皮肤外科系列讲座(十三)——皮肤外科领域的激光、强光、射频治疗及其他光疗技术

激光等一系列光疗技术在皮肤科领域的应用是皮肤外科治疗手段的重大突破,它不仅标志着皮肤外科从普通手术进入到微创时代,而且把皮肤科与医疗美容更紧密的结合在了一起,大大拓展了皮肤科医师的医疗范围。

激光/光疗瘢痕治疗专栏

由于瘢痕病因及发病机制复杂,至今为止没有确切的根治方法,因而对于瘢痕的治疗不仅方法多样,而且是美容、整形、烧伤外科及皮肤科的重要研究方向之一。随着激光及光疗技术的发展,因其创伤相对小且具有功能改善和美容修复的双重意义,从而成为相关科室用以治疗瘢痕的重要手段。但各方面对其疗效的报道莫衷一是,为此,我们特邀湖南师范大学教授、

竹红菌素作为激发态氧分子的光敏剂的研究

竹红菌素作为激发态氧分子的光敏剂的研究陈彬安静仪张曼华王波杰（中国科学院感光化学研究所，北京１００１０１）关键词竹红菌素，激发态氧分子，光敏剂近年来，竹红菌素（ＨｙｐｏｃｒｅｌｉｎＡａｎｄＢ，简称ＨＡ和ＨＢ）及其衍生物在光疗技术上的应用，尤其是...

Determination of optical properties of normal and adenomatous human colon tissues in vitro using integrating sphere techniques

AIM: The purpose of the present study is to compare the optical properties of normal human colon mucosa/submucosa and muscle layer/chorion, and adenomatous human colon mucosa/submucosa and muscle layer/chorion in vitro at 476.5, 488, 496.5, 514.5 and 532 nm. We believe these differences in optical properties should help differential diagnosis of human colon tissues by using optical methods.METHODS: In vitro optical properties were investigated for four kinds of tissues: normal human colon mucosa/submucosa and muscle layer/chorion, and adenomatous human colon mucosa/submucosa and muscle layer/chorion. Tissue samples were taken from 13 human colons (13 adenomatous, 13 normal). From the normal human colons a total of 26 tissue samples, with a mean thickness of 0.40 mm, were used (13 from mucosa/submucosa and 13 from muscle layer/chorion), and from the adenomatous human bladders a total of 26 tissue samples, with a mean thickness of 0.40 mm, were used (13 from mucosa/submucosa and 13 from muscle layer/chorion). The measurements were performed using a double-integratingsphere setup and the optical properties were assessed from these measurements using the adding-doubling method that was considered reliable.RESULTS: The results of measurement showed that there were significant differences in the absorption coefficients and scattering coefficients between normal and adenomatous human colon mucosa/submucosa at the same wavelength,and there were also significant differences in the two optical parameters between both colon muscle layer/chorion at the same wavelength. And there were large differences in the anisotropy factors between both colon mucosa/submucosa at the same wavelength, there were also large differences in the anisotropy factors between both colon muscle layer/chorion at the same wavelength.There were large differences in the value ranges of the absorption coefficients, scattering coefficients and anisotropy factors between both colon mucosa/submucosa,and there were also large differences in these value ranges between both colon muscle layer/chorion. There are the same orders of magnitude in the absorption coefficients for four kinds of colon tissues. The scattering coefficients of these tissues exceed the absorption coefficients by at least two orders of magnitude.CONCLUSION: There were large differences in the three optical parameters between normal and adenomatous human colon mucosa/submucosa at the same laser wavelength, and there were also large differences in these parameters between both colon muscle layer/chorion at the same laser wavelength. Large differences in optical parameters indicate that there were large differences in compositions and structures between both colon mucosa/submucosa, and between both colon muscle layer/chorion.Optical parameters for four kinds of colon tissues are wavelength dependent, and these differences would be useful and helpful in clinical applications of laser and tumors photodynamic therapy (PDT).

HER-2 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of the breast cancers

Objective:The aim of this study was to study changes of HER-2 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the breast cancer cases.Methods:One hundred and thirty-seven female patients with primary breast cancers,who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy,underwent core needle puncture and Mammotome biopsy before chemotherapy,and the biopsy results were used as the basis of histological diagnosis,fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to test HER2 status of tumor tissues before and after chemotherapy.All patients underwent FEC,TE,or AC neoadjuvant chemotherapy of 2-6 cycles before surgery.Results:Twenty-two patients were positive according to FISH test among 137 preoperative patients,8 patients achieved pathological complete remission after chemotherapy (three HER-2 positive patients and five negative patients),91 patients achieved partial remission,24 patients were stable,and 14 cases were invalid.Twenty-two patients were positive according to FISH test (8 patients with pathological complete remission did not undergo test),and positive patients still expressed positively after chemotherapy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Three negative patients were converted to be positive,and changes before and after chemotherapy had no statistical difference (P>0.05).Conclusion:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy makes no influence on patients with HER-2 positive expression,while patients with negative expression can be converted to be positive,but without significant difference.

Chahine algorithm to invert light scattering spectroscopy of epithelial dysplasia

To perceive the epithelial dysplasia from the light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) is an inverse problem, which can be transformed into the inversion of the size distribution of epithelial-cell nuclei. Based on the simulation of single polarized LSS for epithelial-cell nuclei, Chahine algorithm is adopted to retrieve the size distribution. Numerical results show that Chahine algorithm has high inversion precision for both single-peaked and bimodal models, which implies the potential to increase diagnostic resolution of LSS.

他卡西醇联合高能中波紫外线治疗斑块状银屑病的对照研究

窄谱中波紫外线（NB—UVB）是治疗银屑病有效方法之一，研究表明，NB—UVB光疗联合他卡西醇能增强其疗效，具有明显的治疗优势。随着光疗技术的发展，局部高能UVB光疗给顽固性银屑病的治疗提供了更为安全有效的方法。2008年1～3月，我们采用他卡西醇联合高能UVB（304nm）治疗斑块状银屑病30例，取得较满意的疗效。