基于光谱参数和Cu^(2+)吸收机理的玉米叶片铜污染预测研究

依据多个浓度梯度下Cu^(2+)胁迫的玉米盆栽实验,通过采用多种光谱特征参数、红边位置(REP)、红边一阶微分包围面积(FAR)和归一化植被指数(NDVI)等光谱参量;以及另五种植被指数(红边归一化植被指数NDVI_(705),改进红边比值植被指数mSR_(705),改进红边归一化植被指数mNDVI_(705),光化学植被指数PRI和结构不敏感色素指数SIPI);并结合Cu^(2+)的光谱吸收机理,同时基于玉米叶片的反射光谱和Cu^(2+)含量实验室实测数据,开展了玉米叶片光谱参数及植被指数与铜污染程度预测的相关性分析研究。实验结果表明:本文提到的大部分光谱参数及植被指数与叶片中Cu^(2+)含量具有一定的相关性;随着Cu^(2+)浓度增加,盆栽玉米在低于200μg/g浓度时仍可正常生长;而在高于浓度为200μg/g后生长受到抑制。玉米受Cu^(2+)污染时,在Cu^(2+)特征吸收峰810 nm处反射率有下降趋势,与无Cu^(2+)污染时反射率上升的趋势相反,说明Cu^(2+)光谱吸收机理可以用来区分和预测玉米是否受到Cu^(2+)污染。

Effect of sample treatment on determination of arsenic （Ⅲ） and arsenic （Ⅴ） in aqueous and tissue samples by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

The purpose of this procedure was to optimize and improve a method that used for the determination of arsenic （Ⅲ） and arsenic （Ⅴ） in biological and environmental samples. The method is based on hydride generation and atomic absorption spectrometry. For both As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） the parameters such as NaBH4, HCI concentration, and pH were optimized. Absorption signal of As （Ⅴ） was approximately 17% of As （Ⅲ） signal. Therefore, for estimation of As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） concentrations in various samples the difference between the absorbance obtained for arsenic, without and with previous treatment of samples with potassium iodide （KI）, can be applied. The calibration graphs were linear （r〉0.99）, and the detection limits of the method based on three times the standard deviation of the blank were 0.14 and 0.64 μL^-1 for As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ）, respectively. The relative standard deviation （R.S.D.） of measurements was less than 10%. As a means of checking performance method, water samples were spiked with known concentrations of both As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ）, and recovery above 94% was obtained. The proposed method was applied successfully to determine inorganic As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） in various environmental and total As in biological samples.