基于光通量计量法的紫外辐射测定方法建立及其应用研究

近年来,我国大气一次污染颗粒物的浓度逐渐下降,二次生成的气溶胶已经成为了大气颗粒物的主要组成部分。新粒子生成作为二次生成气溶胶的重要来源,本世纪以来受到的关注也越来越高。而气态硫酸作为新粒子生成化学过程中一种极为重要的前体物,由于其浓度极低,检测所需的仪器灵敏度极高,因此如何准确定量气态硫酸是新粒子形成机制研究中最大的难点。现有的气态硫酸的定量方法主要是基于光化学法,利用紫外辐射光解水汽产生OH自由基后与过量的二氧化硫反应最终生成气态硫酸,气态硫酸的浓度由紫外光强与水汽浓度共同决定。其中紫外光强的直接测量存在着较大的不确定性,这主要是由于光强在气态硫酸标定装置的反应腔体中分布不均匀,此外,在实际大气条件下标定时还会受到背景气溶胶的散射、吸收作用的影响。因此,此研究建立并比较了两种分别基于臭氧和氧化亚氮光通量计量法的紫外辐射测定的间接测量方法。结果表明:基于臭氧的间接测量法的主要误差来自于氧气的吸收截面,理论误差>60%,实际实验室的重复实验误差约为12%;基于氧化亚氮的间接测量法的主要误差来自于二级反应速率kn的测量误差、反应产物检测仪器及流量控制装置的不确定性,理论误差<16%,实际实验室的重复实验误差<1%。将基于氧化亚氮的间接测量法应用于外场观测的气态硫酸检测时,在为期半个月每天一次的定标气态硫酸中,气态硫酸的测量误差约为24%,接近或优于国外观测结果,证明基于氧化亚氮的光通量计量法对于紫外辐射的测定方法具有较好的准确性和稳定度,可以有效应用于气态硫酸的定量测量。

光通量法在SHPSB剪切应变测量中的应用

利用光通量方法对分离式霍普金森压剪杆实验技术中的剪切应变测量进行了实验研究。实验装置主要包括:准直激光器、光电接收器、光学挡板。由装置性能验证实验结果以及不确定度分析结果表明:利用基于光通量法的剪切应变测量技术能够可靠地测量SHPSB(split Hopkinson pressure bar)试样的剪切应变。并对比了基于光通量法测量的剪切应变值与理论近似结果,结果显示前者小于后者,分析并讨论了原因。

基于红外激光积分球的硅探测器响应非线性研究

0.9μm是我国高温标准光电和辐射法热力学温度测量的主要工作波段之一,因此对该波段下滤光片辐射计的非线性的研究十分重要。基于单相干光源双光路的光通量倍增法设计并搭建了硅探测器光谱响应非线性测量系统,利用双紫外熔融石英分光镜实现光通量的调控,通过积分球使探测器视场被完全充满,提高入射光在探测器光敏面作用区域的重复性,采用高吸收光阱避免光通量调控过程中的多次反射。实验通过切换中性密度滤波片来实现对光电流范围扩展,表征了0.9μm滤光片辐射计在1.6×10-8~8×10-6 A光电流范围内的非线性,单次测量的非线性值为-8.7×10-5~4.8×10-5,单次测量结果标准不确定度优于3.7×10-4,累积测量的非线性值为-2.7×10-4,标准不确定度优于7.6×10-4。

海工预装式电气房照度计算及仿真模拟研究

本文主要介绍光通量法和DIALux仿真模拟在预装式电气房(E-House)照明照度计算中的成功运用。在进行E-House照明系统设计时,根据船舶行业电气标准及IEC电气相关规范要求,事先预设E-House舱室计划达到的合理照度值;然后根据选用灯具的单只光通量值,通过逆向计算,确定E-House舱室应达到的总光通量值,从而确定E-House所需的灯具总数量值;最后再根据DIALux仿真模拟,核算光通量方法计算的正确性。

用光通量测定法判定耳咽管功能

目的探索一种新的判定耳咽管功能的简便可靠手段。方法设对照组１０名，轻度和重度航空性中耳炎患者各１０名，慢性卡他性中耳炎患者１０名，渗出性中耳炎患者１１名。利用超微弱光探测技术，测定通过耳咽管的光通量，以确定耳咽管功能。并与低压舱检查和声阻抗试验相比较。结果耳咽管的开闭状态直接影响光通量；中耳炎患者的光通量明显地低于正常人；根据设想的数学模型，探讨了耳咽管开闭功能参数的计算方法。结论耳咽管功能的光通量测定方法灵敏、迅速和客观，是一种很有希望的判定手段。

激光前向双角度光通量法测量微粒尺寸分布及浓度的理论分析

基于Ｆｒａｕｎｈｏｆｅｒ衍射理论，提出一种利用前向双角度光通量测量微粒尺寸分布及浓度的方法．给出了理论分析和数值模拟结果，并指出了这种方法的可行性及其应用前景。

A method of simulating intensity modulation-direct detection WDM systems

In the simulation of Intensity Modulation-Direct Detection WDM Systems,when the dispersion and nonlinear effects play equally important roles,the intensity fluctuation caused by cross-phase modulation may be overestimated as a result of the improper step size.Therefore,the step size in numerical simulation should be selected to suppress false XPM intensity modulation (keep it much less than signal power).According to this criterion,the step size is variable along the fiber.For a WDM system,the step size depends on the channel separation.Different type of transmission fiber has different step size.In the split-step Fourier method,this criterion can reduce simulation time,and when the step size is bigger than 100 meters,the simulation accuracy can also be improved.

Survivable Traffic Cognition Algorithm with Joint Failure Probability in Flexible Bandwidth Optical Networks

This paper addresses the problem of survivable traffic assignment with failure probability requirement in flexible bandwidth optical networks. We describe a Survivable Traffic Cognition (STC) algorithm with joint failure probability. Survivable Traffic Assignment (STA) algorithm and Conventional Traffic Assignment (CTA) algorithm are added to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed STC. We investigate the effect of joint failure probability on blocking probability, spectral utilization ratio, average joint failure probability, and the average hops. Simulation results show that our proposed STC not only achieves better performance in terms of blocking probability and spectral utilization ratio than CTA and STA, but also does not cause higher average joint failure probability or larger average hops compared with STA. As a result, STC makes the best use of spectral resources and does not cause large average joint failure probability.

A blind modulation recognition algorithm based on cyclic spectral correlation

Cyclic spectral correlation above the bifrequency plane for the received signal was calculated by the strip spectral correlation algorithm （SSCA）and then was normalized. The result was expressed by matrix. The sum of error-square was computed between corresponding elements for the theoretical sampling matrix of all kinds of modulated signals and calculated matrix. The modulation type was recognized by exploiting the minimum value of the sum of error-square. No extracted characteristic parameter and prior information are needed for identifying the modulation type compared to the conventional methods. In addition, the new method extends the recognition scope and has high recognition probability at low SNR. The simulation results obtained by means of Monter-Carlo method proved the presented algorithm.

HIHO Decoding Algorithms of Turbo Product Codes for High Rate Optical Communications

This paper presents a new Hard-Input Hard-Output (HIHO) iterative decoding algorithm for Turbo Product Codes (TPC), and especially describes the BCH-TPC codes aiming to alleviate error propagation and lower error floor. This algorithm mainly emp hasizes a decision mechanism for bit-flips, which thoroughly evaluates four different aspects of the decoding process, properly weighs and combines their respective reliability measures, and then employs the combined measure to make a judgment with regard to whether any particular bit should be flipped or not. Simulations result in a very steep Bit Error Rate (BER) curve indicating that a high-level net coding gain can be expected with a reasonable complexity. The simplicity and effectiveness of this HIHO decoding algorithm makes it a p romising candidate for the application in future high-speed fiber optical communications.

The 2010 Merapi Eruption： An Overview of Melt Inclusion and Geochemical Data

To characterize the magma that gave rise to explosive eruptions of Merapi volcano in October-November 2010, melt inclusions and juvenile components fiom the eruption deposits have been analyzed. Major-element compositions of whole-rocks were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence and trace elements, including the Rare Earth Elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Melt inclusions and the host minerals were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and CO2 and H20 in melt inclusions, and their associated bubbles, were analyzed using laser Raman spectrometry. The compositions of the whole-rock eruption products are basaltic and esite that slightly sifting of SiO2 and K20 composition to previous eruption products, whereas the melt inclusions in pyroxene, plagioclase and hornblende are dacite to rhyolite, likely trapped mainly during late stages of crystallization of the magma. The most high volatile content in the melt inclusion are CO2 and H2O which appear strong Raman peaks for CO2 in the gas bubbles indicate abundances on high levels of CO2. Interpretation of result from a long-term flux of CO2 into the reservoir, either derived from more mafic magmas at depth or from reaction of magma in the reservoir with limestone and it may indicate that volcanic outgassing rates far exceed the amounts that can be supplied magmas.

Improvement of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption System with a Novel Multipass Cell and Wavelet Transform

Combination of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy(TDLAS)technique and multipass cell is an attractive approach for ultrahigh sensitive detection of trace gases.Theoretically,based on Beer-Lambert law,the longer optical path length and the larger gas absorption,the lower concentration gas could be detected.However,lower radiation intensity and inevitable etalon fringe resulted from multiple reflections would greatly weaken the Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)and thus an expected ultrahigh sensitive detection system is difficult to achieve.In order to fully make use of the advantages of TDLAS and multipass cell,the base length and the total optical path length of the multipass cell are needed to be carefully balanced.Furthermore,the harmonic signals contaminated by various noises are processed with wavelet transform method.As a demonstration of this method,few low concentrations of gas CO in N2 are measured employing TDLAS technique and a novel sealed multipass cell with total optical length of 114 m.The detection limit is about 5×10-6(volume ratio),which is one order of magnitude better than earlier noise reduction.

Novel Strategy for Numerically Evaluating Dark-Soliton Jitter in Optical Communications

In this paper, a novel strategy for numerically evaluating the dark-solitonjitter in optical communications is proposed. It is further tested to be consistent with the famousthreshold-value-oriented method for rather larger distances. Then our method is used to calculatethe dark-soliton jitter within arbitrary small distances. An excellent agreement is obtained withthe theoretical predictions based on the nonlinear Schrddinger equation. Our method is alsoapplicable to some more complicated systems such as the dissipative-dispersive system.

Turbidity measurement based on a multi-wavelength spectral sensor

A method of measuring turbidity based on a multi-wavelength spectral sensor is proposed by using SFH4737 broad-band infrared LED,a multi-wavelength spectral sensor and independently developed data processing software.Combining multiple wavelength data from the sensor,the unitary and multivariate fitting models were constructed to investigate the relationship among light intensity information,absorbance and turbidity,respectively.The turbidity of the actual water bodies was measured separately by using proposed method and a commercially visible spectrophotometer.The independent-samples T test(p>0.05)showed that there was no significant difference between the method in this paper and the standard assay method.The method is simple and inexpensive,and can be applied to the rapid detection of water turbidity,providing a new way of industrial online measurement.

Preliminary Assessment of Total Mercury in Bulk Precipitation around Olkaria Area, Kenya

Geothermal power plants are receiving increasing attention as regards the mobilization of mercury （Hg） to the environment. Hg is a trace element that may be present in the geothermal fluid, but due to its volatility, it is transferred mainly into the vapor phase. Hence, it may be mostly discharged to the atmosphere with the non-condensable gases. Olkaria geothermal field hosts 3 geothermal power plants. In this area Hg deposition fluxes have not been studied. Concentrations and wet deposition fluxes of total mercury （T-Hg） were determined from April 2009 to May 2010 at 2 sites in this field. Event-based precipitation samples were collected using fabricated bulk precipitation samplers. Samples were treated according to trace metal protocol and analyzed by cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry （CVAFS）. This paper thus reports the first ever determination of T-Hg concentrations and fluxes in precipitation. The T-Hg concentration in samples ranged from 0.002-0.0602 μg/L at the two sites, however, the volume-weighted mean concentration and wet deposition flux were 0.01974 and 0.02884μg.L^-1 and 0.0167-1.45 μg.m2 during the study period. The annual volume-weighted mean wet deposition fluxes of T-Hg for 2 sites were 13.74 and 19.83 μg.m-2.yr-1 with an average flux of 16.785μg.m-2.yr-1. Hg concentrations and the Hg fluxes in precipitation showed seasonal trends being lowest in the short-rains and highest in the long rains. The concentrations of T-Hg for the 2 sites is negatively correlated with the precipitation depth （r2 = 0.26 ＆ r2 = 0.0065）, suggesting that scavenging of particle-bound mercury from the atmosphere is an important mechanism contributing to mercury in rainwater. Mean Hg concentrations in precipitation at the study sites were comparable to the ranges reported for Canada and the USA by the Mercury Deposition Network （MDN）.

A Beam Stabilization Algorithm Based on Nonlinear Observer for Low Cost Satcom-on-the-Move

A beam stabilization algorithm was proposed for low cost satcom-on-the-move （SOTM） to stabilize the vehicle-mounted antenna beam. The proposed algorithm utilizes the nonlinear observel to estimate the vehicle＇s attitude information based on inertial measurement unit. Then the estimated angles and angular velocities are used to stabilize the antenna beam. Experiment results show tha｜ the proposed algorithm can stabilize the antenna beam when the tracking information is available, indicating that it is competent to the SOTM system.

泛光照明效果的计算机模拟

从实际灯具的配光曲线及被照面材料的反射特性入手，运用光度学和色度学的计算方法，详细介绍了泛光照明效果的计算机模拟程序的设计思想和分析方法，按照这一思想设计的软件在泛光照明设计中将十分有用．

Construction method of QC-LDPC codes based on multiplicative group of finite field in optical communication

In order to meet the needs of high-speed development of optical communication system, a construction method of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check(QC-LDPC) codes based on multiplicative group of finite field is proposed. The Tanner graph of parity check matrix of the code constructed by this method has no cycle of length 4, and it can make sure that the obtained code can get a good distance property. Simulation results show that when the bit error rate(BER) is 10-6, in the same simulation environment, the net coding gain(NCG) of the proposed QC-LDPC(3 780, 3 540) code with the code rate of 93.7% in this paper is improved by 2.18 dB and 1.6 dB respectively compared with those of the RS(255, 239) code in ITU-T G.975 and the LDPC(3 2640, 3 0592) code in ITU-T G.975.1. In addition, the NCG of the proposed QC-LDPC(3 780, 3 540) code is respectively 0.2 dB and 0.4 dB higher compared with those of the SG-QC-LDPC(3 780, 3 540) code based on the two different subgroups in finite field and the AS-QC-LDPC(3 780, 3 540) code based on the two arbitrary sets of a finite field. Thus, the proposed QC-LDPC(3 780, 3 540) code in this paper can be well applied in optical communication systems.