Inc.Magazine,June 2000

美国《公司》杂志2000年6月刊封面故事：“盖一座21世纪的公司城：如果他能盖起来，能否保留住他的雇员?

Finite Difference Approach for Estimating the Thermal Conductivity by 6-point Crank-Nicolson Scheme

Based on inverse heat conduction theory, a theoretical model using 6-point Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme was used to calculate the thermal conductivity from temperature distribution, which can be measured experimentally. The method is a direct approach of second-order and the key advantage of the present method is that it is not required a priori knowledge of the functional form of the unknown thermal conductivity in the calculation and the thermal parameters are estimated only according to the known temperature distribution. Two cases were numerically calculated and the influence of experimental deviation on the precision of this method was discussed. The comparison of numerical and analytical results showed good agreement.

Rotation, Scaling and Translation Invariant Blind Image Watermarking Scheme Utilizing Zernike Moments

A novel adaptive blind image watermarking scheme resistant to Rotation, scaling and translation (RST) attacks is proposed in this paper. Based on fuzzy clustering theory and Human visual system (HVS) model, the spread spectrum watermark is adaptively embedded in Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain. In order to register RST transform parameters, a hierarchical neural network is utilized to learn image geometric pattern represented by low order Zernike moments. Watermark extraction is carried out after watermarked image has been synchronized without original image. It only needs a trained neural network.Experiments show that it can embed more robust watermark under certain visual distance, effectively resist Joint photographic experts group (JPEG) compression, noise and RST attacks.

The First Record for Two Species of the Soldier Flies （Diptera： Stratiomyidae）from Turkey

Known data on the distribution of Alliocera graeca Saunders, 1845 and Ber＆ chalybata （Forster, 1771） in Europe are summarized. A. graeca has been reliable recorded from Albania, Croatia and Greece. B. chalybata has been reliable recorded from Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Roumania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzeland. A. graeca and B. chalybata, known as European species, are new records for the Turkish Fauna. In this study, the female ofA. graeca and the female ofB. chalybata are presented and photographs of two species are accompanied. Distribution of these species treated is briefly discussed.

Comparison of Beer Quality Produced Using Malt from Kosovo and Other Countries

Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. ＂Birra Peja＂ brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using six different malts. Four of the six studied malts were produced in four European countries： Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia and Kosovo; and, the other two malts were obtained from two （2） 30：70 proportion mixtures： one from Kosovo and Ukraine and another one from Kosovo and Croatia. Chemical, microbiological, sensory and tasting analyses were carried on beers produced by these malts. The study included three working groups from： ＂Birra Peja＂; the Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania and ＂Union Brewery＂, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Chemical and microbiological tests were based on methods under the EBC （European Beer Convention） and MEBAK （Mitteleurop^iische Brautechnische Analysenkommision e.V.） guidelines. The analyses and assessments made for the quality of beer have come to the conclusion that beer produced by Croatian origin malt corresponds to a better quality beer.

Influence of Agricultural Inputs on Growth and Yield of Jatropha curcas （L.） in Cameroon

A study was carried out in the Northern region of Cameroon to assess the influence of fertilizers （chemical fertilizer NPK （15-20-15 w/w/w） or cow dung） on the growth and yield ofJatropha curcas from four origins namely Cameroon, Senegal, Tanzania and Mozambique. The experimental design was factorial with 4 origins×3 fertilizers×8 month durations. After planting, growth parameters and dendrometric measurements were carried out monthly during eight months. Data were analyzed using a Statgraphics program and Duncan test. The results showed that plant of Tanzania and Mozambique origin had higher germination rate in field 75% and 69.5%, respectively. The survival rate of transplants was 100% for Cameroon origin and 98.48% for Senegal origin. NPK and cow dung significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the growth parameters height, diameter, number of ramifications, leaves and fruits of Jatropha curcas. In addition Jatropha from Cameroon origin exhibited the highest growing conditions and high fruit yield, then highlighting its potential for the biofuel program of the country. But significant improvement needs to be done, particularly on the level of fertilizer needed.

Almost periodic solution difference equation with of Nicholson＇s blowflies linear harvesting term

This paper is concerned with Nicholson＇s blowflies difference model with linear harvesting term. We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of an almost periodic positive solution by using contraction mapping principle. The exponential convergence of almost periodic positive solution is derived by discrete Lyapunov functional.

Distinctive South and East Asian monsoon circulation responses to global warming

The Asian summer monsoon(ASM)is the most energetic circulation system.Projecting its future change is critical for the mitigation and adaptation of billions of people living in the region.There are two important components within the ASM:South Asian summer monsoon(SASM)and East Asian summer monsoon(EASM).Although current state-of-the-art climate models projected increased precipitation in both SASM and EASM due to the increase of atmospheric moisture,their circulation changes differ markedlyÐA robust strengthening(weakening)of EASM(SASM)circulation was projected.By separating fast and slow processes in response to increased CO_(2) radiative forcing,we demonstrate that EASM circulation strengthening is attributed to the fast land warming and associated Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing.In contrast,SASM circulation weakening is primarily attributed to an El Niño-like oceanic warming pattern in the tropical Pacific and associated suppressed precipitation over the Maritime Continent.

Almost periodic solution of Nicholson＇s blowflies model with linear harvesting term and impulsive effects

This paper is concerned with impulsive Nicholson＇s blowflies model with linear harvesting term. By using contraction mapping fixed point theorem, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of unique almost periodic positive solution. Moreover, we investigate exponential convergence of the almost periodic positive solution by Lyapunov functional.