我国克隆伦理研究述评

克隆技术的不断发展,涉及克隆的道德问题在应用伦理学领域也日益凸显。"克隆人的合理性"问题,成为克隆伦理研究的核心问题;克隆伦理的研究上存在着不同的争论,学者从不同角度、立场发表自己的看法、观点、见解。

克隆伦理学

克隆细胞的基因组是母细胞或“祖”细胞几乎完全相同的副本，基因组克隆有两种方法——分裂和融合。

对条件克隆人的伦理辨析

目前,我们还要讨论克隆人的原因是,克隆技术仍在进行,假设人的克隆技术发展已经成熟,而且用于人道的目的,这种更加理性化的讨论应该是目前学术界关于克隆人的伦理争议的方向。因此,我们可以在克隆技术已经成熟的假设下更深一步的、有目的地讨论克隆人的伦理问题,当把克隆人的目的缩减在如下较合理的范围中,便可更深一步地、更有针对性地探讨克隆人的伦理问题。

和而不同:生命伦理的世界性与民族性

和而不同,可以理解为多样性的统一,或多样性的协调。它对认识和处理生命伦理的世界性与民族性极富教益:一方面,充分考虑生命伦理的世界性,通过交流和协商,求得共识、达成协议。即使不能达成协议,也要增进相互的了解和理解;另一方面,它允许各个国家和民族从自身的国情和文化传统出发,允许对生命伦理问题有不同的理解和做法。

Life in Kazuo Ishiguro＇s Never Let Me Go

With the announcement of the sheep clone Dolly as the breakthrough in the biotechnology in news media around the turn of the twenty-first century, the rising issue of human clones in its development and the controversially bioethical issues ensued, Kazuo Ishiguro in Never Let Me Go （2005） focuses his attention, in the area of cell therapy, on how human clones, since produced, lead their model lives and face their deaths, in order that his readers may better understand the meanings of life and death, and that they may stay in a far closer relationship with their family and friends than ever. In this essay, I examine, in two worlds, the normals＇ and the clones＇, paralleling each other, the true meanings of being human and their lives through the perspective of Jacques Derrida＇s deconstruction; and I argue that Ishiguro misspeaks to his readers the true meanings of life and death especially through the clones＇ perspective and brings them to his readers＇ hearts further realistically. In Derrida＇s nature-culture structurality of the clones, it is Kathy H. who comes as center into which the other clones come as freeplay in the structurality of the real world, where it is normals who come as center into which clones come as freeplay under the structurality of power in the institutions where the clones＇ culture comes as center into which Miss Emily＇s ruling comes as freeplay by the structurality of authorship where the author comes as center into which the novel comes as freeplay.

电影创意中的克隆人:从科研禁区到科幻热门

尽管对人自身进行克隆在实践中仍然是禁区,但在创作中已经是科幻作品的热门题材。克隆人之所以成为后人类语境的重要命题,是由于它有条件充当自然进化向人为进化过渡的里程碑。克隆人来源于无性繁殖,不应有父母之分,只存在亲本之别,他们心理中最为重要的因素是身份意识。环境影响是造成克隆人与原版人心理差异的重要原因。从伦理角度看,科幻电影致力于揭示克隆人通过挑战身体的唯一性所带来的社会关系变动,构想克隆人与原版人的关系、克隆人与克隆人的关系、克隆人与其他人的关系等。以此为背景展开的克隆人叙事将克隆人权利作为后人类社会的难题,警示克隆人价值所包含的恶托邦想象的风险,展示了克隆人种族所涉及的跨物种融合的前景。