一种基于遗传优化的BP神经网络的测光红移估计算法

除了星系的光谱红移之外,星系测光红移的估计也对研究宇宙大尺度结构及演变有着重要的研究意义。利用斯隆巡天项目最新发布的SDSS DR13的150 000个星系的测光及光谱数据,在红移值Z<0.8范围内,先使用SOM自组织神经网络对星系样本进行早型星系和晚型星系的聚类,然后用遗传算法优化后的BP神经网络对星系的测光红移进行估算。估算结果与作为标准的已知星系光谱红移进行比对,早型星系的红移估计最小均方误差约为0.001 3,晚型星系最小均方误差约为0.001 7。实验结果表明,遗传优化的BP算法在精度上优于BP神经网络算法,且效率上优于K近邻、核回归等传统测光红移估计算法。

基于主成分分析的测光红移方法

通过对最新的合成星系光谱库GALAEV进行主成分分析(principle component analysis,PCA),发现该光谱库所包含的信息可以充分压缩为3个本征谱,用其可精确地重构真实星系的谱能量分布.结果显示,用PCA得到的3个本征谱可作为模板估计星系的测光红移.我们使用BATC15色测光系统,用合成与真实星系测试了用这一套模板决定的测光红移精度,结果显示对于测光误差约为σm=0.05mag时,测光红移测量误差大约为zσ=0.013,错误率约为0.12%;当红移低于z=1.20时,测量的误差为zσ=0.012,而错误率为0.与传统方法相比,基于PCA的测光红移方法需要的模板谱数量少、运算速度快、测量的准确度较高.利用该方法可以通过对各种测光系统及其组合进行测试,选用尽可能少的中带滤光片,结合宽带测光,在保证科学目标要求的测光红移精度前提下,可最大限度地减少望远镜的观测时间.

基于Hadoop的数据挖掘技术在测光红移上的研究

天文数据量以指数量级快速增长,使得天文数据挖掘面临前所未有的挑战。分布式集群技术和云计算平台的飞速发展,为海量数据处理和分析提供了新的研究思路和方法。其中基于内存计算的Hadoop分布式集群技术更是异军突起,并在迭代式机器学习和交互式数据挖掘应用等方面表现出明显的优势。基于最新释放的斯隆数字巡天测光数据集研究基于Hadoop平台的数据挖掘技术在海量天文巡天数据上的适用性和应用问题,为海量天文数据挖掘提供了新的手段和方法。

测光红移算法概述

随着大规模多色巡天项目的完成,测光红移已被视为研究宇宙大尺度结构以及星系形成和演化的有效工具。该文介绍了测光红移的背景、现状、算法及其在天文学中的应用。综述了九种较为常用的估测测光红移的算法,包括HyperZ、颜色-星等-红移关系法(CMR)、多项式回归、基于Kd树的多项式回归、贝叶斯方法、支持向量机(SVMs)、人工神经网络(ANNs)、最近邻或K近邻方法和核回归等。着重讨论和比较了这些算法的效果和性能,同时也对它们的优缺点进行了阐述,并对未来的测光红移算法研究进行了展望。

基于粒子群优化算法的测光红移回归预测

星系的红移在天文研究中极其重要,星系测光红移的预测对研究宇宙大尺度结构及演变有着重要的研究意义。利用斯隆巡天项目发布的SDSSDR13的150000个星系的测光及光谱数据进行分析,首先根据颜色特征并基于聚类的方法对星系进行分类,由分类结果可知早型星系的占比较大。对比了三种不同的机器学习算法对早型星系进行测光红移回归预测实验,并找出最优的方法。实验中将星系样本中u,g,r,i,z五个波段的测光值以及两两做差得到的10个颜色特征作为输入数据,首先构建BP网络,使用BP算法对星系的测光红移进行回归预测;然后利用遗传算法(GA)优化BP网络各层参数,将优化后的GA-BP算法应用于早型星系的回归预测试验中。考虑到GA算法的复杂操作会影响预测效率,并且粒子群算法(PSO)不仅稳定性高且操作简单,因此将粒子群算法应用到星系样本中早型星系的测光红移回归预测实验中,进而采用粒子群算法优化BP网络(PSO-BP)。实验中将光谱红移作为期望值,采用均方差(MSE)作为误差分析指标来评判三种算法的精度,将PSO-BP回归预测结果与BP网络模型、GA-BP网络模型进行比较。由实验结果可知,BP网络的MSE值为0.00192,GA-BP网络的MSE值0.001728,PSO-BP网络的MSE值为0.001708。实验结果表明,所用到的PSO-BP优化模型在精度上优于BP神经网络模型和GA-BP神经网络模型,分别提高了11.1%和1.2%;在效率上优于传统的K近邻(KNN)测光红移估计算法,克服了KNN算法中遍历所有数据样本进行训练的缺点并且其泛化性能优于其它BP网络优化模型。

多普勒效应及其应用

我国基础教育课程改革的目标中有:"加强课程内容与学生生活以及现代社会科技发展的联系,关注学生的学习兴趣……培养学生收集信息和处理信息的能力……"[1]一项.多普勒效应(Dpller effect)伴随着新课程的改革第一次进入浙江省中学物理课本,它在生活中和科学中有着广泛的应用.这节内容的增加,改变了过去教材的不足,在过去的教材中,学生只学习了波源与观察者或相对介质静止不动时的情景,对警车向观察者驶来或离开时汽笛音调的变化无法解释,所学知识与常见的现象相脱节,不利于学生的情感态度与价值观的培养.对于初次使用新教材的教师来说,也许对此内容有些生疏,下面对多普勒效应作一些粗略的介绍,原与各位同行共同探讨.

Production of Transgenic Pig Clone Embryo Expressed the Red Fluorescent Protein by Using the Somatic Cell Nucleus Transplantation Technology

[Objective] The research aimed to lay the foundation for producing the transgenic clone pig.[Method] The pig fetus fibroblast with the red fluorescent protein（RFP）gene that was transfected by the retrovirus was as the donor of nucleus transplantation.By using the somatic cell cloning technology,the development situation in vitro of clone embryo with RFP was studied.[Result] The fusion rate of RFP transgenic cell was 83.87% which had no significant difference with 80.56% of non-transgenic cell（P0.05）.The blastula rate in vitro of RFP transgenic somatic cell reconstructed embryo was 8.67% which had no significant difference with 6.56% of non-transgenic cell（P0.05）.After the reconstructed embryo of RFP transgenic somatic cell was transplanted into fifteen receptors,there was no conception individual.[Conclusion] The transgenic cell with the red fluorescent protein as the donor could successfully clone the transgenic embryo and obtain the transgenic blastula.

Thickness Dependent Behavior of Photoluminescence of Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)Aluminum Film

In situ thickness dependent photoluminescence （PL） measurements of tris（8-hydroxyquinoline） aluminum（Alq3） film were performed. At the beginning of Alq3 deposition on the glass substrate, the Alq3 emission showed a sharp red-shift. Further deposition of Alq3 resulted slight red-shift, and finally tended to saturated value. The total red-shift of about 12 nm was observed for the Alq3 film thickness range from 2 to 500 nm.This red-shift was attributed to the change from the 2D to 3D exciton state with increasing Alq3 film thickness. Meanwhile, the PL intensity of Alq3 emission increased continuously, and showed a rate change at the initial deposition of Alq3 due to non-rediative decay of excitons arised from the interaction between excitons and the substrate, and finally tended to saturation with the Alq3 thickness.

Effect of Energy Transfer on UV Spectra of “H-shaped” Azobenzene Derivatives

A series of “H-shaped” organic dimers （azobenzene derivatives） exhibit linear absorption red shift compared with their corresponding monomers experimentally. Dipolar interaction model is not appropriate for the azobenzene derivatives due to the small distance between two “D-π-A” chains. Energy transfer model is suggested for explanation of the absorption red shift. Two necessary conditions for energy transfer were verified. In addition, bi-exponential florescence-delay behavior of the dimer as well as Bella＇s quantum chemistry calculation shows evidence of energy transfer.

Chemical Reaction and Energy Transfer Between Hot H Atoms and CO2 Molecules

Collisions between hot H atoms and CO2 molecules were studied experimentally by time resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy. H atoms with three translational energies, 174.7, 241.0 and 306.2 k J/mol respectively, were generated by UV laser photolysis to initiate a chemical reaction of H＋CO2→OH＋CO. Vibrationally excited CO （v≤2） was observed in the spectrum, where CO was the product of the reaction. The highly efficient T-V energy transfer fro,n the hot H atoms to the CO2 was verified too. The highest vibrational level of v=4 in CO2 （va） was found. Rate ratio of the chemical reaction to the energy transfer was estimated as 10.

The redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines and the motion of mass-points in gravitational fields of photon stars

The redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars are studied when the observing and emitting points of the spectral lines locate at different positions. And the motion of masspoints is also studied. The studies show that the redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars can he arbitrarily positive, and the motion of mass-points in gravitational fields of photon stars can be used to determine the mass of photon stars.

浅析量子运动数学论

量子运动数学论就是运用数学模型或数学方法将物体的运动进行量子化(即定量或定性)。量子就是指一个个独立的个体。它不单是现代数学和物理学中的抽象的点,也可以是线、面、体。数学模型是运用数理逻辑方法和数学语言建构的科学或工程模型;数学方法就是指例举法、图像法、归纳法、代入法、建模法、公式法等。

Synthesis and Photoluminescence of a New Red PhosphorescentIridium(III) Quinoxaline Complex

A new cyclometalated iridium(III) complex with the formula [Ir(DPQ)2(acac)] (DPQ= 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline; acac=acetylacetone) was prepared. The structure of the complex was confirmed by Elemental Analysis (EA), 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopy (MS). The UV-vis absorption and photoluminescent properties of the complex were investigated.

Different molecular conformation and packing determining mechanochromism and room-temperature phosphorescence

The phenomenon that different molecular packing modes in aggregates result in different optical properties has attracted intense attention,since it can provide useful information to establish the relationship between the micro-and macro-world.In this paper,DBTDO-DMAC was designed with 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine(DMAC)as electron donor.DBTDO-DPA and DBTDO-Cz were designed for comparison,which adopted diphenylamine(DPA)with twisted structure and carbazole(Cz)with planar structure as donors,respectively.As expected,two polymorphs(Crystal G and Crystal Y)of DBTDO-DMAC were obtained and exhibited distinct properties.Crystal G originating from planar conformation exhibited mechanochromism(MC)phenomenon and the emission color changed from green to yellow with a redshift of 35 nm after grinding.Nevertheless,Crystal Y with folded conformation displayed obvious room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)with yellow afterglow.Careful single crystal analyses,powder X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculation reveal that the different emissive behaviors are highly related to the molecular conformation and packing modes.The successful adjustment of molecular conformation provides some guidance in the design of other MC and/or RTP luminogens,broadens the molecule family with the tunable molecular conformation and opens up a new avenue for exploring possible adjustment of molecular packing in aggregates.

Photophysical properties of heteroaromatic ring-fused(di)benzosiloles

Benzosiloles fused to heterocycles such as thiophene, benzothiophene, and benzofuran, and indole- and benzosilole-fused dibenzosiloles were prepared by palladium-catalyzed intramolecular coupling of the corresponding 2-（arylsilyl）aryl triflates in good to high yields. Molecular and crystal structures of 5,7-dihydro-5,5,7,7-tetrakis（1-methylethyl）bis[1]benzosilolo-[2,3-b：3＇, 2＇-d]thiophene, 6-methyl-12,12-diisopropyl-12H-indololo[3,2-b][1]silafluorene, and 5,5,11,11-tetraisopropyl-5,11H-benzosilolo[3,2-c]silafluorene were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The UV absorption spectra of the （di）benzosilole derivafives in cyclohexane red-shifted when compared to 1,1-diisopropyldibenzosilole, indicating that replacing a benzene ring of dibenzosilole by the heterocycles as well as fusion of indole and benzosilole moieties onto dibenzosilole narrowed the HOMO- LUMO gaps of the n-conjugation system. The thiophene-fused benzosiloles were faintly fluorescent in solution and in the solid state, whereas the dibenzosiloles exhibited luminescence with moderate and high quantum yields in cyclohexane and in microcrystals, respectively. In other words, aggregation-induced emission was observed for the dibenzosiloles. Notably, 5,5,11,1 1- tetraisopropyl-5,11H-benzosilolo[3,2-c]silafluorene in microcrystals exhibited violet fluorescence （λmax = 396 nm） with a quantum yield of 0.70. Density functional theory （DFT） calculations of the prepared （di）benzosiloles were also performed.

A tension insensitive PbS fiber temperature sensor based on Sagnac interferometer

In this paper, a tension insensitive Pb S fiber temperature sensor based on Sagnac interferometer is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing mechanism of tension and temperature is analyzed. The relationships between the interference spectrum, temperature and tension are analyzed, respectively. The experimental temperature range is 36—70 °C. The experimental results show that the interference spectrum is red shifted, and its sensitivity is 53.89 pm/°C. In tension experiment, the tension range is 0—1 400 με. The experimental results show that there is no wavelength shift in the interference spectrum. The sensor is immune to tension cross-sensitivity compared with other sensors. It can be used for temperature testing in aerospace, chemistry and pharmacy.

Discovery of two broad absorption line quasars at redshift about 4.75 using the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope

The ultraviolet broad absorption lines have been seen in the spectra of quasars at high redshift, and are generally considered to be caused by outflows with velocities from thousands kilometers per second to one tenth of the speed of light. They provide crucial implications for the cosmological structures and physical evolutions related to the feedback of active galactic nuclei(AGNs).Recently, through a dedicated program of optically spectroscopic identifications of selected quasar candidates at redshift 5 by using the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope, we discovered two luminous broad absorption line quasars(BALQSOs) at redshift about 4.75. One of them may even have the potentially highest absorption Balnicity Index(BI) ever found to date, which is remarkably characterized by its deep, broad absorption lines and sub-relativistic outflows. Further physical properties, including the metal abundances,variabilities, evolutions of the supermassive black holes(SMBH) and accretion disks associated with the feedback process, can be investigated with multi-wavelength follow-up observations in the future.