Determination of Transmission Routing of OXC Nodes Based on AWG Multiplexer by Matrix Transformation

The structures of the space switching and the wavelength switching optical cross connect (OXC) nodes which are based on the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer are analyzed.By the matrix transformation relation between the input and output wavelengths of the AWG multiplexer, the wavelength transmission routings of the space switching and wavelength switching OXC nodes are determined.

Using CSMA/CD for Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON)

Using CSMA/CD for EPON can eliminate the augmentations, such as multi-point control protocol and point-to-point emulation, added to the existing 802.3 architecture due to the incompatibility of PON to Ethernet. Both full-duplex EPON system and half-duplex EPON system using CSMA/CD were proposed. In the full-duplex EPON, CSMA/CD is used as the upstream MAC protocol. In the half-duplex EPON system, both upstream and downstream traffic contend for the optical channel through CSMA/CD protocol. The upstream lightwave redirection and collision detection techniques were given. By the analysis and simulation, the throughput performance of the half-duplex EPON system is proven to be as well as that of the existing high speed half-duplex Ethernet LAN.

2.5 Gb/s 16∶1 MUX IC Design with CMOS

A low-power and high-speed 16:1 MUX IC designed for Optical fiber communication based on TSMC 0.25 μm CMOS technology is represented. A tree-type architecture was utilized. The output data bit rate is 2.5 Gb/s at input clock rate of 1.25 GHz. The simulation results show that the output signal has peak-to-peak amplitude of 400 mV, the power dissipation is less than 200 mW and the power dissipation of core circuit is less than 20 mW at the 2.5 Gb/s standard bit rate and supply voltage of 2.5 V. The chip area is （1.8） mm2.

Design of buffer structure at core nodes in optical burst switching

Reasonable and effective buffer structures are proposed in core routers /nodes of optical burst switching.Based on the model of burst traffics and their contentions,the basic qualifications for the design of buffer structures are concluded.With these qualifications,buffer and switch integrated structures are proposed;and by conclusion and expansion,the classification rules of buffer structures are also proposed from different angles.The schemes to integrate structures are analyzed and simulated.

Design of 622 Mb/s Clock-recovery Monolithic IC for Optical Communication System

A monolithic clock-recovery circuit used in 622 Mb/s optical communication system is designed,which is based on the phase-locked loop theory,and uses bipolar transistor model.It overcomes the shortcoming of clock recovery method based on filter,and implements monolithic clock-recovery IC.The designed circuits include phase detector,voltage-controlled oscillator and loop filter.Among them,the voltage-control oscillator is a modified two-stage ring oscillator,which provides quadrature clock signals and presents wide voltage-controlled range and high voltage-controlling sensitivity.

Wide-angle Beam Propagation Method Based on Oblique Coordinate

A wide-angle beam propagation algorithm based on an oblique coordinate system is presented.A waveguide with tilted structure is simulated in terms of this method and the conventional wide-angle BPM. By comparing the results,it is found that this method is effective especially in tilted structure. The Y-junction has been also simulated in terms of this new method,and the good results are obtained.

Homeopathy--A Regulation Therapy Healing Hypo- or Hyper-functions of Pathological Pathways by Magnetic Photons according to the Resonance Principle

Since Lenger＇s detection of magnetic photons in homeopathic remedies by magnetic resonance the mystery of homeopathy comes to a solution. Homeopathy is a regulation therapy curing hypo- and hyper-functions of pathological pathways. It reacts according to the principle of resonance. The fundamental principles of homeopathy as proving, symptom picture, curing according to the Law of Similars and the production of homeopathic remedies over the Avogadro number by repeated dilution and succussion are explained to have the same frequencies so that the resonance principle can work. Pathological pathways are cured by using their highly potentized substrates, inhibitors and enzymes, given daily or each second day. This is in contradiction to the normal applied homeopathy. The efficacy of homeopathy now has a scientific base and is completely explained by applying biochemical and biophysical laws.

Physical layer impairments tolerance based lightpath provision in software defined optical network

As all-optical networks grow with ever increasing ultra-high speed,the communication quality suffers seriously from physical layer impairments( PLIs). The same problem still exists in software defined optical network( SDON) controlled by OpenFlow. Aimed to solve this problem,a PLIs tolerance based lightpath provision scheme is proposed for OpenFlow controlled optical networks. This proposed approach not only takes the OSNR model to represent those linear PLIs factors,but also introduces those nonlinear factors into the OSNR model. Thus,the proposed scheme is able to cover most PLIs factors of each optical link and conduct optical lightpath provison with better communication quality. Moreover,PLIs tolerance model is also set up and considered in this work with some necessary extension to OpenFlow protocols to achieve better compatibility between physical layer impairments factors and various services connections. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to get better performance in terms of packet loss rate and connection setup time.

Research and Design of Monolithic Decision Circuit for Optical Communication System

In this paper,the cause of bit-error is analyzed when data are decided in the optical receiver.A monolithic D-ff decision circuit is designed.It can work effectively at 622 Mb/s.Moreover,a decision method of parallel processing to improve the decision speed is presented,through which the parallel circuit can work up to 1 Gb/s using the same model.With the technique,higher-speed data can be decided by using lower speed device.

Evolution to 200G Passive Optical Network

New generation passive optical network aims at providing more than 100 Gb/s capacity. Thanks to recent progress enabling a variety of optical transceivers up to 40 Gb/s, many evolution possibilities to 200G PONs （passive optical network） could be investigated. This work proposes two directly deployable cases of evolution to 200G PON based on the combination of these improved optical transceivers and WDM （wavelength division multiplexing）. The physical layer of the optical network has been simulated with OptiSystem software to show the communication links performances behavior when considering key components parameters in order to achieve good network design for a given area. The complexity of the proposed architectures and financial cost comparisons are also discussed.

面向热障涂层内部界面缺陷的快速检测装置

热障涂层(TBC)对燃气轮机涡轮叶片的保护起着至关重要的作用,但是其内部陶瓷层与黏结层界面易产生热氧化层和局部应力集中而诱发界面分层缺陷,严重危害TBC的服役安全,因此,实现TBC内部尤其是界面缺陷的无损快速检测对于叶片服役寿命评估具有重要工程意义。然而,现有的检测装置均不能满足无损、快速、精准以及便携的测量需求,为此本文开展了基于荧光成像的热障涂层内部界面缺陷的装置研究。本文基于荧光反射增强效应,设计搭建了采用同轴带通光路的检测装置。同时,探索了在荧光子层下方预制内部界面缺陷的实验方法,制备了用于验证方法与标定测量的预制界面缺陷TBC试样。最后,将所研制的检测装置应用于识别所制备样品的内部缺陷,通过对不同横向尺寸、形状与厚度预制缺陷的准确识别检测,验证了装置的有效性与适用性。

Topology and analysis of an N-stage cascaded polymer eight-port microring optical router with 7N channel wavelengths

Eight-port optical routers are widely used in cluster-mesh photonic networks-on-chip(No C). By using 24 groups of cross-coupling two-ring resonators, a 1-stage 8-port polymer optical router is proposed, which can optically route 7 channel wavelength data streams along definite path in two-dimensional(2D) plane. Under the selected 7 channel wavelengths, the insertion losses along all routing paths are within 0.02-0.58 d B, the maximum crosstalk of all routing operations is less than-39 d B, and the device footprint size is about 0.79 mm2. Then, a universal novel structure and routing scheme of N-stage cascaded 8-port optical router are presented, which contains 7N channel wavelengths. Because of the good scalability in wavelength, this device shows potential application of wideband signal routing in optical No C.

Phototransduction in Drosophila

The Drosophila visual transduction is the fastest known G protein-coupled signaling cascade and has been served as a model for understanding the molecular mechanisms of other G protein-coupled signaling cascades. Numbers of components in visual transduction machinery have been identified. Based on the functional characterization of these genes, a model for Drosophila phototransduction has been outlined, including rhodopsin activation, phosphoinoside signaling, and the opening of TRP and TRPL channels. Recently, the characterization of mutants, showing slow termination, revealed the physiological significance and the mechanism of rapid termination of light response.

OSNR comprehensive-awareness model based lightpath control scheme in an Open Flow controlled all-optical network

To enhance the communication quality of Open Flow controlled all-optical networks,an optical signal-to-noise ratio comprehensive-awareness(OSNR-CA) model based lightpath control scheme is proposed.This approach transforms main physical-layer optical impairments into OSNR value,and takes this comprehensive OSNR value of the optical signal along the lightpath into consideration,when establishing the lightpath for the connection request using OpenFlow protocol.Moreover,the proposed scheme makes full advantages of the OSNR monitoring function in each node,and assigns the lightpath according to the comprehensive-OSNR value by extending messages of Open Flow protocol,in order to guarantee the reliable establishment of the lightpath.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better performance in terms of packet loss rate and lightpath establishment time.