We present a detailed routing algorithm considering the optical proximity effect. The light intensity is calculated beforehand and stored in look-up tables. These costs are used as a constraint to guide the sequential...We present a detailed routing algorithm considering the optical proximity effect. The light intensity is calculated beforehand and stored in look-up tables. These costs are used as a constraint to guide the sequential routing. The routing algorithm is based on constructed force directed Steiner tree routing to enhance routing efficien- cy. Experimental results on industrial benchmark circuits show that the presented routing algorithm can obtain much improvement considering optical effects short runtime.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the different influences of anterior and posterior correction and fusion approaches upon disc wedging in adolescent idiopathic thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis.Methods The retrospective study was c...Objective To evaluate the different influences of anterior and posterior correction and fusion approaches upon disc wedging in adolescent idiopathic thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis.Methods The retrospective study was conducted with the medical records and radiographs of adolescent idiopathic thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis patients that underwent anterior(group A) or posterior(group B) correction and fusion surgery from December 1998 to May 2008.The correction of the main curve and changes of the disc wedging were analyzed.Results Fifty-three patients were included,26 in group A and 27 in group B.The mean coronal Cobb angles of the main curve in group A and group B were significantly corrected after surgery(P<0.05),with an average correction rate of 75.2% and 88.2%,respectively.Upon final follow-up,the coronal Cobb angles of the two groups were 18.9°±11.1° and 7.7°±5.6°,respectively,with an average correction loss of 6.8°±6.5° and 2.7°±3.3°,respectively.The coronal Cobb angle after operation and at final follow-up,and the correction rate were significantly better in group B than those in group A(P<0.05),while the coronal Cobb angle loss in group A was greater than that in group B(P<0.05).The disc wedging before operation,after operation,and at final follow-up were 3.2°±3.0°,5.7°±3.0°,and 8.6°±4.4° in group A,and 2.4°±3.2°,3.3°±3.4°,and 3.7°±3.6° in group B,respectively.Postoperative disc wedging was significantly larger compared with preoperative measurements in group A(P<0.05),but not in group B(P>0.05).The difference between disc wedging at final follow-up and that after surgery was significant in group A(P<0.05),but not in group B(P>0.05).Between the two groups,group A had larger disc angles after operation and at final follow-up(P<0.05),and a greater loss of disc angle(P<0.05).Conclusion For adolescent idiopathic thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis,posterior approach using all pedicle screws might produce a better result in terms of disc wedging compared with anterior approach.展开更多
A model of correcting the nonlinear error of photoelectric displacement sensor was established based on the least square support vector machine.The parameters of the correcting nonlinear model,such as penalty factor a...A model of correcting the nonlinear error of photoelectric displacement sensor was established based on the least square support vector machine.The parameters of the correcting nonlinear model,such as penalty factor and kernel parameter,were optimized by chaos genetic algorithm.And the nonlinear correction of photoelectric displacement sensor based on least square support vector machine was applied.The application results reveal that error of photoelectric displacement sensor is less than 1.5%,which is rather satisfactory for nonlinear correction of photoelectric displacement sensor.展开更多
When X-ray fluorescence （XRF） technology is used to measure the sulfur concentration in coal online, the measurement accu- racy is affected by the coal＇s uneven surface and the particle size. In order to improve th...When X-ray fluorescence （XRF） technology is used to measure the sulfur concentration in coal online, the measurement accu- racy is affected by the coal＇s uneven surface and the particle size. In order to improve the accuracy of sulfur concentration measurement, an online measurement system, consisting of a portable X-ray fluorescence instrument and an auxiliary distance correction module, was developed in this paper. By measuring the standard coal samples of known sulfur concentration, we obtained a calibration curve that can be used to analyze the sulfur concentration. We studied the relationship between the X-ray fluorescence intensity （I） and the distance （D） from surfaces to instrument. The results showed that there was a good linear re- lationship between 1 and D when the sulfur content was certain. Based on these knowledge, the distance correction formula of X-ray fluorescence intensity was proposed. By applying the distance correction formula to experimental sulfur concentration measurement, we demonstrated that the measurement accuracy can be significantly increased.展开更多
文摘We present a detailed routing algorithm considering the optical proximity effect. The light intensity is calculated beforehand and stored in look-up tables. These costs are used as a constraint to guide the sequential routing. The routing algorithm is based on constructed force directed Steiner tree routing to enhance routing efficien- cy. Experimental results on industrial benchmark circuits show that the presented routing algorithm can obtain much improvement considering optical effects short runtime.
文摘Objective To evaluate the different influences of anterior and posterior correction and fusion approaches upon disc wedging in adolescent idiopathic thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis.Methods The retrospective study was conducted with the medical records and radiographs of adolescent idiopathic thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis patients that underwent anterior(group A) or posterior(group B) correction and fusion surgery from December 1998 to May 2008.The correction of the main curve and changes of the disc wedging were analyzed.Results Fifty-three patients were included,26 in group A and 27 in group B.The mean coronal Cobb angles of the main curve in group A and group B were significantly corrected after surgery(P<0.05),with an average correction rate of 75.2% and 88.2%,respectively.Upon final follow-up,the coronal Cobb angles of the two groups were 18.9°±11.1° and 7.7°±5.6°,respectively,with an average correction loss of 6.8°±6.5° and 2.7°±3.3°,respectively.The coronal Cobb angle after operation and at final follow-up,and the correction rate were significantly better in group B than those in group A(P<0.05),while the coronal Cobb angle loss in group A was greater than that in group B(P<0.05).The disc wedging before operation,after operation,and at final follow-up were 3.2°±3.0°,5.7°±3.0°,and 8.6°±4.4° in group A,and 2.4°±3.2°,3.3°±3.4°,and 3.7°±3.6° in group B,respectively.Postoperative disc wedging was significantly larger compared with preoperative measurements in group A(P<0.05),but not in group B(P>0.05).The difference between disc wedging at final follow-up and that after surgery was significant in group A(P<0.05),but not in group B(P>0.05).Between the two groups,group A had larger disc angles after operation and at final follow-up(P<0.05),and a greater loss of disc angle(P<0.05).Conclusion For adolescent idiopathic thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis,posterior approach using all pedicle screws might produce a better result in terms of disc wedging compared with anterior approach.
基金Project(50925727) supported by the National Fund for Distinguish Young Scholars of ChinaProject(60876022) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2010FJ4141) supported by Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Foundation,ChinaProject supported by the Fund of the Key Construction Academic Subject (Optics) of Hunan Province,China
文摘A model of correcting the nonlinear error of photoelectric displacement sensor was established based on the least square support vector machine.The parameters of the correcting nonlinear model,such as penalty factor and kernel parameter,were optimized by chaos genetic algorithm.And the nonlinear correction of photoelectric displacement sensor based on least square support vector machine was applied.The application results reveal that error of photoelectric displacement sensor is less than 1.5%,which is rather satisfactory for nonlinear correction of photoelectric displacement sensor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11375087)Provincial Training Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(Grant No.201310287102)
文摘When X-ray fluorescence （XRF） technology is used to measure the sulfur concentration in coal online, the measurement accu- racy is affected by the coal＇s uneven surface and the particle size. In order to improve the accuracy of sulfur concentration measurement, an online measurement system, consisting of a portable X-ray fluorescence instrument and an auxiliary distance correction module, was developed in this paper. By measuring the standard coal samples of known sulfur concentration, we obtained a calibration curve that can be used to analyze the sulfur concentration. We studied the relationship between the X-ray fluorescence intensity （I） and the distance （D） from surfaces to instrument. The results showed that there was a good linear re- lationship between 1 and D when the sulfur content was certain. Based on these knowledge, the distance correction formula of X-ray fluorescence intensity was proposed. By applying the distance correction formula to experimental sulfur concentration measurement, we demonstrated that the measurement accuracy can be significantly increased.
