几何光学的现代理论──光线力学

本文介绍了几何光学的最新发展，系统论述了经典光线力学和量子光线力学的基本概念，讨论了光线力学对传统几何光学和波动光学的影响及其发展前景．

弱限制波导的光线量子力学分析方法

根据光线量子理论验证了弱限制波导条件等效于光学中傍轴近似 ,可将量子理论方法移植到光波导中 。

光线刘维定理及其应用

本文对近年来在光线力学的基础上发展起来的光线刘维定理及其应用问题作一个综述性讨论。

光线传播规律的一种新描述

在量子光线力学基础上引入光线的信息熵并建立了光线熵守恒方程，此方程给出了光线传播规律的一种新描述，这种描述不仅包括了几何光学的诸条定律，并能解决传统几何光学所不能解决的问题。

光流子(流线)的量子理论

本文在光线量子力学的基础上,提出光在介质中传输的流线结构模型,引进光流子的概念,揭示出受介质限制的传输光场是一束流线结构图象,推导出光流子的量子方程,重新定义一些概念,初步形成了光流子(或流线)的量子理论。

Three-stage Transformation of Chlorophyll Transient Fluorescence Pattern Under Sustained Dehydration and the Discovery of Critical Water Content in Seaweeds

The chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics of marine red alga Grateloupia turutunt Yamada, green alga Ulva pertusa Kjellm and brown alga Laminaria japonica Aresch during natural sustained dehydration were monitored and investigated. The pulse amplified modulation (PAM) system was used to analyze the distinct fluorescence parameters during thallus dehydration. Results proved that the fluorescence kinetics of different seaweed all showed three patterns of transformation with sustained water loss. These were: 1) peak kinetic pattern (at the early stage of dehydration fluorescence enhanced and quenched subsequently, representing a normal physiological state). 2) plateau kinetic pattern (with sustained water loss fluorescence enhanced continuously but quenching became slower, finally reaching its maximum). 3) Platform kinetic pattern (fluorescence fell and the shape of kinetic curve was similar to plateau kinetic pattern). A critical water content (CWC) could be found and defined as the percentage of water content just prior to the fluorescence drop and to be a significant physiological index for evaluation of plant drought tolerance. Once thallus water content became lower than this value the normal peak pattern can not be recovered even through rehydration, indicating an irreversible damage to the thylakoid membrane. The CWC value corresponding to different marine species were varied and negatively correlated with their desiccation tolerance, for example. Laminaria japonica had the highest CWC value (around 90%) and the lowest dehydration tolerance of the three. In addition, a fluorescence 'burst' was found only in red algae during rehydration. The different fluorescence parameters F-o, F-v and F-v, F-m were measured and compared during water loss. Both F-o and F-v increased in the first stage of dehydration but F-v/F-m. kept almost constant. So the immediate response of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence to dehydration was an enhancement. Later with sustained dehydration F-o increased continuously while F-v decreased and tended to become smaller and smaller. The major changes in fluorescence (including fluorescence drop during dehydration and the burst during rehydration) were all attributed to the change in F-o instead of F-v This significance of F-o indicates that it is necessary to do more research on F-o as well as on its relationship with the state of thylakoid membrane.

Measurement and Study of Tyrosinase Activity in Potato

[Objective] The paper was to study the activity of tyrosinase,so as to provide reference for preventing browning of potatoes as well as fruits and vegetables containing tyrosinase.[Method] With potato as raw material and Na2HPO4-HCl in buffer solution（pH=7.2）as system,spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of potato extract at 480nm,the curve was established,and the activity of tyrosinase was obtained.[Result] The changes of data were little under the above conditions,and the stability of tyrosinase activity was high.[Conclusion] Using spectrophotometry to determine the tyrosinase activity in potato is simple with high accuracy.

光流线量子理论研究渐变波导

本文首次应用光线量子力学理论研究渐变折射率波导问题,建立了指数型波导势阱函数模型,运用量子力学的线性谐振子相类比的方法,精确的解出渐变折射率波导内光传输的传播常数和模场分布,揭示了光传输的波粒二象性的本质。

Study on Extraction and Catalytic Activity of Tyrosinase

Objective] Tyrosinase is a kind of polyphenol oxidase used widely, and the study of tyrosinase attracts extensive attention. [Method] ln this experiment, A conversion kinetic curve of dopa solution was obtained using absorbance of potato extract at 480 nm in Na2HPO4-HCl buffer system at a pH value of 7.2 with the vari-ation rate of absorbance against time （ΔA/Δt） as reaction rate, and the activity of tyrosinase could thus be calculated. [Result] The results showed that at the wave-length, in the Na2HPO4-HCl buffer system with a pH value at 7.2, there was little in-terference to the system, the data showed smal fluctuations, and the activity of ty-rosinase was high and stable, further providing a theoretical foundation for the de-termination and study of factors influencing tyrosinase activity. [Conclusion] The catalytic activity of tyrosinase was studied and determined with buffer solution as substrate with high accuracy and good effect.

Spectrum Correction in Study of Solvation Dynamics by Fluorescence Non-collinear Optical Parametric Amplification Spectroscopy

Femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spec- troscopy can extract the curve of spectral gain from its parametric superfluorescence. This unique spectrum correction method enables fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spectroscopy acquiring the genuine transient fluorescence spectrum of the studied system. In this work we employ fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spectroscopy technique to study the solvation dynamics of DCM dye in ethanol solution, and confirm that genuine solvation correlation function and shift of peak frequency can be derived from transient fluorescence spectra after the spectral gain correction. It demonstrates that fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spectroscopy can benefit the research fields, which focuses on both fluorescence intensity dynamics and fluorescence spectral shape evolution.

Liquidus and phase equilibria in CaO-SiO2-5%MgO-20%Al2O3-TiO2 system

The single hot thermocouple technique （SHTT） and high temperature equilibrium technique were combined to investigate the phase diagram of the CaO-SiO2-5%MgO-20%AlzO3-TiO2 system. The 1300 ℃ to 1500 ℃ liquidus lines are calculated according to the thermodynamic equations based on the pseudo-melting temperatures measured by the single hot thermocouple technique. The phase equilibria relationships are experimentally determined at 1400 ℃ using the high temperature equilibria technique followed by X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） analysis. The liquid phase（L）, melilite solid solution phase （（C2MSz,C2AS）ss）, diopside phase（CMS2） and perovskite phase （CaO·TiO2） are found. Coupled with the liquidus lines and equilibria results, the phase diagram is constructed for the specified region of the CaO-SiO2-5%MgO-20%Al2O3-TiO2 system.

量子光学

O431 98063501光孤子的光流线量子理论分析=Quantum theoreticalanalysis of light flow-line of solitons[会,中]/薛玲玲,陈亚孚(长春光机学院应用理学院.吉林,长春(130022))//全国第八次光纤通信暨第九届集成光学学术会议,—湖北武汉,97.10从光线量子力学出发对非线性色散光纤中光孤子传输的基本方程进行了研究。

Coherent Vibrational Dynamics and High-resolution Nonlinear Spectroscopy： A Comparison with the Air/DMSO Liquid Interface

We present a comparative study on the C-H stretching vibrations at air/DMSO （dimethyl sulfoxide） interface with both the free-induction decay （FID） coherent vibrational dynamics and the sub-wavenumber high resolution sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy measurements. In principle the frequency-domain and time-domain spectroscopic measurements should generate identical information for a given molecular system. However, when the molecular systems are with several coupled or overlapping vibrational modes, obtain- ing detailed spectroscopic and coherent dynamics information is not as straightforward and rather difficult from either the time-domain or the frequency domain measurements. For the case of air/DMSO interface that is with moderately complex vibrational spectra, we show that the frequency-domain measurement with sub-wavenumber high-resolution sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy is probably more advantageous than the time- domain measurement in obtaining quantitative understanding of the structure and coherent dynamics of the molecular interface.

Adsorption behavior of uranium on polyvinyl alcohol-g-amidoxime:Physicochemical properties, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects

Amidoxime-based adsorbents are widely studied as the main adsorbent in the recovery of uranium from seawater. However, the adsorption rate and loading capacity of such adsorbents should be further improved due to the economic viability consider- ation. In this paper, polyvinyl alcohol functionalized with amidoxime （PVA-g-AO） has been prepared as a new adsorbent for uranium （VI） adsorption from aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of PVA-g-AO were investigated using infra- red spectroscopy （IR）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Results showed that the ligand monomers were successfully grafted onto the matrixes. The XRD and XPS analysis showed that uranium was adsorbed in metal ionic form rather than in crystal form. Uranyl （U （VI）） adsorption properties onto PVA-g-AO were evaluated. The adsorption of U （VI） by PVA-g-AO was fast, with an equilibrium time of less than 50 rnin. Additionally the maximum adsorption capacity reached 42.84 mg/g at pH 4.0.

Dark Matter Particle Explorer observations of high-energy cosmic ray electrons plus positrons and their physical implications

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer （DAMPE） is a satellite-borne, high-energy particle and 3,-ray detector, which is dedicated to indirectly detecting particle dark matter and studying high-energy astrophysics. The first results about precise measurement of the cosmic ray electron plus positron spectrum between 25 GeV and 4.6 TeV were published recently. The DAMPE spectrum reveals an interesting spectral softening arount 0.9 TeV and a tentative peak around 1.4 TeV. These results have inspired extensive discussion. The detector of DAMPE, the data analysis, and the first results are introduced. In particular, the physical interpretations of the DAMPE data are reviewed.

Femi-type acceleration of electron in y-ray burst fireball model

We calculate numerically the hydrodynamic evolution of a γ-ray burst fireball. The results show that refluence will emerge during fireball expansion due to negative-pressure effect. The refluence will collide with outward fluid, then shock wave will form. Electrons moving between the inward and outward fluid shells can be accelerated to 104–105 MeV by one order Femi-type acceleration with high efficiency after several collisions. Radiation of electrons with such high energy may be the observed γray bursts.

In-depth study on aminolysis of poly(ε-caprolactone): Back to the fundamentals

The aminolysis can effectively introduce primary amine （- quent surface fiiofunctionalization reactions. However, less NH2） groups onto polyester materials, enabling a variety of subse- attention has been paid to the basic knowledge of aminolysis reac- tion in terms of reaction kinetics and its influences on materials properties. In this study, taking the widely used poly（e-caprolactone） （PCL） as a typical example, the influences of diamines and solvent property on the surface -NH2 density are firstly assessed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and colorimetric analysis. Results show that smaller dia- mine molecules and nonpolar alcohols could accelerate the reaction. The reaction kinetics with 1,6-hexanediamine is further investigated as a function of temperature, reaction time, and diamine concentration. During the initial stage, the reaction shows a 1^st order kinetics with the diamine concentration and has an activation energy of 54.5 kJ/mol. Ionization state of the -NH2 groups on the PCL surface is determined, revealing that the pKa of -NH3^＋ （〈5） is much lower than that of the corresponding diamine molecules in solution. After aminolysis, surface hydrophilicity of PCL membrane is significantly enhanced, while surface elastic modulus and average molecular weight are decreased to some extent, and others such as weight, surface mor- phology and bulk mechanical strength are not apparently changed. The introduced -NH2 groups are found to be largely lost at 37 ℃, but can be mostly maintained at low temperature.

Rogue Waves of the Higher-Order Dispersive Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation

In this paper,the rogue waves of the higher-order dispersive nonlinear Schrdinger(HDNLS) equation are investigated,which describes the propagation of ultrashort optical pulse in optical fibers.The rogue wave solutions of HDNLS equation are constructed by using the modified Darboux transformation method.The explicit first and secondorder rogue wave solutions are presented under the plane wave seeding solution background.The nonlinear dynamics and properties of rogue waves are discussed by analyzing the obtained rational solutions.The influence of little perturbation on the rogue waves is discussed with the help of graphical simulation.

Crystal structures and thermal decomposition kinetics of lanthanide complexes with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline

A series of lanthanide complexes with the 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid （3,4,5-tmoba） and 1,10-phenanthroline（phen）, [Ln（3,4,5-tmoba）3phen]2（Ln = Pr（l）, Nd （2） and Ho（3））, have been synthesized and characterized by a series of techniques including elemental analysis, IR spectra, X-ray crystallography and TG/DSC-FTIR technology. The three complexes have two kinds of coordination modes, in which the Pr3＋ and Nd3＋ cations are nine-coordinated and the Ho3＋ cation is eight-coordinated. The three-dimensional IR accumulation spectra of gaseous products for complexes 1-3 were analyzed and the gaseous products were identified by the typical IR spectra obtained from the 3D surface graphs. Meanwhile, we obtained the activation energy E of the first steps of complexes 1-3 by the integral isoconversional non-linear （NL-INT） method and discussed the non-isothermal kinetics of complexes 1-3 using the Malek method. Finally, SB（m, n） was defined as the kinetic method of the first-step thermal decomposition. The thermodynamic parameters △G≠, △H≠ and △S≠ of activation at the peak temperature were also calculated.

Exact transformation optics by using electrostatics

We present a novel method for designing transformation optical devices based on electrostatics.An arbi-trary transformation of electrostatic field can lead to a new refractive index distribution,where wave-fronts and energy flux lines correspond to equipotential surfaces and electrostatic flux lines,respectively.Owing to scalar wave propagating exactly following an eikonal equation,wave optics and geometric optics share the same solutions in the devices.The method is utilized to design multipole lenses derived from multipoles in electrostatics.The source and drain in optics are considered as corre-sponding to positive charge and negative charge in the static field.By defining winding numbers in vir-tual and physical spaces,we explain the reason for some multipole lenses with illusion effects.Besides,we introduce an equipotential absorber to replace the drain to correspond to a negative charge with a grounded conductor.Therefore,it is a very general platform to design intriguing devices based on the combination of electrostatics and transformation optics.