The development of immunotherapies for lymphoma has undergone a revolutionary evolution over the past decades. Since the advent of rituximab as the first successful immunotherapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma over t...The development of immunotherapies for lymphoma has undergone a revolutionary evolution over the past decades. Since the advent of rituximab as the first successful immunotherapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma over two decades ago, a plethora of new immunotherapeutic approaches to treat lymphoma has ensued. Four of the most exciting classes of immunotherapies include:chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, bispecific antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and vaccines. However, with addition of these novel therapies the appropriate timing of treatment, optimal patient population, duration of therapy, toxicity, and cost must be considered. In this review, we describe the most-promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of lymphoma in clinical development, specifically focusing on clinical trials performed to date and strategies for improvement.展开更多
Background The objective of this study was to identify prognostic indicators in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy （iCM） on endomyocardial biopsy （EMB）. Methods and results Between 2007 and 2011 all consecu...Background The objective of this study was to identify prognostic indicators in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy （iCM） on endomyocardial biopsy （EMB）. Methods and results Between 2007 and 2011 all consecutive patients with diagnosed with iCM at EMB were retrospectively analyzed. The combined primary endpoint （EP） （1E°P） was cardiac death, aborted sudden cardiac death/appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD） shock, progressive heart failure requiring left venWicular assist device （LVAD） implantation and heart transplantation. 503 patients （mean age 58 ° 12 years, 73% male） were available for analysis. Genomes of cardiotrophic viruses were detected in 396 patients （79%） and immuno-histochemical signs of inflammation were present in 223 individuals （44%）. After 3.6 ° 2.4 years of follow-up, cardiac mortality was 3.0% （n = 14） and a total of 8.6% （n = 40） reached the primary endpoint. Independent predictors for the 1 °EP were： age 〉 50 years, presence and duration （〈 28 days） of symptomatic heart failure. A risk stratification approach based on the results of the multivariate analysis demonstrated that absence of signs and/or symptoms of congestive heart failure in younger （〈 50 years） patients with longer （〉 28 days） duration of disease appear to have an excellent prognosis with 100% survival and no events during follow-up The presence of all above mentioned independent risk factors results in an 1°EP occurrence of 35.9%. Conclusions Symptoms of heart fail- ure, short duration of disease, and older age are indicators of poor outcome in patients with iCM.展开更多
基金supported by NIH grants(Grant No.R01CA136934,and R01 CA193167)
文摘The development of immunotherapies for lymphoma has undergone a revolutionary evolution over the past decades. Since the advent of rituximab as the first successful immunotherapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma over two decades ago, a plethora of new immunotherapeutic approaches to treat lymphoma has ensued. Four of the most exciting classes of immunotherapies include:chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, bispecific antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and vaccines. However, with addition of these novel therapies the appropriate timing of treatment, optimal patient population, duration of therapy, toxicity, and cost must be considered. In this review, we describe the most-promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of lymphoma in clinical development, specifically focusing on clinical trials performed to date and strategies for improvement.
文摘Background The objective of this study was to identify prognostic indicators in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy （iCM） on endomyocardial biopsy （EMB）. Methods and results Between 2007 and 2011 all consecutive patients with diagnosed with iCM at EMB were retrospectively analyzed. The combined primary endpoint （EP） （1E°P） was cardiac death, aborted sudden cardiac death/appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD） shock, progressive heart failure requiring left venWicular assist device （LVAD） implantation and heart transplantation. 503 patients （mean age 58 ° 12 years, 73% male） were available for analysis. Genomes of cardiotrophic viruses were detected in 396 patients （79%） and immuno-histochemical signs of inflammation were present in 223 individuals （44%）. After 3.6 ° 2.4 years of follow-up, cardiac mortality was 3.0% （n = 14） and a total of 8.6% （n = 40） reached the primary endpoint. Independent predictors for the 1 °EP were： age 〉 50 years, presence and duration （〈 28 days） of symptomatic heart failure. A risk stratification approach based on the results of the multivariate analysis demonstrated that absence of signs and/or symptoms of congestive heart failure in younger （〈 50 years） patients with longer （〉 28 days） duration of disease appear to have an excellent prognosis with 100% survival and no events during follow-up The presence of all above mentioned independent risk factors results in an 1°EP occurrence of 35.9%. Conclusions Symptoms of heart fail- ure, short duration of disease, and older age are indicators of poor outcome in patients with iCM.
