （photovoltaic） plant. The acceptance test conducted with hydrogen percentages ranging from 0%-10% has been carried out at partial load： 45 kW^l instead of the full power of 60 kWe~. In order to evaluate the CHP energy consumption and environmental performance （NOx and CO）, the analysis was conducted for 240 h, using a portable flue gas analyser and two mass flow meters for hydrogen and methane. Without engine parameters optimization--relative equivalence ratio （2） and spark advance--increasing hydrogen addition rate, a slight enhancement in electrical efficiency occurs. Furthermore, due to the engine control system and lower blends LHV （lower heating value）, the methane consumption decreases disproportionately to the hydrogen amount in the mixture. Finally, referring to standard operating condition, the environmental results show that using enrichment of 10%, running the engine with 18 degrees spark advance and 2 of 1.4, CO and NOx emissions are reduced by 6.3% and 27% respectively.展开更多
文摘Recent results for side-on ignition of uncompressed proton-boron （HB 11） fusion that use the Chu-Bobin side-on ignition with petawatt-picosecond laser pulses is extended to the reaction of helium 3-helium 3 （He3）. The HBll reaction resulted in radioactivity is lower values than from burning coal per generated energy. This was based on the very rare experiments with extreme suppression ofpre-pulses in order to suppress relativistic self-focusing. Subsequently, acceleration of highly directed plasma blocks of modest temperature and ultra-high ion current densities above 10H Amps/cm2 were measured in agreement with earlier derived theory. This permits the conditions of the Chu-Bobin for side-on ignition of solid density fusion. Results for similar neutron lean He3 are reported. A detailed comparison with the usual spherical laser compression and ignition of fusion is given for clarifying the basic differences of the ignition process.
文摘The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary experimental analysis results carried out on the commercial internal combustion engine set in a CHP （combined heat and power） mode, fueled by renewable hydrogen and methane mixtures. The hydrogen is produced by an alkaline electrolyser fed by a 5.8 kWp grid connected PV （photovoltaic） plant. The acceptance test conducted with hydrogen percentages ranging from 0%-10% has been carried out at partial load： 45 kW^l instead of the full power of 60 kWe~. In order to evaluate the CHP energy consumption and environmental performance （NOx and CO）, the analysis was conducted for 240 h, using a portable flue gas analyser and two mass flow meters for hydrogen and methane. Without engine parameters optimization--relative equivalence ratio （2） and spark advance--increasing hydrogen addition rate, a slight enhancement in electrical efficiency occurs. Furthermore, due to the engine control system and lower blends LHV （lower heating value）, the methane consumption decreases disproportionately to the hydrogen amount in the mixture. Finally, referring to standard operating condition, the environmental results show that using enrichment of 10%, running the engine with 18 degrees spark advance and 2 of 1.4, CO and NOx emissions are reduced by 6.3% and 27% respectively.
